Irritable bowel syndrome is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal diseases,with a global prevalence of about 12%[1].Modern studies have shown that the abnormality of brain-gut peptides is closely related ...Irritable bowel syndrome is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal diseases,with a global prevalence of about 12%[1].Modern studies have shown that the abnormality of brain-gut peptides is closely related to the occurrence of irritable bowel syndrome.This article starts with vasoactive intestinal peptide,substance P,serotonin,neuropeptide Y,corticotropin releasing factor,calcitonin gene-related peptide,cholecystokinin and other brain-gut peptides and their correlation with intestinal flora,to summarize the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with traditional Chinese medicine in recent years.展开更多
Insomnia has become an urgent clinical problem in modern society.Current research has found that the gut flora-gut-brain axis plays an important role in regulating insomnia.The state-target theory is a product of the ...Insomnia has become an urgent clinical problem in modern society.Current research has found that the gut flora-gut-brain axis plays an important role in regulating insomnia.The state-target theory is a product of the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and modern molecular biology technology.This paper clarifies the correlation between the state-target theory,the intestinal flora-gut-brain axis,and liver-depression-spleen-deficiency insomnia.The use of traditional Chinese medicine to regulate the structure and abundance of intestinal flora was also explored,aiming to integrate traditional Chinese medicine with Western medicine for the prevention and treatment of liver-depression-spleen-deficiency insomnia.展开更多
Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is the main pathogenic factor for upper digestive tract organic diseases.In addition to direct cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects,H.pylori infection may also induce abnormalit...Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is the main pathogenic factor for upper digestive tract organic diseases.In addition to direct cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects,H.pylori infection may also induce abnormalities indirectly by affecting the brain-gut axis,similar to other microorganisms present in the alimentary tract.The brain-gut axis integrates the central,peripheral,enteric and autonomic nervous systems,as well as the endocrine and immunological systems,with gastrointestinal functions and environmental stimuli,including gastric and intestinal microbiota.The bidirectional relationship between H.pylori infection and the brain-gut axis influences both the contagion process and the host’s neuroendocrine-immunological reaction to it,resulting in alterations in cognitive functions,food intake and appetite,immunological response,and modification of symptom sensitivity thresholds.Furthermore,disturbances in the upper and lower digestive tract permeability,motility and secretion can occur,mainly as a form of irritable bowel syndrome.Many of these abnormalities disappear following H.pylori eradication.H.pylori may have direct neurotoxic effects that lead to alteration of the brain-gut axis through the activation of neurogenic inflammatory processes,or by microelement deficiency secondary to functional and morphological changes in the digestive tract.In digestive tissue,H.pylori can alter signaling in the brain-gut axis by mast cells,the main brain-gut axis effector,as H.pylori infection is associated with decreased mast cell infiltration in the digestive tract.Nevertheless,unequivocal data concerning the direct and immediate effect of H.pylori infection on the brain-gut axis are still lacking.Therefore,further studies evaluating the clinical importance of these host-bacteria interactions will improve our understanding of H.pylori infection pathophysiology and suggest new therapeutic approaches.展开更多
AIM:To summarize and synthesize current literature on neuroimaging the brain-gut axis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).METHODS:A database search for relevant literature was conducted using Pub Med,Scopus...AIM:To summarize and synthesize current literature on neuroimaging the brain-gut axis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).METHODS:A database search for relevant literature was conducted using Pub Med,Scopus and Embase in February 2015.Date filters were applied from the year2009 and onward,and studies were limited to those written in the English language and those performed upon human subjects.The initial search yielded 797articles,out of which 38 were pulled for full text review and 27 were included for study analysis.Investigations were reviewed to determine study design,methodology and results,and data points were placed in tabular format to facilitate analysis of study findings across disparate investigations.RESULTS:Analysis of study data resulted in the abstraction of four key themes:Neurohormonal differences,anatomic measurements of brain structure and connectivity,differences in functional responsiveness of the brain during rectal distention,and confounding/correlating patient factors.Studies in this review noted alterations of glutamate in the left hippocampus(HIPP),commonalities across IBS subjects in terms of brain oscillation patterns,cortical thickness/gray matter volume differences,and neuroanatomical regions withincreased activation in patients with IBS:Anterio cingulate cortex,mid cingulate cortex,amygdala anterior insula,posterior insula and prefrontal cortex.A striking finding among interventions was the substantia influence that patient variables(e.g.,sex,psychologica and disease related factors)had upon the identification of neuroanatomical differences in structure and con nectivity.CONCLUSION:The field of neuroimaging can provide insight into underlying physiological differences that distinguish patients with IBS from a healthy population.展开更多
