按照鱼类寄生虫调查及研究方法,对额尔齐斯河(中国段)东方欧鳊(Abramis brama orientalis Berg)寄生虫种类及感染情况进行了调查研究。结果检出寄生虫8种:对盲囊线虫、复口吸虫、温氏指环虫、宽头鲤蠢绦虫、奇怪双身虫、复殖吸虫幼虫、...按照鱼类寄生虫调查及研究方法,对额尔齐斯河(中国段)东方欧鳊(Abramis brama orientalis Berg)寄生虫种类及感染情况进行了调查研究。结果检出寄生虫8种:对盲囊线虫、复口吸虫、温氏指环虫、宽头鲤蠢绦虫、奇怪双身虫、复殖吸虫幼虫、泡吻棘头虫和毛细线虫。感染率分别达43.75%,37.5%,18.75%,18.75%,14.58%,12.5%,8.33%,2.08%。奇怪双身虫经检索鉴定,为我国单殖吸虫纲铗钩虫目双身虫科的一属、种新记录。展开更多
本文报导了东方欧(鱼扁)(Abramis broma Orientalis Berg)在新疆小水域条件下胚胎发育的初步观察结果,东方欧(鱼扁)是近数十年内才由苏联引进的鱼类,目前已成为新疆的主要经济鱼种,并已引种到北京、上海等十余省市,对其胚胎发育情况及...本文报导了东方欧(鱼扁)(Abramis broma Orientalis Berg)在新疆小水域条件下胚胎发育的初步观察结果,东方欧(鱼扁)是近数十年内才由苏联引进的鱼类,目前已成为新疆的主要经济鱼种,并已引种到北京、上海等十余省市,对其胚胎发育情况及所要求的条件,尽管苏联学者已做了不少工作,但在新的水域,特别是在人工孵化条件下的胚胎发育的情况,是渔业部门急待需要了解的问题.展开更多
The reproductive biology of bream Ahramis brama （L.） was studied from 546 fish collected from the lower reaches of the Irtysh River in Xinjiang, north-west China, from March to November 2013. The overall sex ratio ...The reproductive biology of bream Ahramis brama （L.） was studied from 546 fish collected from the lower reaches of the Irtysh River in Xinjiang, north-west China, from March to November 2013. The overall sex ratio （M/F） was 1.06：1, and was not significantly different from the theoretical 1：1 ratio （P〉0.5）. However, there was a dominance of males during the pre-spawning season （ 1.33 in March and 1.56 in April, P〈0.5）, while females were dominant during the peak spawning season （0.88 in June, P〈0.5）. The monthly variation in gonadosomatic index （GSI） and proportion of gonads at each macroscopic maturity stage, indicated that A. brama spawned once a year with peak spawning occurring from late May to June. The unimodal distribution of oocyte diameter each month indicated that A. brama is a single spawner, with a high degree of spawning synchronicity. The standard lengths （SLs0） and ages （As0） at first maturity for males and females, were 178 and 204 mm, and 5.6 and 6.8 years, respectively. The mean absolute fecundity （AF） was 77 311 eggs per fish, and mean relative fecundity （RF） was 162 eggs per gram of body weight （BW）. The AF ofA. brama increased linearly with increasing of gonad weight （GW）, eviscerated weight （EW） and standard length （SL）, but was not significantly correlated with age. As, A. brama in the lower reaches of the Irtysh River reaches reproductive maturity relatively late in their life span, is mature for a short period and spawns in aggregations, this fish is vulnerable to overexploitation.展开更多
Based on two specimens collected from Sichuan Province, Yang et al. (1989) described a new subspecies of the spotted little owl (Athene brama), the belly-mottled little owl (Athene brama poikila). This subspecies has ...Based on two specimens collected from Sichuan Province, Yang et al. (1989) described a new subspecies of the spotted little owl (Athene brama), the belly-mottled little owl (Athene brama poikila). This subspecies has been acknowledged by Cheng (2000). However, Cheng (2000) also mentioned that further work should be done on this subspecies. In 2001, we checked the specimen of Athene brama poikila in Ya’an, Sichuan and comparing them with the spotted little owl and the boreal owl (Aegolius funereus). The boreal owl is identifiable from its rather square facial disc, however, this character was destroyed during the facture for these two specimens of Athene brama poikila. That is the reason Yang et al.