The Kungurian-Capitanian （Permian） Zhesi branchiopod fauna is mainly composed of cold-water typed taxa with high diversity and abundance. This fauna is similar with the coeval brachiopod faunas from Ti- man-Pechora,...The Kungurian-Capitanian （Permian） Zhesi branchiopod fauna is mainly composed of cold-water typed taxa with high diversity and abundance. This fauna is similar with the coeval brachiopod faunas from Ti- man-Pechora, Svalbard, and Queen Elizabeth Islands of the Boreal Realm, with no real ＂warm-water＂ species. Zhesi brachiopod fauna is a cold-water fauna and should be assigned to the Boreal Realm. Considering the paleogeographic characteristics of this fauna and the basic rationale of paleobiogeographie provinces being controlled by latitude-temperate, and that the above areas were located at 50°N -70°N in the global paleoclimate reconstruction map compiled by Boucot et al. , the paleo-latitude of the southern margin of Jiamusi-Mongolia Block, where developed the Zhesi brachiopod fauna, is suggested ranging from 40°N to 60°N. Zhesi brachiopod fauna is an endemic fauna, containing more than 75% endemic species and self-grouped as a biogeographic province, termed Inner Mongolia Province. These characteristics indicate that this area was closed or semiclosed at that time. On the Jiamusi-Mongolia Block, the Herlen-Jiamusi Old-land as an obvious ＂continental barrier＂ hindered the northward migration of the Zhesi brachiopod fauna and the immigration of brachiopod species from other areas. The Tarim plate has collided with the Kazakhstan plate and the western part of South Tianshan-Beishan-Xar Moron Ocean has been closed. At the same time, the western margin of Jiamusi-Mongolia Block was joined with the Tarim plate. The Xar Moron Ocean in south of Jiamusi-Mongolia Block was wide e- nough and the ocean temperature rose gradually southward, so that it is not suitable for the cold-water brachiopods to survive and thrive on the northern margin of the North China plate. Thus, the ocean with large width and high temperature formed another natural barrier for the southward migration of the cold-water brachiopods.展开更多
Tuvaella brachiopod fauna are distributed in an arc in three areas, including the Zeya-Hailar （海拉尔）-Shinejinst area, the Najramdal Uul-Kyzyl area, and the Barkol-Fuyun （富蕴） area. The Tuvaella fauna in the Ze...Tuvaella brachiopod fauna are distributed in an arc in three areas, including the Zeya-Hailar （海拉尔）-Shinejinst area, the Najramdal Uul-Kyzyl area, and the Barkol-Fuyun （富蕴） area. The Tuvaella fauna in the Zeya-Hailar-Shinejinst area are distributed in the northern margin of Jiamusi （佳木斯）-Mongolia block along the Mongolia-Okhotsk suture between the Siberia plate and the Jiamusi-Mongolia block but not appear in the corresponding Siberia plate. The Tuvaella fauna in the Najramdal Uul-Kyzyl area are distributed in the southwestern part of the Siberia plate as the accelerated fold belts during the Salairian-Caledonian periods, and those in the Barkol-Fuyun area are distributed in the northeastern margin of Kazakhstan plate. They are distributed along the Irtysb suture between the Siberia plate and the Kazakhstan plate. The Tuvaeila fauna became domestic fauna during the Wenlock and Pridoli （Middle-Late Silurian） and form a unique biogeographic province, i.e., the Mongolia-Okhotsk Province. This biogeographic province is sustained to the Mississippian （Carboniferous）, perhaps due to the semiclosed state of the Mongolia-Okhotsk Ocean. The northeastern margin （right now the southwestern margin） of Siberia plate, the northern margin of Jiamusi-Mongolia block, and the northeastern margin of Kazakhstan plate might be conjuncted in an arc region from Wenlock to Mississippian, along the southern margin of the Irtysh-Mid Mongolia-Okhotsk Ocean. This is coincident with the fact that the Siberia plate rotated 180° clockwise since the Mesozoic and located in the middle-high latitude during Devonian, and the coral reef limestone is widely developed in the Jiamusi- Mongolia block during the Early and Middle Devonian, which suggests that the block was positioning in middle-lower latitude at that time and that the Kazakhstan plate was also located in low latitude then.展开更多
