Neuroform Atlas支架与Enterprise支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的效果比较

目的探讨Neuroform Atlas支架与Enterprise支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤(IWA)的效果。方法选取IWA患者72例,采用随机数字表法分为A、B组,每组36例。A组采用Neuroform Atlas支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗,B组采用Enterprise支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗。比较两组Raymond分级、脑血流灌注情况、改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分及并发症发生率。结果A组和B组术后即刻Raymond分级Ⅰ级占比分别为75.00%(27/36)、66.67%(24/36),比较差异不显著(P>0.05);两组术后即刻Raymond分级比较,差异不显著(P>0.05);A组术后6个月Raymond分级Ⅰ级占比为83.33%(30/36),高于B组的61.11%(22/36)(P<0.05);A组术后6个月Raymond分级优于B组(P<0.05)。A组和B组术前局部脑血容量(rCBV)、颅内压(ICP)比较,差异不显著(P>0.05);A组和B组术后6个月rCBV均高于术前,ICP均低于术前,且A组术后6个月rCBV(2.18±0.42)ml/100 g高于B组的(1.95±0.33)ml/100 g,ICP(16.24±2.63)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)低于B组的(18.52±2.70)mm Hg(P<0.05)。随访6个月,A组mRS评分0~2分占比94.44%高于B组的77.78%(P<0.05)。两组并发症发生率比较,差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论与Enterprise支架相比,Neuroform Atlas支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗IWA的完全闭塞率更高,同时能更好地改善患者脑血流灌注和短期预后,而两种支架的并发症发生率相似。

Multi-Atlas Based Methods in Brain MR Image Segmentation

Brain region-of-interesting (ROI) segmentation is an important prerequisite step for many computeraid brain disease analyses.However,the human brain has the complicated anatomical structure.Meanwhile,the brain MR images often suffer from the low intensity contrast around the boundary of ROIs,large inter-subject variance and large inner-subject variance.To address these issues,many multi-atlas based segmentation methods are proposed for brain ROI segmentation in the last decade.In this paper,multi-atlas based methods for brain MR image segmentation were reviewed regarding several registration toolboxes which are widely used in the multi-atlas methods,conventional methods for label fusion,datasets that have been used for evaluating the multiatlas methods,as well as the applications of multi-atlas based segmentation in clinical researches.We propose that incorporating the anatomical prior into the end-to-end deep learning architectures for brain ROI segmentation is an important direction in the future.

Quantification of Tc-99m-ethyl cysteinate dimer brain single photon emission computed tomography images using statistical probabilistic brain atlas in depressive end-stage renal disease patients:Correlation with disease severity and symptom factors

This study adapted a statistical probabilistic anatomical map of the brain for single photon emission computed tomography images of depressive end-stage renal disease patients. This research aimed to investigate the relationship between symptom clusters, disease severity, and cerebral blood flow. Twenty-seven patients （16 males, 11 females） with stages 4 and 5 end-stage renal disease were enrolled, along with 25 healthy controls. All patients underwent depressive mood assessment and brain single photon emission computed tomography. The statistical probabilistic anatomical map images were used to calculate the brain single photon emission computed tomography counts. Asymmetric index was acquired and Pearson correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between symptom factors, severity, and regional cerebral blood flow. The depression factors of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale showed a negative correlation with cerebral blood flow in the left amygdale. The insomnia factor showed negative correlations with cerebral blood flow in the left amygdala, right superior frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, and left middle frontal gyrus. The anxiety factor showed a positive correlation with cerebral glucose metabolism in the cerebellar vermis and a negative correlation with cerebral glucose metabolism in the left globus pailidus, right inferior frontal gyrus, both temporal poles, and left parahippocampus. The overall depression severity （total scores of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale） was negatively correlated with the statistical probabilistic anatomical map results in the left amygdala and right inferior frontal gyrus. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the disease severity and extent of cerebral blood flow quantified by a probabilistic brain atlas was related to various brain areas in terms of the overall severity and symptom factors in end-stage renal disease patients.

