基于方向领导粒子群算法的Bragg光栅测量土壤水分研究

为提高Bragg光栅测量土壤水分效果,提出方向领导粒子群算法。首先建立光纤Bragg光栅反射谱中心波长与温度变化关系。接着通过粒子适应度标准差选择领导粒子,采用不同的策略调整方向领导粒子飞行速度,收缩因子限制粒子离开搜索空间的可能性。然后以最小化最大折射率调制深度为优化目标,最后给出算法流程。实验显示方向领导粒子群算法对粉壤土、细砂土测量比较接近真实值,评价指标较优。

基于光纤Bragg光栅的模型桨叶弯矩解耦方法

近年来,光纤Bragg光栅(FBGFiber Bragg Grating,FBG)这种具有体积小、质量轻、抗电磁干扰能力强、可实现准分布式测量等独特优势的新型传感器受到了人们的广泛关注。为了实现其在直升机飞行试验中的工程应用,引入基于应变差值计算的桨叶弯矩解耦方法,通过标定实验确定不同光纤Bragg光栅组合桥路测量弯矩的耦合系数,选择最优弯矩解耦组合桥路,完成载荷标定。实验结果表明,光纤Bragg光栅传感器适用于直升机桨叶弯矩测量,可以实现挥舞、摆振、扭转弯矩的有效解耦和准分布式测量。

High-order Bragg forward scattering and frequency shift of low-frequency underwater acoustic field by moving rough sea surface

Acoustic scattering modulation caused by an undulating sea surface on the space-time dimension seriously affects underwater detection and target recognition.Herein,underwater acoustic scattering modulation from a moving rough sea surface is studied based on integral equation and parabolic equation.And with the principles of grating and constructive interference,the mechanism of this acoustic scattering modulation is explained.The periodicity of the interference of moving rough sea surface will lead to the interference of the scattering field at a series of discrete angles,which will form comb-like and frequency-shift characteristics on the intensity and the frequency spectrum of the acoustic scattering field,respectively,which is a high-order Bragg scattering phenomenon.Unlike the conventional Doppler effect,the frequency shifts of the Bragg scattering phenomenon are multiples of the undulating sea surface frequency and are independent of the incident sound wave frequency.Therefore,even if a low-frequency underwater acoustic field is incident,it will produce obvious frequency shifts.Moreover,under the action of ideal sinusoidal waves,swells,fully grown wind waves,unsteady wind waves,or mixed waves,different moving rough sea surfaces create different acoustic scattering processes and possess different frequency shift characteristics.For the swell wave,which tends to be a single harmonic wave,the moving rough sea surface produces more obvious high-order scattering and frequency shifts.The same phenomena are observed on the sea surface under fully grown wind waves,however,the frequency shift slightly offsets the multiple peak frequencies of the wind wave spectrum.Comparing with the swell and fully-grown wind waves,the acoustic scattering and frequency shift are not obvious for the sea surface under unsteady wind waves.

975 nm multimode semiconductor lasers with high-order Bragg diffraction gratings

The 975 nm multimode diode lasers with high-order surface Bragg diffraction gratings have been simulated and calcu-lated using the 2D finite difference time domain(FDTD)algorithm and the scattering matrix method(SMM).The periods and etch depth of the grating parameters have been optimized.A board area laser diode(BA-LD)with high-order diffraction grat-ings has been designed and fabricated.At output powers up to 10.5 W,the measured spectral width of full width at half maxi-mum(FWHM)is less than 0.5 nm.The results demonstrate that the designed high-order surface gratings can effectively nar-row the spectral width of multimode semiconductor lasers at high output power.

Monitoring shear deformation of sliding zone via fiber Bragg grating and particle image velocimetry

Monitoring shear deformation of sliding zones is of great significance for understanding the landslide evolution mechanism,in which fiber optic strain sensing has shown great potential.However,the cor-relation between strain measurements of quasi-distributed fiber Bragg grating(FBG)sensing arrays and shear displacements of surrounding soil remains elusive.In this study,a direct shear model test was conducted to simulate the shear deformation of sliding zones,in which the soil internal deformation was captured using FBG strain sensors and the soil surface deformation was measured by particle image velocimetry(PIV).The test results show that there were two main slip surfaces and two secondary ones,developing a spindle-shaped shear band in the soil.The formation of the shear band was successfully captured by FBG sensors.A sinusoidal model was proposed to describe the fiber optic cable deformation behavior.On this basis,the shear displacements and shear band widths were calculated by using strain measurements.This work provides important insight into the deduction of soil shear deformation using soil-embedded FBG strain sensors.