(1989) missed them with the genus Athene. The genus Aegolius is also identifiable from the genus Athene from the character on the toes, as the toes of the boreal owl are covered with thick feathers, whereas the toes of the little owl are bristled. The toes of these two specimens of Athene brama poikila are thickly feathered, corresponding to the identification of the genus Aegolius. The morphological characters and measurements of the two specimens also correspond to the boreal owl. The habitat of the two specimens was reported as conifer deciduous forest around 2 200 m to 3 100 m, which fits the habitat of the boreal owl. The distribution of the endemic Gansu subspecies of the boreal owl (A. f. beickianus) was reported at Tiantangsi, Lianhuashan in Gansu, Guinan in Qinghai and Jiuzhaigou in Sichuan in China, it was also reported at Lahul in north India, Sun et al. (2001) suggested that it is probably the boreal owl is also distributed in the conifer forest of west Sichuan and east Tibet. The new distribution point in Baoxing and Yajiang in Sichuan corresponds to this conjecture. As a conclusion, we believe that these two specimens should belong to the A. f. beickianus of the boreal owl .展开更多
东方欧鳊(Abramis brama orientalis Berg)源于苏联咸海,我区伊犁河和额尔齐斯河均有分布,由于地理隔离的结果,两水系的东方真鳊已在形态学上出现了某些差异,为进一步探明二者间的亲缘关系,我们进行了鱼肉蛋白质含量、鱼肉氨基酸组成,LD...东方欧鳊(Abramis brama orientalis Berg)源于苏联咸海,我区伊犁河和额尔齐斯河均有分布,由于地理隔离的结果,两水系的东方真鳊已在形态学上出现了某些差异,为进一步探明二者间的亲缘关系,我们进行了鱼肉蛋白质含量、鱼肉氨基酸组成,LDH同工酶、血清蛋白等生化指标的比较研究,结果表明除了氨基酸组成及含量基本未发生变化外,其余三项指标均有显著不同,即说明两水系的东方欧鳊已出现种群间差异,至于是否已分化成两个不同的亚种,尚待进一步研究.展开更多
Objective:To study the dynamics of H_(2)O,Na,K,Ca and Mg content in the oocytes of bream,Abramis brama observed in prespawning period on breeding ground and in reply to catching,transportation and subsequent remaining...Objective:To study the dynamics of H_(2)O,Na,K,Ca and Mg content in the oocytes of bream,Abramis brama observed in prespawning period on breeding ground and in reply to catching,transportation and subsequent remaining of spawners in a cage.Methods:For research on the dynamics of H_(2)O and cations content in the oocytes of bream females,Abramis brama in the course of eggs transition from maturity Stage IV to Stage V,fishes were caught from breeding ground in the coastal zone of the Volga Reach of the Rybinsk reservoir at the Vereteya Station.For studying the influence of stress,the bream(76 individuals)were caught from breeding ground by hauling the seine during 15 min.Capture,sorting and transportation for 3 h to the ponds were the stress factors.Samples of oocytes from 6–8 fishes were taken immediately after capturing,then two more were taken during transportation.Later fishes were removed from the cage in certain time intervals.Concentration of Na and K in the dissolved samples of oocytes was measured by the spectrometer(Flapho-4,Carl Zeiss,Iena,Germany)and content of Ca and Mg was measured by atomic-absorption spectrometer-1(the same producer).Results:In natural conditions before