Several studies have largely focused on the significant role of the nervous and immune systems in the process of tumorigenesis, including tumor growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. The brain-gut-axis is a...Several studies have largely focused on the significant role of the nervous and immune systems in the process of tumorigenesis, including tumor growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. The brain-gut-axis is a new paradigm in neuroscience, which describes the biochemical signaling between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system. This axis may play a critical role in the tumorigenesis and development of GI cancers. Mechanistically, the bidirectional signal transmission of the brain-gut-axis is complex and remains to be elucidated. In this article, we review the current findings concerning the relationship between the brain-gut axis and GI cancer cells, focusing on the significant role of the brain-gut axis in the processes of tumor proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, autophagy, and metastasis. It appears that the brain might modulate GI cancer by two pathways: the anatomical nerve pathway and the neuroendocrine route. The simulation and inactivation of the central nervous, sympathetic, and parasympathetic nervous systems, or changes in the innervation of the GI tract might contribute to a higher incidence of GI cancers. In addition, neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors can produce stimulatory or inhibitory effects in the progression of GI cancers. Insights into these mechanisms may lead to the discovery of potential prognostic and therapeutic targets.展开更多
The self-consistent tilted axis cranking covariant density functional theory based on the point-coupling interaction is applied to investigate the tilted axis rotation in ^57 Mn. The observed data for band C are repro...The self-consistent tilted axis cranking covariant density functional theory based on the point-coupling interaction is applied to investigate the tilted axis rotation in ^57 Mn. The observed data for band C are reproduced well with the assigned configuration eonfig 1. The shears mechanism for magnetic rotation is examined by investigating microscopically the orientation of angular momentum and the corresponding contributions. It is found that config 1 and config 3 correspond to a rotation of high-K character. Config 2 corresponds to a rotation of magnetic character. However, due to the presence of electromagnetic transition B(M1) and B(E2), collective rotation plays an essential role in the competition with magnetic rotation.展开更多
In order to meet tracking performance index of three-axis hydraulic simulator, based on classical quantitative feedback theory (QFT), an improved QFT technique is used to synthesize controller of low gain and bandwi...In order to meet tracking performance index of three-axis hydraulic simulator, based on classical quantitative feedback theory (QFT), an improved QFT technique is used to synthesize controller of low gain and bandwidth. By choosing a special nominal plant, the improved method assigns relative magnitude and phase tracking error between system uncertainty and nominal control plant. Relative tracking error induced by system uncertainty is transformed into sensitivity problem and relative tracking error induced by nominal plant forms into a region on Nichols chart. The two constraints further form into a combined bound which is fit for magnitude and phase loop shaping. Because of leaving out pre-filter of classical QFT controller structure, tracking performance is enhanced greatly. Furthermore, a cascaded two-loop control strategy is proposed to heighten control effect. The improved technique's efficacy is validated by simulation and experiment results.展开更多
Sound propagation in a deep ocean two-axis underwater channel is often complex and difficult to simulate between surface channel and sound fixing and ranging (SOFAR) channel. The beam-displacement ray-mode (BDRM) theo...Sound propagation in a deep ocean two-axis underwater channel is often complex and difficult to simulate between surface channel and sound fixing and ranging (SOFAR) channel. The beam-displacement ray-mode (BDRM) theory is a normal mode method for propagation modeling in horizontally stratified shallow water. An improved method for computing the upper boundary reflection coefficient in the BDRM is proposed and applied to calculate the acoustic fields of a two-axis underwater channel. Transmission losses in the two-axis underwater channel are calculated in the new BDRM. The corresponding results are in good agreement with those from the Kraken code, and furthermore the computed speed of the new BDRM excels the other methods.展开更多