Abstract The alleged ＂holotype＂of the bivalve Yangtzedonta primitiva Yu.1985 figured by Qian （2001） is a broken and distorted specimen of the brachiopod Xianfengella prima He and Yang, 1982 and not the holotype of...Abstract The alleged ＂holotype＂of the bivalve Yangtzedonta primitiva Yu.1985 figured by Qian （2001） is a broken and distorted specimen of the brachiopod Xianfengella prima He and Yang, 1982 and not the holotype of Y. primitiva. Qian contends that the oldest recognized monoplacophoran, Maikhanella pristinis （Jiang, 1980）, is neither a monoplacophoran nor the oldest molluscan fossil in the Meishucunian Stage of China. Furthermore, he considers that the oldest bivalve Xianfengoconcha eUiptica Zhang, 1980 is an inarticulate brachiopod, not a mollusc. WatsoneUa yunnanensis （He and Yang, 1982）, is associated with Yangtzedonta primitiva Yu but indicates no evolutionary relationship between the Classes Rostroconchia and Bivalvia in the Lower Cambrian Zhongyicun Member of the Yuhucun Formation. Qian＇s confusion in using non-molluscan fossils to discuss the early evolution of shelled molluscs also confuses the basic concepts of the respective groups.展开更多
目的系统分析滇东泥质基底澄江化石库腕足动物的生活方式。方法依据澄江化石库丰富的腕足动物资料,论证寒武纪早期泥质基底腕足动物的生活策略。结果寒武纪早期泥质基底上腕足动物的生活方式主要包括肉茎附着型(pedicle-anchoring or pe...目的系统分析滇东泥质基底澄江化石库腕足动物的生活方式。方法依据澄江化石库丰富的腕足动物资料,论证寒武纪早期泥质基底腕足动物的生活策略。结果寒武纪早期泥质基底上腕足动物的生活方式主要包括肉茎附着型(pedicle-anchoring or pedicle-attaching)、自由平躺型(free-lying)、假内栖型(qusi-infaunal)和表栖粘附型(cemented epifaunal),肉茎附着型是早寒武世腕足动物生活的最普遍的型式。结论空间生态分析显示,早寒武世滇东海盆中,腕足动物的分布已经具有一定的空间层次性,不同的腕足类型占据了不同的生态位,形成了比较复杂的空间群落结构。展开更多
Paleobiogeographic patterns of the brachiopod faunas before and during the first radiation of the Great Ordovi-cian Biodiversification Event(GOBE)in South China at 6 different localities from the upper Jiangnan Slope ...Paleobiogeographic patterns of the brachiopod faunas before and during the first radiation of the Great Ordovi-cian Biodiversification Event(GOBE)in South China at 6 different localities from the upper Jiangnan Slope to the vast area of the Upper Yangtze Platform show several interesting features.First,the initial brachiopod diver-sity acme was accompanied by both high origination and extinction rates.Second,no significant changes took place in the taxonomic composition and paleobiogeographic pattern of the brachiopod fauna during the radia-tion at 5 of the 6 localities studied except the near shore locality,where the first brachiopod radiation was much later than at other localities and was marked by a dramatic increase in endemic constituents.Third,orthides were the predominant brachiopod group during the radiation,and regional brachiopod taxa played a significant role in defining the paleobiogeographic pattern of the radiation.Fourth,the first brachiopod radiation was asso-ciated with 3 major pulses of onshore migration from the upper Jiangnan Slope through the central Upper Yang-tze Platform to the near shore settings of the platform,with the middle pulse being the most significant.Finally,paleogeographic dispersal took place in both onshore and offshore directions,although the onshore expansion was more prominent;several key brachiopods,such as Paralenorthis,Nocturnellia,Protoskenidioides,Nere-idella,Euorthisina and Yangtzeella,first appeared on the upper Jiangnan Slope and later formed distinct,and taxonomically diverse,communities on the Upper Yangtze Platform.The paleogeographic dispersal of brachio-pods is considered to be closely related to the tectonic evolution of the Qianzhong Arch.展开更多
基金Supported by Project of China Geological Survey (No.1212011120153-3)