基于光纤Bragg光栅超声复合检测金属腐蚀与振动状态方法研究

为了实现钢板腐蚀前后及冲击振动状态复合检测,构建了基于光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)超声检测系统。首先分析了基于可调激光光源的光纤光栅的解调原理。在此基础上,实验研究了钢板腐蚀前后的兰姆波信号变化规律,分析了钢板在不同垂直冲击强度撞击下的时频变化特性以及钢板腐蚀前后冲击振动信号的时频变化规律。研究表明:所搭建的光纤布拉格光栅超声检测系统能够有效地实现钢板腐蚀及冲击振动信号的复合检测,通过兰姆波信号的幅值大小及是否有新的频率分量出现,可以准确识别钢板是否遭受腐蚀。冲击信号的幅值变化与冲击大小存在线性关系,同时通过频域分析证明钢板腐蚀后的频率各分量平均呈现出12 Hz右移。

光纤Bragg光栅应变传感研究

基于光纤Bragg光栅应变传感模型 ,利用泰勒级数展开法 ,将光纤Bragg光栅反射峰中心波长所满足的Bragg方程展开 ,得到了中心波长相对偏移量与应变增量之间的二次解析关系式 ,进而得到了光纤Bragg光栅一阶、二阶应变灵敏度系数的解析表达式 ,计算了一阶、二阶应变灵敏度系数的理论值 ;并将光纤Bragg光栅粘贴在悬臂梁上进行拉伸和压缩 ,得到了与应变对应的光纤Bragg光栅中心波长偏移量 ,通过线性和二次多项式拟合 ,得到了光纤Bragg光栅一阶、二阶应变灵敏度系数的实验值 ;

光纤Bragg光栅力觉传感器在健康医疗领域的应用

在微创手术等现代医疗过程中普遍存在力触觉反馈缺失、健康体征监测系统有待完善和提升等问题,使得力触觉感知成为了机器人领域中热门的研究方向。传统的电学类传感器存在明显的体积大和生物相容性差等问题,难以直接应用于微创手术等场景。光纤Bragg光栅(Fiber Bragg Grating,FBG)传感技术因其抗电磁干扰能力强、生物相容性高、宽带宽和尺寸小等特点,正被广泛应用于健康医疗领域。主要介绍了FBG力觉传感器的工作原理及其传感特性,详细叙述了国内外基于FBG的力触觉传感器在健康医疗方面的研究现状和应用情况,并展望了光纤光栅式力觉传感技术在健康医疗领域的发展趋势。

基于聚合物薄膜的光纤Bragg光栅甲醇传感器

为了稳定准确地检测甲醇蒸汽浓度,该文提出了一种基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)薄膜的光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)甲醇传感器。首先使用氢氟酸腐蚀部分包层,在栅区表面涂覆一层PMMA薄膜;然后构建测量系统,建立了传感器检测甲醇蒸汽的理论模型;最后引入温度补偿单元,消除温度对甲醇蒸汽浓度测量产生的影响。实验研究了PMMA薄膜厚度和温湿度对传感器灵敏度的影响,测试了传感器的响应时间、选择敏感性和检测下限。研究结果表明,在甲醇质量浓度为20~160 mg/L时,传感器的中心波长漂移与浓度间具有线性关系(线性系数R2=0.992)。在温度20~40℃,相对湿度40%~80%时,传感器能够准确检测甲醇蒸汽浓度的变化,其灵敏度为0.292 pm/(mg·L^(-1)),相对误差为9.3%,检测下限为20 mg/L。

Novel Apodized Fiber Bragg GratingApplied for Medical Sensors:Performance Investigation

Sensors play an important role in shaping and monitoring human health.Exploration of methods to use Fiber Bragg Grating(FBG)with enhanced sensitivity has attracted great interest in the field of medical research.In this paper,a novel apodization function is proposed and performance evaluation and optimization of the same have been made.A comparison was conducted between various existing apodization functions and the proposed one based on optical characteristics and sensor parameters.The results evince the implementation of the proposed apodization function for vital sign measurement.The optical characteristics considered for evaluation are Peak Resonance Reflectivity level,Side Lobes Reflectivity level and FullWidth HalfMaximum(FWHM).The proposed novel apodization novel function has better FWHM,which is narrower than the FWHM of uniform FBG.Sensor characteristics like a quality parameter,detection accuracy and sensitivity also show improvement.The proposed novel apodization function is demonstrated to have a better shift in wavelength in terms of temperature and pulse measurement than the existing functions.The sensitivity of the proposed apodized function is enhanced with a Poly-dimethylsiloxane coating of varying thickness,which is 6 times and 5.14 times greater than uniform Fiber Bragg grating and FBG with the proposed novel apodization function,respectively,enhancing its utilization in the field of medicine.