Based on a full vector-diffraction theory, a detailed theoretical study is carried out, aiming at providing a clear insight into the effects of different focusing and off-axis parabola parameters on far-field vector-d...Based on a full vector-diffraction theory, a detailed theoretical study is carried out, aiming at providing a clear insight into the effects of different focusing and off-axis parabola parameters on far-field vector-diffraction properties of an offaxis parabolic mirror in the presence of misalignments of the incoming beam. The physical origin of these effects is also explored. The results show that the far-field intensity profile is altered by the distortion-, coma-, and astigmatism-like aberrations, which are caused by oblique incidence rather than inherent aberrations for the off-axis configuration. The radius of 90% encircled energy also increases but does not change monotonically with incident beam size increasing, or rather,it first decreases and then increases. The focal shift strongly depends on the effective focal length and oblique incidence angle, but it is almost independent of the beam size, which affects the focusing spot patterns. The intensity distribution produces a higher astigmatic image with off-axis angle increasing. Coma-like aberration starts to become dominant with beam size increasing and results in larger curved propagation trajectory. The incident polarization also affects the intensity distribution. The variation in the Strehl ratio with oblique incidence angle strongly depends on the misalignment direction and beam size as well. In addition, we find that the difference in locus between the catacaustic and the diffraction focus in the meridian is small. But the locus of the sagittal foci is obviously different from the locus of the meridian foci and the catacaustic focus. Moreover, the peak intensity of the sagittal focus is maximum, and the ratio of the peak intensity to that in the meridian plane is approximately 1.5. Understanding these effects is valuable for assessing a practical focused intensity and describing the motion of charged particles under a strong electric field in ultraintense laser–matter interaction.展开更多
Depression is a kind of mental disorder characterized by conspicuous and persistent low mood, sustained sadness, loss of interest and forgetfulness. In traditional Chinese medicine, heart (different from the concept i...Depression is a kind of mental disorder characterized by conspicuous and persistent low mood, sustained sadness, loss of interest and forgetfulness. In traditional Chinese medicine, heart (different from the concept in Western medicine) control the emotions. Overthinking hinders the function of the spleen. Deficiency of spleen leads to lack of heart-Qi. Deficiency of the spleen also leads to dysfunction of heart. Once the heart is dysfunction, Qi will be stagnated in Danzhong(thoracic center), eventually leads to depression. In Traditional Chinese medicine, the development of depression is a heart-spleen-heart process, which can be called the "heart-spleen axis". Biomedicine studies have found that the progress of depression is mainly caused by long-term adverse stimulation of the central nervous system, which affects the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) to convey monoamine neurotransmitters, such as 5- hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and further damaged the intestinal mucosal barrier, increased its permeability, and produced a large number of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and inflammatory factors. The production of LPS and inflammatory cytokines reduces the synthesis of 5-HT by consuming tryptophan, and the decrease of 5-HT in serum results in the decrease of 5-HT levels in the brain. At the same time, changes in the intestinal microbiota alter the concentration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) via the vagal pathway, ultimately creating a vicious brain-gut- brain cycle. Kaixin Powder has the effect of invigorating spleen and eliminating dampness, awaking consciousness and inducing resuscitation, and can adjust the imbalance of gut microbiota and neurotransmitters to achieve the purpose of treating depression.展开更多
The collection of all the rough sets of an approximation space has been given several algebraic interpretations, including Stone algebras, regular double Stone algebras, semi-simple Nelson algebras, pre-rough algebras...The collection of all the rough sets of an approximation space has been given several algebraic interpretations, including Stone algebras, regular double Stone algebras, semi-simple Nelson algebras, pre-rough algebras and 3-valued Lukasiewicz algebras. A 3-valued Lukasiewicz algebra is a Stone algebra, a regular double Stone algebra, a semi-simple Nelson algebra, a pre-rough algebra. Thus, we call the algebra constructed by the collection of rough sets of an approximation space a rough 3-valued Lukasiewicz algebra.In this paper,the rough 3-valued Lukasiewicz algebras, which are a special kind of 3-valued Lukasiewicz algebras, are studied. Whether the rough 3-valued Lukasiewicz algebra is a axled 3-valued Lukasiewicz algebra is examined.