基于磁化率成像Brainnetome Atlas脑网络组图谱定量分析脑铁的可行性

目的探讨基于定量磁化率成像(QSM)脑网络组图谱定量分析脑铁的可行性。方法将43名右利手健康成年志愿者的QSM图像通过Matlab软件配准及滑处理对应到标准脑,在Brainnetome Atlas脑网络组图谱上选择双侧苍白球、壳核、尾状核、海马、丘脑、额叶、顶叶及枕叶皮质ROI,以Matlab软件测量磁化率值,并对上述脑区手工勾画ROI,测量磁化率值。对软件及手工所测磁化率值与尸检脑组织染色所得铁浓度结果进行相关分析,观察其与年龄的相关性,比较不同性别、侧别间磁敏感值差异。结果Matlab软件和手工测量磁化率值均以苍白球最高,壳核次之,海马最低;2种方法所测磁化率值均与尸检铁浓度结果呈正相关(r=0.920、0.856,P=0.003、0.014)。Matlab法测得男性额叶皮质磁化率值高于女性(P<0.05),其余部位无显著性别差异(P均>0.05);2种方法所测磁化率值均无显著侧别差异(P均>0.05)。结论基于QSM成像Brainnetome Atlas脑网络组图谱脑铁定量方法测量脑铁含量具有较高准确性及可行性;脑铁含量随年龄而增加,额叶皮质铁含量存在性别差异。

A Temporal–Spatial Atlas of Peripheral Nerve Evoked Cortex Potential in Rat:A Novel Testbed to Explore the Responding Patterns of the Brain to Peripheral Nerves

Observing the dynamic progress of the brain in response to peripheral nerve stimulation as a whole is the basis for a deeper understanding of overall brain function;however,it remains a great challenge.In this work,a novel mini-invasive orthogonal recording method is developed to observe the overall evoked cortex potential(ECP)in rat brain.A typical ECP atlas with recognizable waveforms in the rat cortex corresponding to the median,ulnar,and radial nerve trunks and subdivided branches is acquired.Reproducible exciting temporal–spatial progress in the rat brain is obtained and visualized for the first time.Changes in the ECPs and exciting sequences in the cortex four months after median nerve transection are also observed.The results suggest that the brain’s response to peripheral stimulation has precise and reproducible temporal–spatial properties.This resource can serve as a testbed to explore the overall functional interaction and dynamic remodeling mechanisms between the peripheral and central nervous systems over time.

Non-human Primate Model and Human Brain Atlas

In the past few years,scientists at the CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligent Technology have made a series of important original advances in the field of non-human primate models and human brain connection atlases.Cloned Monkeys for Biomedical StudyNon-human primates are considered to be the best animal models,given that they are genetically the closest to humans.Cloning these animals,however,is a longstanding challenge;many attempts ended with no reward.Things changed early 2018.Two live macaque monkeys.

STUDY ABOUT CLINICAL APPLICATION OF BRAIN ATLAS IN PAEDIATRICS

Objectives To explore clinical application on brain atlas in paediatrics. Methode: Brain atlas was applied in diagnosis and treatment of paediatric diseases and its clinical value was discussed in 1990 ～2001. The manifestation of these diseases in brain atlas were analysed and the manifestation of CT of 67 cases and manifestations of EEG of 37 cases with that of BA were compared. Results The changes of cerebral electrical activity of these diseases were reflected objectively and showed directly in BA. Conclusion Brain atlas not only can point out quality of disease but also define position of disease. Therefore, brain atlas has important clinical value in paediatrics.