Encrypted optical fiber tag based on encoded fiber Bragg grating array

Optical fibers are typically used in telecommunications services for data transmission,where the use of fiber tags is essential to distinguish between the different transmission fibers or channels and thus ensure the working functionality of the communication system.Traditional physical entity marking methods for fiber labeling are bulky,easily confused,and,most importantly,the label information can be accessed easily by all potential users.This work proposes an encrypted optical fiber tag based on an encoded fiber Bragg grating(FBG)array that is fabricated using a point-by-point femtosecond laser pulse chain inscription method.Gratings with different resonant wavelengths and reflectivities are realized by adjusting the grating period and the refractive index modulations.It is demonstrated that a binary data sequence carried by a fiber tag can be inscribed into the fiber core in the form of an FBG array,and the tag data can be encrypted through appropriate design of the spatial distributions of the FBGs with various reflection wavelengths and reflectivities.The proposed fiber tag technology can be used for applications in port identification,encrypted data storage,and transmission in fiber networks.

Critical dispersion of chirped fiber Bragg grating for eliminating time delay signature of distributed feedback laser chaos

Optical chaos has attracted widespread attention owing to its complex dynamic behaviors.However,the time delay signature(TDS)caused by the external cavity mode reduces the complexity of optical chaos.We propose and numerically demonstrate the critical dispersion of chirped fiber Bragg grating(CFBG)for eliminating the TDS of laser chaos in this work.The critical dispersion,as a function of relaxation frequency and bandwidth of the optical spectrum,is found through extensive dynamics simulations.It is shown that the TDS can be eliminated when the dispersion of CFBG is above this critical dispersion.In addition,the influence of dispersive feedback light and output light from a laser is investigated.These results provide important quantitative guidance for designing chaotic semiconductor lasers without TDS.

Determination of the Postmortem Interval Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors

Fiber Bragg grating(FBG)sensors are often used in monitoring activities and to ensure that environmental parameters satisfy industrial requirements.They offer crucial safety measures in the early detection of hazards due to their greatly reduced size,low weight,flexibility,and immunity to electromagnetic interference.These characteristics make FBGs suitable also for use in relation to the human body for in vivo measurements and long-term monitoring.In this study,recent developments are presented with regard to the utilization of these sensors to measure the so-called post-mortem interval(PMI).Such developments rely on numerical simulations based on the Matlab software and monitoring of the rectal temperature,which is one of the main parameters for estimating the PMI.First,the Matlab software is used to solve the Henssge equation for different ambient temperatures and for different body masses;then a Bragg grating sensors is used for post-mortem dating.The results and their accuracy are discussed.

Spatiotemporal hemodynamic monitoring via configurable skin-like microfiber Bragg grating group

Systemic blood circulation is one of life activity’s most important physiological functions.Continuous noninvasive hemodynamicmonitoring is essential for the management of cardiovascular status.However,it is difficult to achieve systemichemodynamic monitoring with the daily use of current devices due to the lack of multichannel and time-synchronized operationcapability over the whole body.Here,we utilize a soft microfiber Bragg grating group to monitor spatiotemporalhemodynamics by taking advantage of the high sensitivity,electromagnetic immunity,and great temporal synchronizationbetween multiple remote sensor nodes.A continuous systemic hemodynamic measurement technique is developedusing all-mechanical physiological signals,such as ballistocardiogram signals and pulse waves,to illustrate the actualmechanical process of blood circulation.Multiple hemodynamic parameters,such as systemic pulse transit time,heartrate,blood pressure,and peripheral resistance,are monitored using skin-like microfiber Bragg grating patches conformallyattached at different body locations.Relying on the soft microfiber Bragg grating group,the spatiotemporal hemodynamicmonitoring technique opens up new possibilities in clinical medical diagnosis and daily health management.