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease with complex etiology.Gut microbiota influences the gutbrain axis,which may affect pathways related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.Additionally,di...Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease with complex etiology.Gut microbiota influences the gutbrain axis,which may affect pathways related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.Additionally,diet and physical activity are likely to affect the pathology of Alzheimer's disease as well as the gut microbiota.This demonstrates that it may be possible to prevent or halt the progression of Alzheimer's disease by regulating the gut microbiota using diet and physical activity strategies.Therefore,the present study reviews the association between these two interventions and gut microbiota in the human body.It also summarizes how these two interventions benefit Alzheimer's disease.Furthermore,the primary limitations of these two interventions are discussed and promising strategies are proposed,which may be beneficial to further study and develop the intervening measure for the progression of Alzheimer's disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND The mucosal barrier's immune-brain interactions,pivotal for neural development and function,are increasingly recognized for their potential causal and therapeutic relevance to irritable bowel syndrome(I...BACKGROUND The mucosal barrier's immune-brain interactions,pivotal for neural development and function,are increasingly recognized for their potential causal and therapeutic relevance to irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).Prior studies linking immune inflammation with IBS have been inconsistent.To further elucidate this relationship,we conducted a Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis of 731 immune cell markers to dissect the influence of various immune phenotypes on IBS.Our goal was to deepen our understanding of the disrupted brain-gut axis in IBS and to identify novel therapeutic targets.AIM To leverage publicly available data to perform MR analysis on 731 immune cell markers and explore their impact on IBS.We aimed to uncover immunophenotypic associations with IBS that could inform future drug development and therapeutic strategies.METHODS We performed a comprehensive two-sample MR analysis to evaluate the causal relationship between immune cell markers and IBS.By utilizing genetic data from public databases,we examined the causal associations between 731 immune cell markers,encompassing median fluorescence intensity,relative cell abundance,absolute cell count,and morphological parameters,with IBS susceptibility.Sensitivity analyses were conducted to validate our findings and address potential heterogeneity and pleiotropy.RESULTS Bidirectional false discovery rate correction indicated no significant influence of IBS on immunophenotypes.However,our analysis revealed a causal impact of IBS on 30 out of 731 immune phenotypes(P<0.05).Nine immune phenotypes demonstrated a protective effect against IBS[inverse variance weighting(IVW)<0.05,odd ratio(OR)<1],while 21 others were associated with an increased risk of IBS onset(IVW≥0.05,OR≥1).CONCLUSION Our findings underscore a substantial genetic correlation between immune cell phenotypes and IBS,providing valuable insights into the pathophysiology of the condition.These results pave the way for the development of more precise biomarkers and targeted therapies for IBS.Furthermore,this research enriches our comprehension of immune cell roles in IBS pathogenesis,offering a foundation for more effective,personalized treatment approaches.These advancements hold promise for improving IBS patient quality of life and reducing the disease burden on individuals and their families.展开更多
基金National Training Program for Backbone Talents of Clinical Characteristic Technology Inheritance of Traditional Chinese Medicine[Chinese Medicine Renjiaofa(2019)No.36]。
文摘Irritable bowel syndrome is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal diseases,with a global prevalence of about 12%[1].Modern studies have shown that the abnormality of brain-gut peptides is closely related to the occurrence of irritable bowel syndrome.This article starts with vasoactive intestinal peptide,substance P,serotonin,neuropeptide Y,corticotropin releasing factor,calcitonin gene-related peptide,cholecystokinin and other brain-gut peptides and their correlation with intestinal flora,to summarize the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with traditional Chinese medicine in recent years.
文摘Insomnia has become an urgent clinical problem in modern society.Current research has found that the gut flora-gut-brain axis plays an important role in regulating insomnia.The state-target theory is a product of the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and modern molecular biology technology.This paper clarifies the correlation between the state-target theory,the intestinal flora-gut-brain axis,and liver-depression-spleen-deficiency insomnia.The use of traditional Chinese medicine to regulate the structure and abundance of intestinal flora was also explored,aiming to integrate traditional Chinese medicine with Western medicine for the prevention and treatment of liver-depression-spleen-deficiency insomnia.