spawning in the course of maturation of oocytes from maturity Stage IV to V,H_(2)O content in the ovicells of bream has increased by 3.3%and concentration of Na,K,Ca and Mg has decreased by 24.9%,38.1%,56.2%and 65.7%,accordingly.Stress caused by capturing,transportation and the subsequent remaining of bream spawners in a cage did not change parameters of water-salt exchange of the oocytes.Conclusions:In natural conditions before spawning,the maturation of oocytes of bream from maturity Stage IV to V take place.Stress caused by capturing,transportation and the subsequent remaining of bream spawners in a cage prevents the transition of eggs from maturity Stage IV to V.It is suggested that in order to develop optimal technique stimulating oocytes maturation and the process of ovulation in industrial conditions,study of these reactions of spawners of one or another species in natural environment is preferentially conducted.Conditions of incubation and combination of hormonal preparations selected on the basis of these data should invoke similar effects as the ones spawners experience in natural habitat.展开更多
文摘按照鱼类寄生虫调查及研究方法,对额尔齐斯河(中国段)东方欧鳊(Abramis brama orientalis Berg)寄生虫种类及感染情况进行了调查研究。结果检出寄生虫8种:对盲囊线虫、复口吸虫、温氏指环虫、宽头鲤蠢绦虫、奇怪双身虫、复殖吸虫幼虫、泡吻棘头虫和毛细线虫。感染率分别达43.75%,37.5%,18.75%,18.75%,14.58%,12.5%,8.33%,2.08%。奇怪双身虫经检索鉴定,为我国单殖吸虫纲铗钩虫目双身虫科的一属、种新记录。
文摘本文报导了东方欧(鱼扁)(Abramis broma Orientalis Berg)在新疆小水域条件下胚胎发育的初步观察结果,东方欧(鱼扁)是近数十年内才由苏联引进的鱼类,目前已成为新疆的主要经济鱼种,并已引种到北京、上海等十余省市,对其胚胎发育情况及所要求的条件,尽管苏联学者已做了不少工作,但在新的水域,特别是在人工孵化条件下的胚胎发育的情况,是渔业部门急待需要了解的问题.
基金Supported by the Special Funds for the Foundation Work of Science and Technology(No.2012FY112700)
文摘The reproductive biology of bream Ahramis brama （L.） was studied from 546 fish collected from the lower reaches of the Irtysh River in Xinjiang, north-west China, from March to November 2013. The overall sex ratio （M/F） was 1.06：1, and was not significantly different from the theoretical 1：1 ratio （P〉0.5）. However, there was a dominance of males during the pre-spawning season （ 1.33 in March and 1.56 in April, P〈0.5）, while females were dominant during the peak spawning season （0.88 in June, P〈0.5）. The monthly variation in gonadosomatic index （GSI） and proportion of gonads at each macroscopic maturity stage, indicated that A. brama spawned once a year with peak spawning occurring from late May to June. The unimodal distribution of oocyte diameter each month indicated that A. brama is a single spawner, with a high degree of spawning synchronicity. The standard lengths （SLs0） and ages （As0） at first maturity for males and females, were 178 and 204 mm, and 5.6 and 6.8 years, respectively. The mean absolute fecundity （AF） was 77 311 eggs per fish, and mean relative fecundity （RF） was 162 eggs per gram of body weight （BW）. The AF ofA. brama increased linearly with increasing of gonad weight （GW）, eviscerated weight （EW） and standard length （SL）, but was not significantly correlated with age. As, A. brama in the lower reaches of the Irtysh River reaches reproductive maturity relatively late in their life span, is mature for a short period and spawns in aggregations, this fish is vulnerable to overexploitation.