APPLIED STUDY ON BRAIN ATLAS AFTER AND BEFORE TREATMENT BY SIBELIUM IN ISCHEMIC VASCULAR DIZZINESS

目的:探讨西比灵的临床疗效和脑电地形图的应用价值。方法:应用西比灵治疗300例缺血性血管性头晕患者,通过临床症征和脑电地形图观察其疗效。结果:西比灵治疗缺血性血管性头晕有效率为100％,脑电地形图在治疗前后有明显改变。结论:西比灵是治疗缺血性血管性头晕的较理想药物。脑电地形图是观察西比灵疗效和作用机理的有效指标。

STUDY AND APPLICATION ABOUT COMPUTER-AID DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM OF EXPERT ON BRAIN ATLAS

目的:研究脑电地形图电脑专家助诊系统。方法:该助诊系统的原理和程序设计被研究了,并且观察了其临床应用效果。结果:该助诊系统被研究成功,并且其临床应用效果是满意的。结论:该助诊系统不仅可用于临床诊断,而且也为科学研究工作奠定了基础。

STUDY AND PREPARATION ON "PAIN TAN NING" AND ITS CLINICAL APPLICATION AND STUDY ON BRAIN ATLAS

Objective: To observe clinical effect of combined mixture of traditional chineses and western medicine "PIAN TAN NING" in treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases and change of brain atlas. Methods:In 6660 patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease, the curative effect of "PIAN TAN NING" and brain atlas were observed and other 30 cases were compared with treatment of Dextran. Results:After treatment, patient's clinical symptoms and recovered degree of myodynamia and brain atlas improved significantly. Total effective rate was 96. 7%. But the contral group was 80. 0%. There was a significant difference between them ( p ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion: The "PIAN TAN NING" produced a good clinical curative effect in treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases and the side effect was only a few. So it can be applied very well in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease. The applied value of brain atlas was very good.

Multimodal Nature of the Single-cell Primate Brain Atlas:Morphology,Transcriptome,Electrophysiology,and Connectivity

Primates exhibit complex brain structures that augment cognitive function.The neocortex fulfills high-cognitive functions through billions of connected neurons.These neurons have distinct transcriptomic,morphological,and electrophysiological properties,and their connectivity principles vary.These features endow the primate brain atlas with a multimodal nature.The recent integration of next-generation sequencing with modified patch-clamp techniques is revolutionizing the way to census the primate neocortex,enabling a multimodal neuronal atlas to be established in great detail:(1)single-cell/single-nucleus RNA-seq technology establishes high-throughput transcriptomic references,covering all major transcriptomic cell types;(2)patch-seq links the morphological and electrophysiological features to the transcriptomic reference;(3)multicell patch-clamp delineates the principles of local connectivity.Here,we review the applications of these technologies in the primate neocortex and discuss the current advances and tentative gaps for a comprehensive understanding of the primate neocortex.

Breviscapine alleviates hepatic injury and inhibits PKC-mRNA and its protein expression in brain-dead BA-Ma mini pigs

BACKGROUND: Brain-dead donors are the main sources for organ transplantation, but many studies show that brain-death affects the organ's function after transplantation. This study was undertaken to investigate liver injury after brain-death in BA-Ma mini pigs and the protective effects of breviscapine on hepatic function and on PKC-alpha mRNA and its protein expression. METHODS: Fifteen BA-Ma mini pigs were equally divided into 3 groups at random: brain-dead (group B), breviscapine pretreated (group P), and control (group Q. The brain-dead model was established by increasing intracranial pressure in a modified, slow and intermittent way. At 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours after the initial brain-death, the levels of serum AST, ALT, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 were determined. The changes in hepatic tissues were assessed, and the expression of PKC-alpha and PKC-alpha mRNA was detected by immunohistochemistry and RTPCR, respectively. RESULTS: The levels of AST and ALT in groups B and P began to increase 12 hours after brain-death, while the values in group P were lower than those in group B (P<0.05). The levels of IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha in groups B and P at 3, 6, 12 and 18 hours were lower than those in group B (P<0.05). At 6, 12 and 24 hours, the expressions of PKC-a mRNA and PKC-a protein in group P were lower than those in group B (P<0.05). The degree of injury to hepatic cells in group P was milder than that in group B. CONCLUSIONS: Breviscapine inhibits the degree of PKC-alpha mRNA transcription and its protein translation, decreases the release of inflammatory factors, and thus alleviates hepatic injury during brain-death.