文摘The Kungurian-Capitanian （Permian） Zhesi branchiopod fauna is mainly composed of cold-water typed taxa with high diversity and abundance. This fauna is similar with the coeval brachiopod faunas from Ti- man-Pechora, Svalbard, and Queen Elizabeth Islands of the Boreal Realm, with no real ＂warm-water＂ species. Zhesi brachiopod fauna is a cold-water fauna and should be assigned to the Boreal Realm. Considering the paleogeographic characteristics of this fauna and the basic rationale of paleobiogeographie provinces being controlled by latitude-temperate, and that the above areas were located at 50°N -70°N in the global paleoclimate reconstruction map compiled by Boucot et al. , the paleo-latitude of the southern margin of Jiamusi-Mongolia Block, where developed the Zhesi brachiopod fauna, is suggested ranging from 40°N to 60°N. Zhesi brachiopod fauna is an endemic fauna, containing more than 75% endemic species and self-grouped as a biogeographic province, termed Inner Mongolia Province. These characteristics indicate that this area was closed or semiclosed at that time. On the Jiamusi-Mongolia Block, the Herlen-Jiamusi Old-land as an obvious ＂continental barrier＂ hindered the northward migration of the Zhesi brachiopod fauna and the immigration of brachiopod species from other areas. The Tarim plate has collided with the Kazakhstan plate and the western part of South Tianshan-Beishan-Xar Moron Ocean has been closed. At the same time, the western margin of Jiamusi-Mongolia Block was joined with the Tarim plate. The Xar Moron Ocean in south of Jiamusi-Mongolia Block was wide e- nough and the ocean temperature rose gradually southward, so that it is not suitable for the cold-water brachiopods to survive and thrive on the northern margin of the North China plate. Thus, the ocean with large width and high temperature formed another natural barrier for the southward migration of the cold-water brachiopods.
基金supported by the Doctoral Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (No. 20060183023)
文摘Tuvaella brachiopod fauna are distributed in an arc in three areas, including the Zeya-Hailar （海拉尔）-Shinejinst area, the Najramdal Uul-Kyzyl area, and the Barkol-Fuyun （富蕴） area. The Tuvaella fauna in the Zeya-Hailar-Shinejinst area are distributed in the northern margin of Jiamusi （佳木斯）-Mongolia block along the Mongolia-Okhotsk suture between the Siberia plate and the Jiamusi-Mongolia block but not appear in the corresponding Siberia plate. The Tuvaella fauna in the Najramdal Uul-Kyzyl area are distributed in the southwestern part of the Siberia plate as the accelerated fold belts during the Salairian-Caledonian periods, and those in the Barkol-Fuyun area are distributed in the northeastern margin of Kazakhstan plate. They are distributed along the Irtysb suture between the Siberia plate and the Kazakhstan plate. The Tuvaeila fauna became domestic fauna during the Wenlock and Pridoli （Middle-Late Silurian） and form a unique biogeographic province, i.e., the Mongolia-Okhotsk Province. This biogeographic province is sustained to the Mississippian （Carboniferous）, perhaps due to the semiclosed state of the Mongolia-Okhotsk Ocean. The northeastern margin （right now the southwestern margin） of Siberia plate, the northern margin of Jiamusi-Mongolia block, and the northeastern margin of Kazakhstan plate might be conjuncted in an arc region from Wenlock to Mississippian, along the southern margin of the Irtysh-Mid Mongolia-Okhotsk Ocean. This is coincident with the fact that the Siberia plate rotated 180° clockwise since the Mesozoic and located in the middle-high latitude during Devonian, and the coral reef limestone is widely developed in the Jiamusi- Mongolia block during the Early and Middle Devonian, which suggests that the block was positioning in middle-lower latitude at that time and that the Kazakhstan plate was also located in low latitude then.