文摘Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is the main pathogenic factor for upper digestive tract organic diseases.In addition to direct cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects,H.pylori infection may also induce abnormalities indirectly by affecting the brain-gut axis,similar to other microorganisms present in the alimentary tract.The brain-gut axis integrates the central,peripheral,enteric and autonomic nervous systems,as well as the endocrine and immunological systems,with gastrointestinal functions and environmental stimuli,including gastric and intestinal microbiota.The bidirectional relationship between H.pylori infection and the brain-gut axis influences both the contagion process and the host’s neuroendocrine-immunological reaction to it,resulting in alterations in cognitive functions,food intake and appetite,immunological response,and modification of symptom sensitivity thresholds.Furthermore,disturbances in the upper and lower digestive tract permeability,motility and secretion can occur,mainly as a form of irritable bowel syndrome.Many of these abnormalities disappear following H.pylori eradication.H.pylori may have direct neurotoxic effects that lead to alteration of the brain-gut axis through the activation of neurogenic inflammatory processes,or by microelement deficiency secondary to functional and morphological changes in the digestive tract.In digestive tissue,H.pylori can alter signaling in the brain-gut axis by mast cells,the main brain-gut axis effector,as H.pylori infection is associated with decreased mast cell infiltration in the digestive tract.Nevertheless,unequivocal data concerning the direct and immediate effect of H.pylori infection on the brain-gut axis are still lacking.Therefore,further studies evaluating the clinical importance of these host-bacteria interactions will improve our understanding of H.pylori infection pathophysiology and suggest new therapeutic approaches.
基金Supported by Division of Intramural ResearchNational Institute of Nursing Research to W.A.H.No.1ZIANR000018-01-05
文摘AIM:To summarize and synthesize current literature on neuroimaging the brain-gut axis in patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).METHODS:A database search for relevant literature was conducted using Pub Med,Scopus and Embase in February 2015.Date filters were applied from the year2009 and onward,and studies were limited to those written in the English language and those performed upon human subjects.The initial search yielded 797articles,out of which 38 were pulled for full text review and 27 were included for study analysis.Investigations were reviewed to determine study design,methodology and results,and data points were placed in tabular format to facilitate analysis of study findings across disparate investigations.RESULTS:Analysis of study data resulted in the abstraction of four key themes:Neurohormonal differences,anatomic measurements of brain structure and connectivity,differences in functional responsiveness of the brain during rectal distention,and confounding/correlating patient factors.Studies in this review noted alterations of glutamate in the left hippocampus(HIPP),commonalities across IBS subjects in terms of brain oscillation patterns,cortical thickness/gray matter volume differences,and neuroanatomical regions withincreased activation in patients with IBS:Anterio cingulate cortex,mid cingulate cortex,amygdala anterior insula,posterior insula and prefrontal cortex.A striking finding among interventions was the substantia influence that patient variables(e.g.,sex,psychologica and disease related factors)had upon the identification of neuroanatomical differences in structure and con nectivity.CONCLUSION:The field of neuroimaging can provide insight into underlying physiological differences that distinguish patients with IBS from a healthy population.
文摘Several studies have largely focused on the significant role of the nervous and immune systems in the process of tumorigenesis, including tumor growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. The brain-gut-axis is a new paradigm in neuroscience, which describes the biochemical signaling between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system. This axis may play a critical role in the tumorigenesis and development of GI cancers. Mechanistically, the bidirectional signal transmission of the brain-gut-axis is complex and remains to be elucidated. In this article, we review the current findings concerning the relationship between the brain-gut axis and GI cancer cells, focusing on the significant role of the brain-gut axis in the processes of tumor proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, autophagy, and metastasis. It appears that the brain might modulate GI cancer by two pathways: the anatomical nerve pathway and the neuroendocrine route. The simulation and inactivation of the central nervous, sympathetic, and parasympathetic nervous systems, or changes in the innervation of the GI tract might contribute to a higher incidence of GI cancers. In addition, neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors can produce stimulatory or inhibitory effects in the progression of GI cancers. Insights into these mechanisms may lead to the discovery of potential prognostic and therapeutic targets.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11461141002the Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Institute of Theoretical Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No Y4KF041CJ1
文摘The self-consistent tilted axis cranking covariant density functional theory based on the point-coupling interaction is applied to investigate the tilted axis rotation in ^57 Mn. The observed data for band C are reproduced well with the assigned configuration eonfig 1. The shears mechanism for magnetic rotation is examined by investigating microscopically the orientation of angular momentum and the corresponding contributions. It is found that config 1 and config 3 correspond to a rotation of high-K character. Config 2 corresponds to a rotation of magnetic character. However, due to the presence of electromagnetic transition B(M1) and B(E2), collective rotation plays an essential role in the competition with magnetic rotation.