Framework for development of three-dimensional digital atlas of human anatomy

Objectives: The overall aim is to propose a general framework to build any kind of interactive digital atlas. It can be used either as pedagogical support to study human anatomy or as a tool to aid health professionals improving the quality of the human resources formation. Methods: To illustrate the use of the proposed methodology was build an atlas of intracranial human anatomy. We used 3D surface rendering techniques to create a brain atlas that would allow us to correlate bi-dimensional MRI images with 3D brain structures. Results: The system was coded in Java and distributed under GNU/GLP license, making it available to use and/or to expand and serve as an educational tool allow medical students to use it to evaluate the special relationships among structures. Conclusions: The characteristics of the obtained Atlas are essential in the Brazilian public health context, where professionals in several different geographical locations (submitted to distinct informatics infrastructure) need to be trained.

CONTRAST STUDY ON CT AND BA IN DIAGNOSIS OF PATIENTS WITH ATHEROTHROMBOTIC BRAIN INFARCTION

Objectives: To explore applied value on CT and BA in diagnosis of patients with athero-thrombotic brain infarction. Methods :CT and BA were examined in 246 patients with atherothrombotic brain infarction. Results:The different change of CT and BA were showed in 246 patients with atherothrombotic brain infarction. Conclusions: There were separately different advantage and shortcoming in CT and BA in diagnosis of atherothrombotic brain infarction. The value of clinical application of BA was important in diagnosis of atherothrombotic brain infarction.

CONTRAST STUDY ON BA AND CT IN PATIENTS WITH BRAIN TRAUMA

目的:探讨脑电地形图与脑CT在脑外伤诊断中的应用价值。方法:脑电地形图和脑CT在124例脑外伤患者中被检查了,并且进行了对比。结果:在硬膜内和外血肿等器质病变中,BA和CT的定性和定位诊断是一致的,在脑震荡和脑外伤后综合征等功能性病变中,BA是阳性而CT是阴性。结论:脑电地形图在脑外伤的诊断中有重要应用价值。

STUDY APPLIED ON BA IN PATIENTS WITH BRAIN TRAUMA

目的:探讨脑电地形图在脑外伤病人中的应用价值。方法:在124例脑外伤病人中,检查了脑电地形图。结果:脑电地形图在这些病人中改变是明显的。结论:脑电地形图在脑外伤病人中有重要应用价值。

CONTRAST STUDY ON BA AND CT IN PATIENTS WITH POST-TRAUMATIC BRAIN SYNDROME

目的:探讨脑电地形图与脑 CT 在脑外伤后综合征患者诊断中的应用价值。方法:103 例脑外伤后综合征患者进行了脑电地形图和脑 CT 检查,并进行对比。结果:在脑外伤后综合征患者中,脑电地形图显示阳性改变,而脑 CT 为阴性。结论:脑电地形图在脑外伤后综合征患者的诊断中有重要应用价值。

基于神经影像和机器学习的大脑功能图谱构建方法综述

脑图谱是包括大脑功能探索、神经和认知科学以及临床诊疗在内的脑科学研究的重要工具,其主要通过神经影像数据,利用机器学习方法进行构建,由此产生的分割模式是理解大脑组织和功能的基础,还可用于脑网络节点的定义,并有助于降低神经影像噪声对应用结果的影响。在脑图谱中,相比于结构图谱,功能图谱虽然起步较晚,但其具有更高的功能一致性,已在各类脑功能相关研究中得到了广泛关注和应用。为了揭示功能图谱的发展路径,在调研基于神经影像数据和机器学习所构建的脑功能图谱的种类和方法的基础上,首先将图谱按照皮层和体素、个体和群体以及影像模态等多重属性特征进行分类解读,展示各种图谱的详细信息;然后根据机器学习方法分别综述基于图聚类和基于时间序列聚类的脑图谱构建方法;最后对脑图谱研究领域所面临的挑战和将来可能的研究方向进行展望。