线性长波越过水下环礁引起的Bragg共振分析

采用线性长波方程对水下环礁波浪的传播变形进行解析模拟,并建立散射系数的解析公式,根据散射系数,分析环礁地形上Bragg共振的存在性与存在条件。结果表明:当环礁中心泻湖深度足够深时,会激发其迎浪正面的Bragg共振,即在2S/L=1附近产生主共振,在的2S/L=2、2S/L=3附近,散射系数取得极大值,但是共振规律随着方位的偏移及泻湖深度的变浅而逐渐消失。另外还发现,在一些特定的入射波频率下,环礁可激发其他方位上的共振,如在2S/L=2.24频率下,迎浪面θ=3π/4方位上的散射强,而正面θ=π散射小。

分离应变和温度的差动式光纤Bragg光栅传感器

作为传感元件,被光纤Bragg光栅测量的物理量的信息是一种波长编码的绝对测量,然而,其本质的限制是对多变量的交叉敏感。实验表明:温度波动严重干扰了应变式光纤Bragg光栅传感器的测量,拉、压应变的标准误差为0 21nm和0 20nm.根据粘贴于悬臂梁上、下表面的光纤光栅的Bragg波长响应温度和应变的差异,分离了应变和温度的耦合信号,拉、压应变的标准误差降低到了0 005nm和0 20nm.根据粘贴于悬臂梁上、下表面的光纤光栅的Bragg波长响应温度和应变的差异,分离了应变和温度的耦合信号,拉、压应变的标准误差降低到了0 05nm和0 07nm.值得注意地是:在该机械补偿方案中,温度检测不是必需的。

光纤Bragg光栅的温度传感研究

本文分析了光纤 Bragg光栅在受到温度调制时的滤波特性。与温度对光纤光栅反射谱波长的影响相比 ,对其带宽的影响可忽略。实验中 ,光纤光栅受温度的调制 ,并且其反射谱由光谱仪记录。结果表明该光纤 Bragg光栅对温度产生的波长偏移是 0 .0 0 991nm/℃。值得注意的是实验中最大标准误差为 0 .0 3nm,能满足目前波分复用技术所需的信道精度。

铠装光纤Bragg光栅温度传感器的研究

裸光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)的温度灵敏度约为10pm/℃。在铠装FBG温度传感器中,光栅粘贴于热膨胀系数较大的金属片(如Cu和Al)表面的线槽内。金属片受热膨胀将衍生出光栅的轴向热应变,从而提高光纤光栅的温度响应灵敏度。在采用波分复用技术中的FBG的传感网络方案中,串联的3只光栅均置于温度控制器中。实验表明:当温度从20℃升至80℃时,Cu制和Al制铠装FBG温度传感器的表观温度灵敏度分别约提高34. 3, 42. 7pm/℃,测量重复性分别为2. 3, 2. 8pm。

双棱镜改变写入Bragg波长的相位掩模技术(英文)

将一种可旋转的双棱镜引入到相位掩模技术中以改变光栅的写入Bragg波长.在该系统中,光纤光栅是由来自可旋转双棱镜所形成的波长为248nm的紫外干涉条纹写入的,其中,相位掩模被用作1级衍射光的分束器,通过双棱镜的旋转可改变两写入光束的交叉角.为了初始化Bragg波长的参考值,双光栅的顶角由相位掩模的1级衍射角和双棱镜的折射率确定.因为在～100nm范围内两光束的非对称旋转对光栅周期的改变是5×10-4nm,双棱镜引入的光栅的闪耀可忽略.当Bragg波长的移位为1nm时,棱镜最大的旋转角为～1degree,最小的旋转角是～2.4min.与Talbot干涉仪中平面镜的旋转角～23s/nm相比,该相位干涉仪中棱镜的旋转精度降低了2～3个数量级.

光纤Bragg光栅传感网络实时监测与应变分析

作为一种绝对式传感器,波长调制式光纤Bragg光栅传感器对应变的响应为0.9pm/??。开发了基于可调谐F-P滤波器的检测仪器与计算机系统之间的实时监测系统。在对白泥井3号隧道的监测过程中,该光纤Bragg光栅传感网络实时监测系统实现了对来自隧道结构的应变状态的实时采集和描绘,并可以存储波长和应变数据以便后期查寻分析;借助分析光纤Bragg光栅传感器的应变图、三维应变图,为判断隧道二次衬砌的受力趋向提供参考。