For decades,researchers have known that when neurons lose their activating inputs,they can atrophy and even die.For example,removing sensory nerve inputs from the arm to the spinal cord after amputation or cutting the...For decades,researchers have known that when neurons lose their activating inputs,they can atrophy and even die.For example,removing sensory nerve inputs from the arm to the spinal cord after amputation or cutting the spinal nerves can shrink the post-synaptic target zones(e.g.,Woods et al.,2000).From touch receptors for the hand and arm,primary nerve afferents enter the spinal cord,and axons travel in the dorsal columns to target the cuneate nucleus(Cu)of the brainstem on the same side of the body(Figure 1).When sensory loss is unilateral,the overwhelming result is for the associated primary target zone to shrink in total size(cross-sectional area),as compared to the size of the opposite side.展开更多
Purpose:Misophonia is not investigated much from an audiological perspective.Our study aims to examine the processing of the auditory retro-cochlear pathways in individuals with misophonia.Methods:A cross-sectional st...Purpose:Misophonia is not investigated much from an audiological perspective.Our study aims to examine the processing of the auditory retro-cochlear pathways in individuals with misophonia.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among university students who had misophonia.The revised Amsterdam Misophonia Scale was used to determine the severity of misophonia.Participants were divided into mild and moderate-severe misophonia and compared with the healthy control group.Auditory Brainstem Response testing was recorded from all the individuals with misophonia.The absolute latency,amplitude,inter-peak latency difference,and inter-rate latency difference were compared between the groups.Results:One-way ANOVA result showed no significant difference in all the parameters of auditory brainstem response between the groups.These results are suggestive of normal brainstem processing in individuals with misophonia.Conclusions:The study concludes that the auditory pathway up to brainstem areas is intact in individuals with misophonia.Further studies are essential on a larger population for generalizing the results.展开更多
According to clinical statistics,the mortality of patients with early brainstem hemorrhage is high.In this study,we established rat models of brainstem hemorrhage by injecting type Ⅶ collagenase into the right basote...According to clinical statistics,the mortality of patients with early brainstem hemorrhage is high.In this study,we established rat models of brainstem hemorrhage by injecting type Ⅶ collagenase into the right basotegmental pontine and investigated the pathological changes of early brainstem hemorrhage using multi-sequence magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological methods.We found that brainstem hematoma gradually formed in the injured rats over the first 3 days and then reduced after 7 days.The edema that occurred was mainly of the vasogenic type.No complete myelin sheath structure was found around the focus of the brainstem hemorrhage.The integrity and continuity of nerve fibers gradually deteriorated over the first 7 days.Neuronal degeneration was mild in the first 3 days and then obviously aggravated on the 7^(th)day.Inflammatory cytokines,interleukin-1β,and tumor necrosis factorαappeared on the 1st day after intracerebral hemorrhage,reached peak levels on the 3^(rd)day,and decreased from the 7^(th)day.Our findings show the characteristics of the progression of early brainstem hemorrhage.展开更多
Brainstem gliomas comprise both slow-growing and highly aggressive tumors,the latter carrying a dismal prognosis of approximately 10 months in children.Given their common locations along the brainstem,they are often n...Brainstem gliomas comprise both slow-growing and highly aggressive tumors,the latter carrying a dismal prognosis of approximately 10 months in children.Given their common locations along the brainstem,they are often not amenable to surgical resection.There are currently a host of exploratory therapies under investigation ranging from immunotherapy,small molecular inhibitors,epigenetic-modifying agents,and radiation protocols to combat these difficult-to-treat tumors.Recent discoveries highlighting the role of H3 histone mutations in diffuse midline glioma oncogenesis have yielded a variety of new targetable antigens and aberrant signaling pathways.Although many of these studies have shown promise in terms of inhibiting tumor growth and disease progression,results to date have been modest in their ability to translate into meaningful clinical benefit.This review will serve as an updated report on the current state of literature concerning pre-clinical and clinical therapies being investigated for brainstem glioma.In addition,this review will serve as a guide for clinicians as we review the evolving nomenclature of brainstem gliomas,commonly presenting symptoms,diagnostic tools,and standard therapies.展开更多