基于DNA条形码技术的高通量介观联接组学

联接组学作为研究不同脑区、不同神经元之间突触联接模式的一个重要神经科学研究领域,是理解神经计算,揭示情感、学习、认知等复杂功能的关键之一。其中微米级的介观联接组学以其独有的优势成为了目前在啮齿类动物等的神经系统研究中应用最为广泛的技术,且在非人灵长类动物的脑科学研究中也有着重要的应用前景。传统的介观联接组学测量技术通常采用荧光标记和光学成像的原理,对神经环路进行顺行或逆行示踪。为了实现单细胞精度的示踪成像以绘制更精细的联接图谱,人们发明了稀疏标记神经元的方法,但在单个动物的示踪通量、数据的多组学跨模态整合等方面仍面临着挑战。近十年来,基于DNA条形码的高通量介观联接组测量技术正快速发展,与传统的介观联接组学测量技术相比具有高通量、低成本以及多组学分析的优势。本文根据示踪原理及所用病毒感染模式的不同介绍了几种较成熟的基于DNA条形码的介观联接组学代表性技术,并从技术原理、技术应用以及技术的优缺点等方面进行总结。最后,总结了基于DNA条形码的高通量介观联接组测量技术领域的发展现状,并提出了一些未来的研究方向。

BAIAP2L2在肝癌中的表达及临床意义

脑特异性血管生成抑制剂1相关蛋白2样2(brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1-associated protein 2-like 2,BAIAP2L2)是一种上皮特异性BAR结构域蛋白,近年来被发现在多种肿瘤中高表达,然而在肝癌中的角色尚不清楚。本文通过生物信息学方法,探讨了BAIAP2L2在肝癌中的表达、生物学意义及潜在的临床应用价值,旨在为BAIAP2L2作为肝癌的新型标志物提供理论依据。文中首先从TCGA和ICGC数据库下载肝癌m RNA-seq、mi RNA-seq、DNA甲基化数据及临床病理资料,从HPA数据库获取蛋白质表达数据,以比较癌组织和癌旁组织中BAIAP2L2的表达差异,分析BAIAP2L2表达与肝癌临床病理特征的关系。随后,采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估BAIAP2L2表达水平在肝癌诊断中的性能,通过绘制生存曲线比较不同BAIAP2L2表达组患者的生存差异,并利用Cox回归计算风险比(hazard ratio,HR)。最后,利用mi RWalk数据库预测BAIAP2L2的潜在调控因子,采用TIMER数据库分析BAIAP2L2表达与肝癌组织中浸润免疫细胞的相关性,借助基因集富集分析(gene set enrichment analysis,GSEA)探讨BAIAP2L2涉及的功能通路。结果显示:BAIAP2L2在肝癌组织中的表达水平显著高于癌旁组织(P<0.001),对肝癌具有较好的诊断价值(AUC=0.891,P<0.001),且BAIAP2L2的表达水平与患者性别、T分期、甲胎蛋白(alpha fetoprotein,AFP)、临床分期和存活状态均显著相关(P<0.05);BAIAP2L2高表达患者预后更差(P<0.05),且BAIAP2L2是肝癌患者独立预后的危险因素(HR:1.522,95%CI:1.044~2.219,P<0.05);BAIAP2L2甲基化与其表达水平呈显著负相关(P<0.001),且BAIAP2L2低甲基化患者的预后更差(P<0.05);hsa-miR-99a-3p是一个可以调控BAIAP2L2表达的因子;BAIAP2L2表达与肝癌组织中B细胞、CD4~+T细胞、CD8~+T细胞、巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞和树突细胞的浸润水平均显著相关(P<0.05);BAIAP2L2在肝癌中参与调节细胞周期、p53信号通路、同源重组等通路。总之,BAIAP2L2在肝癌中高表达,其中涉及多种作用机制,可作为肝癌的潜在诊断和预后标志物。