文摘In order to meet tracking performance index of three-axis hydraulic simulator, based on classical quantitative feedback theory (QFT), an improved QFT technique is used to synthesize controller of low gain and bandwidth. By choosing a special nominal plant, the improved method assigns relative magnitude and phase tracking error between system uncertainty and nominal control plant. Relative tracking error induced by system uncertainty is transformed into sensitivity problem and relative tracking error induced by nominal plant forms into a region on Nichols chart. The two constraints further form into a combined bound which is fit for magnitude and phase loop shaping. Because of leaving out pre-filter of classical QFT controller structure, tracking performance is enhanced greatly. Furthermore, a cascaded two-loop control strategy is proposed to heighten control effect. The improved technique's efficacy is validated by simulation and experiment results.
基金This project was supported by National Defense Research Found (No. 9140A03050206JB1501)
文摘Sound propagation in a deep ocean two-axis underwater channel is often complex and difficult to simulate between surface channel and sound fixing and ranging (SOFAR) channel. The beam-displacement ray-mode (BDRM) theory is a normal mode method for propagation modeling in horizontally stratified shallow water. An improved method for computing the upper boundary reflection coefficient in the BDRM is proposed and applied to calculate the acoustic fields of a two-axis underwater channel. Transmission losses in the two-axis underwater channel are calculated in the new BDRM. The corresponding results are in good agreement with those from the Kraken code, and furthermore the computed speed of the new BDRM excels the other methods.
基金Project supported by the Science Foundation for Youth Scholars of Minjiang University,China(Grant No.Mj9n201602)the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China。
文摘Based on a full vector-diffraction theory, a detailed theoretical study is carried out, aiming at providing a clear insight into the effects of different focusing and off-axis parabola parameters on far-field vector-diffraction properties of an offaxis parabolic mirror in the presence of misalignments of the incoming beam. The physical origin of these effects is also explored. The results show that the far-field intensity profile is altered by the distortion-, coma-, and astigmatism-like aberrations, which are caused by oblique incidence rather than inherent aberrations for the off-axis configuration. The radius of 90% encircled energy also increases but does not change monotonically with incident beam size increasing, or rather,it first decreases and then increases. The focal shift strongly depends on the effective focal length and oblique incidence angle, but it is almost independent of the beam size, which affects the focusing spot patterns. The intensity distribution produces a higher astigmatic image with off-axis angle increasing. Coma-like aberration starts to become dominant with beam size increasing and results in larger curved propagation trajectory. The incident polarization also affects the intensity distribution. The variation in the Strehl ratio with oblique incidence angle strongly depends on the misalignment direction and beam size as well. In addition, we find that the difference in locus between the catacaustic and the diffraction focus in the meridian is small. But the locus of the sagittal foci is obviously different from the locus of the meridian foci and the catacaustic focus. Moreover, the peak intensity of the sagittal focus is maximum, and the ratio of the peak intensity to that in the meridian plane is approximately 1.5. Understanding these effects is valuable for assessing a practical focused intensity and describing the motion of charged particles under a strong electric field in ultraintense laser–matter interaction.
文摘Depression is a kind of mental disorder characterized by conspicuous and persistent low mood, sustained sadness, loss of interest and forgetfulness. In traditional Chinese medicine, heart (different from the concept in Western medicine) control the emotions. Overthinking hinders the function of the spleen. Deficiency of spleen leads to lack of heart-Qi. Deficiency of the spleen also leads to dysfunction of heart. Once the heart is dysfunction, Qi will be stagnated in Danzhong(thoracic center), eventually leads to depression. In Traditional Chinese medicine, the development of depression is a heart-spleen-heart process, which can be called the "heart-spleen axis". Biomedicine studies have found that the progress of depression is mainly caused by long-term adverse stimulation of the central nervous system, which affects the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) to convey monoamine neurotransmitters, such as 5- hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and further damaged the intestinal mucosal barrier, increased its permeability, and produced a large number of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and inflammatory factors. The production of LPS and inflammatory cytokines reduces the synthesis of 5-HT by consuming tryptophan, and the decrease of 5-HT in serum results in the decrease of 5-HT levels in the brain. At the same time, changes in the intestinal microbiota alter the concentration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) via the vagal pathway, ultimately creating a vicious brain-gut- brain cycle. Kaixin Powder has the effect of invigorating spleen and eliminating dampness, awaking consciousness and inducing resuscitation, and can adjust the imbalance of gut microbiota and neurotransmitters to achieve the purpose of treating depression.