文摘Abstract The alleged ＂holotype＂of the bivalve Yangtzedonta primitiva Yu.1985 figured by Qian （2001） is a broken and distorted specimen of the brachiopod Xianfengella prima He and Yang, 1982 and not the holotype of Y. primitiva. Qian contends that the oldest recognized monoplacophoran, Maikhanella pristinis （Jiang, 1980）, is neither a monoplacophoran nor the oldest molluscan fossil in the Meishucunian Stage of China. Furthermore, he considers that the oldest bivalve Xianfengoconcha eUiptica Zhang, 1980 is an inarticulate brachiopod, not a mollusc. WatsoneUa yunnanensis （He and Yang, 1982）, is associated with Yangtzedonta primitiva Yu but indicates no evolutionary relationship between the Classes Rostroconchia and Bivalvia in the Lower Cambrian Zhongyicun Member of the Yuhucun Formation. Qian＇s confusion in using non-molluscan fossils to discuss the early evolution of shelled molluscs also confuses the basic concepts of the respective groups.
文摘目的系统分析滇东泥质基底澄江化石库腕足动物的生活方式。方法依据澄江化石库丰富的腕足动物资料,论证寒武纪早期泥质基底腕足动物的生活策略。结果寒武纪早期泥质基底上腕足动物的生活方式主要包括肉茎附着型(pedicle-anchoring or pedicle-attaching)、自由平躺型(free-lying)、假内栖型(qusi-infaunal)和表栖粘附型(cemented epifaunal),肉茎附着型是早寒武世腕足动物生活的最普遍的型式。结论空间生态分析显示,早寒武世滇东海盆中,腕足动物的分布已经具有一定的空间层次性,不同的腕足类型占据了不同的生态位,形成了比较复杂的空间群落结构。
基金Financial support for this study was received from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40825006,41221001 and 41290260)the Ministry of Science and Technology,the Chinese Academy of Sci-ences and the State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy,the Visiting University Scholars Pro-gram of Western University(Canada)and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.This paper is a contribution to IGCP project 591,‘The Early to Middle Paleozoic Revolution’.
文摘Paleobiogeographic patterns of the brachiopod faunas before and during the first radiation of the Great Ordovi-cian Biodiversification Event(GOBE)in South China at 6 different localities from the upper Jiangnan Slope to the vast area of the Upper Yangtze Platform show several interesting features.First,the initial brachiopod diver-sity acme was accompanied by both high origination and extinction rates.Second,no significant changes took place in the taxonomic composition and paleobiogeographic pattern of the brachiopod fauna during the radia-tion at 5 of the 6 localities studied except the near shore locality,where the first brachiopod radiation was much later than at other localities and was marked by a dramatic increase in endemic constituents.Third,orthides were the predominant brachiopod group during the radiation,and regional brachiopod taxa played a significant role in defining the paleobiogeographic pattern of the radiation.Fourth,the first brachiopod radiation was asso-ciated with 3 major pulses of onshore migration from the upper Jiangnan Slope through the central Upper Yang-tze Platform to the near shore settings of the platform,with the middle pulse being the most significant.Finally,paleogeographic dispersal took place in both onshore and offshore directions,although the onshore expansion was more prominent;several key brachiopods,such as Paralenorthis,Nocturnellia,Protoskenidioides,Nere-idella,Euorthisina and Yangtzeella,first appeared on the upper Jiangnan Slope and later formed distinct,and taxonomically diverse,communities on the Upper Yangtze Platform.The paleogeographic dispersal of brachio-pods is considered to be closely related to the tectonic evolution of the Qianzhong Arch.