文摘Based on two specimens collected from Sichuan Province, Yang et al. (1989) described a new subspecies of the spotted little owl (Athene brama), the belly-mottled little owl (Athene brama poikila). This subspecies has been acknowledged by Cheng (2000). However, Cheng (2000) also mentioned that further work should be done on this subspecies. In 2001, we checked the specimen of Athene brama poikila in Ya’an, Sichuan and comparing them with the spotted little owl and the boreal owl (Aegolius funereus). The boreal owl is identifiable from its rather square facial disc, however, this character was destroyed during the facture for these two specimens of Athene brama poikila. That is the reason Yang et al.(1989) missed them with the genus Athene. The genus Aegolius is also identifiable from the genus Athene from the character on the toes, as the toes of the boreal owl are covered with thick feathers, whereas the toes of the little owl are bristled. The toes of these two specimens of Athene brama poikila are thickly feathered, corresponding to the identification of the genus Aegolius. The morphological characters and measurements of the two specimens also correspond to the boreal owl. The habitat of the two specimens was reported as conifer deciduous forest around 2 200 m to 3 100 m, which fits the habitat of the boreal owl. The distribution of the endemic Gansu subspecies of the boreal owl (A. f. beickianus) was reported at Tiantangsi, Lianhuashan in Gansu, Guinan in Qinghai and Jiuzhaigou in Sichuan in China, it was also reported at Lahul in north India, Sun et al. (2001) suggested that it is probably the boreal owl is also distributed in the conifer forest of west Sichuan and east Tibet. The new distribution point in Baoxing and Yajiang in Sichuan corresponds to this conjecture. As a conclusion, we believe that these two specimens should belong to the A. f. beickianus of the boreal owl .
文摘东方欧鳊(Abramis brama orientalis Berg)源于苏联咸海,我区伊犁河和额尔齐斯河均有分布,由于地理隔离的结果,两水系的东方真鳊已在形态学上出现了某些差异,为进一步探明二者间的亲缘关系,我们进行了鱼肉蛋白质含量、鱼肉氨基酸组成,LDH同工酶、血清蛋白等生化指标的比较研究,结果表明除了氨基酸组成及含量基本未发生变化外,其余三项指标均有显著不同,即说明两水系的东方欧鳊已出现种群间差异,至于是否已分化成两个不同的亚种,尚待进一步研究.
基金Supported by the budgetary state project:Studying of adaptations of organisms,populations,communities of aquatic organisms and modeling ecosystems to environmental factors(State Registration No.01201351909).
文摘Objective:To study the dynamics of H_(2)O,Na,K,Ca and Mg content in the oocytes of bream,Abramis brama observed in prespawning period on breeding ground and in reply to catching,transportation and subsequent remaining of spawners in a cage.Methods:For research on the dynamics of H_(2)O and cations content in the oocytes of bream females,Abramis brama in the course of eggs transition from maturity Stage IV to Stage V,fishes were caught from breeding ground in the coastal zone of the Volga Reach of the Rybinsk reservoir at the Vereteya Station.For studying the influence of stress,the bream(76 individuals)were caught from breeding ground by hauling the seine during 15 min.Capture,sorting and transportation for 3 h to the ponds were the stress factors.Samples of oocytes from 6–8 fishes were taken immediately after capturing,then two more were taken during transportation.Later fishes were removed from the cage in certain time intervals.Concentration of Na and K in the dissolved samples of oocytes was measured by the spectrometer(Flapho-4,Carl Zeiss,Iena,Germany)and content of Ca and Mg was measured by atomic-absorption spectrometer-1(the same producer).Results:In natural conditions before spawning in the course of maturation of oocytes from maturity Stage IV to V,H_(2)O content in the ovicells of bream has increased by 3.3%and concentration of Na,K,Ca and Mg has decreased by 24.9%,38.1%,56.2%and 65.7%,accordingly.Stress caused by capturing,transportation and the subsequent remaining of bream spawners in a cage did not change parameters of water-salt exchange of the oocytes.Conclusions:In natural conditions before spawning,the maturation of oocytes of bream from maturity Stage IV to V take place.Stress caused by capturing,transportation and the subsequent remaining of bream spawners in a cage prevents the transition of eggs from maturity Stage IV to V.It is suggested that in order to develop optimal technique stimulating oocytes maturation and the process of ovulation in industrial conditions,study of these reactions of spawners of one or another species in natural environment is preferentially conducted.Conditions of incubation and combination of hormonal preparations selected on the basis of these data should invoke similar effects as the ones spawners experience in natural habitat.