基金The 973 NationalKey BasicResearchand Development Program of China (No .2002CB312106 ) theChinaPostdoctoralScience Foundation (N o.2004035715)+1 种基金 the Science & Technology Program of Zhejiang Province in C hina(N o.2004C31098 )thePostdoctoraSlcienceFoundationofZhejiangProvinceinChina (No .2004-bsh-023).
文摘The collection of all the rough sets of an approximation space has been given several algebraic interpretations, including Stone algebras, regular double Stone algebras, semi-simple Nelson algebras, pre-rough algebras and 3-valued Lukasiewicz algebras. A 3-valued Lukasiewicz algebra is a Stone algebra, a regular double Stone algebra, a semi-simple Nelson algebra, a pre-rough algebra. Thus, we call the algebra constructed by the collection of rough sets of an approximation space a rough 3-valued Lukasiewicz algebra.In this paper,the rough 3-valued Lukasiewicz algebras, which are a special kind of 3-valued Lukasiewicz algebras, are studied. Whether the rough 3-valued Lukasiewicz algebra is a axled 3-valued Lukasiewicz algebra is examined.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171035)the major fund project of Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau(2019B10034)+4 种基金Opened-end Fund of Key Laboratory(KFJJ-202101,ZPKLP202202)Public Project of Ningbo(202002N3167)Project of Yinzhou(2022AS025)Ningbo Rehabilitation Hospital(2022KY02)sponsored by a K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University。
文摘Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease with complex etiology.Gut microbiota influences the gutbrain axis,which may affect pathways related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.Additionally,diet and physical activity are likely to affect the pathology of Alzheimer's disease as well as the gut microbiota.This demonstrates that it may be possible to prevent or halt the progression of Alzheimer's disease by regulating the gut microbiota using diet and physical activity strategies.Therefore,the present study reviews the association between these two interventions and gut microbiota in the human body.It also summarizes how these two interventions benefit Alzheimer's disease.Furthermore,the primary limitations of these two interventions are discussed and promising strategies are proposed,which may be beneficial to further study and develop the intervening measure for the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
文摘BACKGROUND The mucosal barrier's immune-brain interactions,pivotal for neural development and function,are increasingly recognized for their potential causal and therapeutic relevance to irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).Prior studies linking immune inflammation with IBS have been inconsistent.To further elucidate this relationship,we conducted a Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis of 731 immune cell markers to dissect the influence of various immune phenotypes on IBS.Our goal was to deepen our understanding of the disrupted brain-gut axis in IBS and to identify novel therapeutic targets.AIM To leverage publicly available data to perform MR analysis on 731 immune cell markers and explore their impact on IBS.We aimed to uncover immunophenotypic associations with IBS that could inform future drug development and therapeutic strategies.METHODS We performed a comprehensive two-sample MR analysis to evaluate the causal relationship between immune cell markers and IBS.By utilizing genetic data from public databases,we examined the causal associations between 731 immune cell markers,encompassing median fluorescence intensity,relative cell abundance,absolute cell count,and morphological parameters,with IBS susceptibility.Sensitivity analyses were conducted to validate our findings and address potential heterogeneity and pleiotropy.RESULTS Bidirectional false discovery rate correction indicated no significant influence of IBS on immunophenotypes.However,our analysis revealed a causal impact of IBS on 30 out of 731 immune phenotypes(P<0.05).Nine immune phenotypes demonstrated a protective effect against IBS[inverse variance weighting(IVW)<0.05,odd ratio(OR)<1],while 21 others were associated with an increased risk of IBS onset(IVW≥0.05,OR≥1).CONCLUSION Our findings underscore a substantial genetic correlation between immune cell phenotypes and IBS,providing valuable insights into the pathophysiology of the condition.These results pave the way for the development of more precise biomarkers and targeted therapies for IBS.Furthermore,this research enriches our comprehension of immune cell roles in IBS pathogenesis,offering a foundation for more effective,personalized treatment approaches.These advancements hold promise for improving IBS patient quality of life and reducing the disease burden on individuals and their families.