Transposition of Branches of Radial Nerve Innervating Supinator to Posterior Interosseous Nerve for Functional Reconstruction of Finger and Thumb Extension in 4 Patients with Middle and Lower Trunk Root Avulsion Injuries of Brachial Plexus

This study aimed to investigate the reconstruction of the thumb and finger extension function in patients with middle and lower trunk root avulsion injuries of the brachial plexus. From April 2010 to January 2015, we enrolled in this study 4 patients diagnosed with middle and lower trunk root avulsion injuries of the brachial plexus via imaging tests, electrophysiological examinations, and clinical confirmation. Muscular branches of the radial nerve, which innervate the supinator in the forearm, were transposed to the posterior interosseous nerve to reconstruct the thumb and finger extension function. Electrophysiological findings and muscle strength of the extensor pollicis longus and extensor digitorum communis, as well as the distance between the thumb tip and index finger tip, were monitored. All patients were followed up for 24 to 30 months, with an average of 27.5 months. Motor unit potentials（MUP） of the extensor digitorum communis appeared at an average of 3.8 months, while MUP of the extensor pollicis longus appeared at an average of 7 months. Compound muscle action potential（CMAP） appeared at an average of 9 months in the extensor digitorum communis, and 12 months in the extensor pollicis longus. Furthermore, the muscle strength of the extensor pollicis longus and extensor digitorum communis both reached grade Ⅲ at 21 months. Lastly, the average distance between the thumb tip and index finger tip was 8.8 cm at 21 months. In conclusion, for patients with middle and lower trunk injuries of the brachial plexus, transposition of the muscular branches of the radial nerve innervating the supinator to the posterior interosseous nerve for the reconstruction of thumb and finger extension function is practicable and feasible.

超声引导下远端周围神经阻滞对急诊手外伤患者术后康复的影响

目的探讨超声引导下远端周围神经阻滞(DPNB)和腋路臂丛神经阻滞(ABPB)对急诊手外伤患者上肢运动功能和术后快速康复的影响。方法选择急诊手外伤患者92例,男71例,女21例,年龄18~79岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法将患者随机分为两组:DPNB组(D组)和ABPB组(A组),每组46例。两组分别于超声引导下行DPNB和ABPB,均给予0.5%罗哌卡因和1%利多卡因混合液。记录阻滞操作时间、阻滞起效时间、局麻药用量、术中追加镇痛药例数、阻滞效果分级情况。记录术中肘关节、腕关节及手指的运动阻滞情况。记录入院时、术后6 h、出院时Barthel指数。记录住院时间以及局麻药中毒、神经损伤、血管穿刺和气胸等并发症的发生情况。结果与A组比较,D组阻滞操作时间和阻滞起效时间明显缩短,局麻药用量明显减少,肘关节、腕关节及手指运动阻滞发生率明显降低,住院时间明显缩短,术后6 h Barthel指数明显升高(P<0.05)。两组术中追加镇痛药及阻滞效果分级差异无统计学意义。两组均未发生局麻药中毒、神经损伤、血管穿刺和气胸等并发症。结论在急诊手外伤手术患者中,超声引导下远端周围神经阻滞较腋路臂丛神经阻滞更好地保留了上肢运动功能,且更有利于患者术后快速康复。

臂丛神经合并血管损伤的显微外科治疗

目的 探讨臂丛神经合并血管损伤的诊断、显微外科治疗及临床效果。 方法 针对不同损伤部位 ,采取臂丛神经血管探查 ,进行神经修复、移植及血管修补和自体静脉及人工血管移植同时修复神经损伤及血管损伤。 结果 本组 7例 ,经上述方法处理后患肢血液循环良好 ,经 1年以上随访 ,部分病例恢复神经功能 ,优良率为 5 7.1%。结论 明确臂丛神经合并血管损伤的诊断 ,采用有效的显微外科技术进行神经血管修复及重建 ,不仅可避免肢体缺血坏死 ,还可恢复上肢部分功能。