目的探讨多种听力学检测方法在听性脑干反应(ABR)最大输出未引出患儿的听力学诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析69例(138耳)ABR最大强度未引出患儿的临床资料,年龄42天到5岁,平均1岁6个月,鼓室导抗图均为A型或正向单峰,声反射均未引出,...目的探讨多种听力学检测方法在听性脑干反应(ABR)最大输出未引出患儿的听力学诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析69例(138耳)ABR最大强度未引出患儿的临床资料,年龄42天到5岁,平均1岁6个月,鼓室导抗图均为A型或正向单峰,声反射均未引出,影像学检查内耳无畸形。69例患儿均进行ABR、耳蜗微音电位(CM)、畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)和听性稳态反应(ASSR)测试。结果69例138耳中,8例16耳(11.59%)记录到CM,其中10耳(7.25%)记录到DPOAE,0.5、1、2、4 kHz ASSR反应阈值分别为83.2±13.1、82.9±13.0、75.3±12.4、63.1±9.1 dB nHL,结合其他检查结果诊断为听神经病。余61例(122耳)CM和DPOAE均未引出,0.5、1、2、4 kHz的ASSR引出率分别为82.3%、81.9%、76.9%、60.2%,其中20耳ASSR各频率均未引出,102耳至少一个频率引出,0.5、1、2、4 kHz ASSR反应阈分别为93.2±6.1、99.8±7.0、105.4±5.4、108.2±9.8 dB nHL,诊断为极重度感音神经性聋。结论对于ABR最大输出强度未引出的患儿,CM和/或DPOAE引出且ASSR各频率反应阈低于感音神经性聋患儿,有助于听神经病的诊断;CM和DPOAE均未引出有助于极重度感音神经性聋的诊断,ASSR测试有助于评估其残余听力。展开更多
目的研究正常成年人水平特异性CE-Chirp(level specific CE-Chirp,CE-Chirp LS)刺激声与Click刺激声诱发听性脑干反应(auditory brainstem response,ABR)反应阈与纯音听阈的关系及在不同声强下两种刺激声所诱发的ABR波形特点,探讨CE-Chi...目的研究正常成年人水平特异性CE-Chirp(level specific CE-Chirp,CE-Chirp LS)刺激声与Click刺激声诱发听性脑干反应(auditory brainstem response,ABR)反应阈与纯音听阈的关系及在不同声强下两种刺激声所诱发的ABR波形特点,探讨CE-Chirp LS声诱发的ABR在听觉功能客观评估中的应用价值。方法选择正常成年人21例(共42耳)分别在0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0 kHz进行纯音气导听阈测试,获取其双耳各频率的纯音听阈,分别采用CEChirp LS刺激声与Click刺激声诱发ABR,测量2种刺激声在80、60、40 dB nHL的Ⅴ波波幅,获得2种刺激声下受试者的Ⅴ波反应阈,获取其在80 dB nHL刺激强度时Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波潜伏期。按照自身对照的方法对相同刺激强度下2种刺激声诱发的ABR潜伏期及波幅差异性进行统计分析,比较2种刺激声下Ⅴ波反应阈与纯音听阈差值。结果正常成年人80、60、40 dB nHL刺激强度下,CE-Chirp LS刺激声诱发的ABR的Ⅴ波波幅均大于Click刺激声,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);CE-Chirp LS刺激声诱发的ABR的V波反应阈与纯音平均听阈差值均低于Click刺激声,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);80 dB nHL声强下CE-Chirp LS刺激声Ⅰ波潜伏期长于Click刺激声,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),CE-Chirp LS刺激声Ⅲ、Ⅴ波潜伏期与Click刺激声比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论正常成年人CE-Chirp LS刺激声与Click刺激声比较,无论在高强度还是低强度刺激下波幅均明显增大,Ⅴ波反应阈更接近于纯音听阈,更有利于纯音听阈判定,但潜伏期个体差异更大。展开更多
基金supported by National Institute of Health Grant NINDS NS16446 to JHK and NS067017 to HXQsupported by NIH NINDS NS129982 and NIH NEI EY002686 to JHK
文摘For decades,researchers have known that when neurons lose their activating inputs,they can atrophy and even die.For example,removing sensory nerve inputs from the arm to the spinal cord after amputation or cutting the spinal nerves can shrink the post-synaptic target zones(e.g.,Woods et al.,2000).From touch receptors for the hand and arm,primary nerve afferents enter the spinal cord,and axons travel in the dorsal columns to target the cuneate nucleus(Cu)of the brainstem on the same side of the body(Figure 1).When sensory loss is unilateral,the overwhelming result is for the associated primary target zone to shrink in total size(cross-sectional area),as compared to the size of the opposite side.
文摘Purpose:Misophonia is not investigated much from an audiological perspective.Our study aims to examine the processing of the auditory retro-cochlear pathways in individuals with misophonia.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among university students who had misophonia.The revised Amsterdam Misophonia Scale was used to determine the severity of misophonia.Participants were divided into mild and moderate-severe misophonia and compared with the healthy control group.Auditory Brainstem Response testing was recorded from all the individuals with misophonia.The absolute latency,amplitude,inter-peak latency difference,and inter-rate latency difference were compared between the groups.Results:One-way ANOVA result showed no significant difference in all the parameters of auditory brainstem response between the groups.These results are suggestive of normal brainstem processing in individuals with misophonia.Conclusions:The study concludes that the auditory pathway up to brainstem areas is intact in individuals with misophonia.Further studies are essential on a larger population for generalizing the results.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 2020D01A13 (to CWW)Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau, No. 2019-YF05-00511-SN (to MT)1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Nos. ZY2016102 (to MT), and ZY2016203 (to CY)
文摘According to clinical statistics,the mortality of patients with early brainstem hemorrhage is high.In this study,we established rat models of brainstem hemorrhage by injecting type Ⅶ collagenase into the right basotegmental pontine and investigated the pathological changes of early brainstem hemorrhage using multi-sequence magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological methods.We found that brainstem hematoma gradually formed in the injured rats over the first 3 days and then reduced after 7 days.The edema that occurred was mainly of the vasogenic type.No complete myelin sheath structure was found around the focus of the brainstem hemorrhage.The integrity and continuity of nerve fibers gradually deteriorated over the first 7 days.Neuronal degeneration was mild in the first 3 days and then obviously aggravated on the 7^(th)day.Inflammatory cytokines,interleukin-1β,and tumor necrosis factorαappeared on the 1st day after intracerebral hemorrhage,reached peak levels on the 3^(rd)day,and decreased from the 7^(th)day.Our findings show the characteristics of the progression of early brainstem hemorrhage.
文摘Brainstem gliomas comprise both slow-growing and highly aggressive tumors,the latter carrying a dismal prognosis of approximately 10 months in children.Given their common locations along the brainstem,they are often not amenable to surgical resection.There are currently a host of exploratory therapies under investigation ranging from immunotherapy,small molecular inhibitors,epigenetic-modifying agents,and radiation protocols to combat these difficult-to-treat tumors.Recent discoveries highlighting the role of H3 histone mutations in diffuse midline glioma oncogenesis have yielded a variety of new targetable antigens and aberrant signaling pathways.Although many of these studies have shown promise in terms of inhibiting tumor growth and disease progression,results to date have been modest in their ability to translate into meaningful clinical benefit.This review will serve as an updated report on the current state of literature concerning pre-clinical and clinical therapies being investigated for brainstem glioma.In addition,this review will serve as a guide for clinicians as we review the evolving nomenclature of brainstem gliomas,commonly presenting symptoms,diagnostic tools,and standard therapies.
文摘目的探讨多种听力学检测方法在听性脑干反应(ABR)最大输出未引出患儿的听力学诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析69例(138耳)ABR最大强度未引出患儿的临床资料,年龄42天到5岁,平均1岁6个月,鼓室导抗图均为A型或正向单峰,声反射均未引出,影像学检查内耳无畸形。69例患儿均进行ABR、耳蜗微音电位(CM)、畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)和听性稳态反应(ASSR)测试。结果69例138耳中,8例16耳(11.59%)记录到CM,其中10耳(7.25%)记录到DPOAE,0.5、1、2、4 kHz ASSR反应阈值分别为83.2±13.1、82.9±13.0、75.3±12.4、63.1±9.1 dB nHL,结合其他检查结果诊断为听神经病。余61例(122耳)CM和DPOAE均未引出,0.5、1、2、4 kHz的ASSR引出率分别为82.3%、81.9%、76.9%、60.2%,其中20耳ASSR各频率均未引出,102耳至少一个频率引出,0.5、1、2、4 kHz ASSR反应阈分别为93.2±6.1、99.8±7.0、105.4±5.4、108.2±9.8 dB nHL,诊断为极重度感音神经性聋。结论对于ABR最大输出强度未引出的患儿,CM和/或DPOAE引出且ASSR各频率反应阈低于感音神经性聋患儿,有助于听神经病的诊断;CM和DPOAE均未引出有助于极重度感音神经性聋的诊断,ASSR测试有助于评估其残余听力。
文摘目的研究正常成年人水平特异性CE-Chirp(level specific CE-Chirp,CE-Chirp LS)刺激声与Click刺激声诱发听性脑干反应(auditory brainstem response,ABR)反应阈与纯音听阈的关系及在不同声强下两种刺激声所诱发的ABR波形特点,探讨CE-Chirp LS声诱发的ABR在听觉功能客观评估中的应用价值。方法选择正常成年人21例(共42耳)分别在0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0 kHz进行纯音气导听阈测试,获取其双耳各频率的纯音听阈,分别采用CEChirp LS刺激声与Click刺激声诱发ABR,测量2种刺激声在80、60、40 dB nHL的Ⅴ波波幅,获得2种刺激声下受试者的Ⅴ波反应阈,获取其在80 dB nHL刺激强度时Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波潜伏期。按照自身对照的方法对相同刺激强度下2种刺激声诱发的ABR潜伏期及波幅差异性进行统计分析,比较2种刺激声下Ⅴ波反应阈与纯音听阈差值。结果正常成年人80、60、40 dB nHL刺激强度下,CE-Chirp LS刺激声诱发的ABR的Ⅴ波波幅均大于Click刺激声,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);CE-Chirp LS刺激声诱发的ABR的V波反应阈与纯音平均听阈差值均低于Click刺激声,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);80 dB nHL声强下CE-Chirp LS刺激声Ⅰ波潜伏期长于Click刺激声,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),CE-Chirp LS刺激声Ⅲ、Ⅴ波潜伏期与Click刺激声比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论正常成年人CE-Chirp LS刺激声与Click刺激声比较,无论在高强度还是低强度刺激下波幅均明显增大,Ⅴ波反应阈更接近于纯音听阈,更有利于纯音听阈判定,但潜伏期个体差异更大。
