Effects of Full-Element Bio-Organic Fertilizer on Growth,Yield,and Rhizosphere Soil Nutrients of Pepper

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of self-developed full-element bio-organic fertilizer on the growth,yield,and rhizosphere soil nutrients of pepper.Four treatments were designed,including full-element bio-organic fertilizer+conventional fertilizer reduced by 50%(T1),inactivated full-element bio-organic fertilizer+conventional fertilizer reduced by 50%(T2),conventional fertilizer(T3),and no fertilizer(CK).The results showed that T1 significantly increased the plant height,crown width,fruit number per plant,and yield of pepper.T1 had higher pH value,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium in the rhizosphere soil than T3 and CK,and it had higher available phosphorus and available potassium than T2.The disease index of bacterial wilt in T1 was 21.74,which was 10.37,20.19,and 35.48 lower than T2,T3,and CK,respectively.The control effect of T1 reached 56.71%.The above results indicated that whole bio-organic fertilizer promoted the growth to improve the yield and benefit of pepper.Moreover,the fertilizer activated soil nutrients to improve soil fertility and reduced soil-borne diseases.Therefore,the full-element bio-organic fertilizer can be promoted in the pepper fields with continuous cropping obstacles.

Effects of Seaweed Bio-organic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of seaweed bio-or- ganic fertilizer on yield and quality of winter wheat. [Method] Seaweed bio-organic fertilizer was applied to leaves of winter wheat according to the dose of 45 kg/hm^2 from jointing stage to maturing stage, and plant height, dry matter accumulation, flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat were investigated. [Result] Foliar spraying of seaweed bio-organic fertilizer showed little effect on plant height of winter wheat, thickened stems, promoted dry matter accumulation, in- creased flag leaf photosynthetic rate by 3.16%, and increased yield of winter wheat by 6.85%. [Conclusion] Foliar spraying of seaweed bio-organic fertilizer promoted the intelligent growth, thickened the stems, improved the lodging resistance, significantly increased the panicle weight per plant, and increased the bulk density of winter wheat, as well as improving the physical quality of wheat grain. In addition, foliar spraying of seaweed bio-organic fertilizer promoted the synthesis of chlorophyll and mitigated the decomposition of chlorophyll in winter wheat. Under the background of fertilizer-pesticide double reduction, the test results and data of this study can be promoted in the wheat-growing areas of Shandong Province and even whole China.

Characters of Bio-organic Fertilizer and Trails on Its Effect When Applied to Peach

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of bio-organic fertilizer and its effect when applied to peach.[Method] Through launching demonstration trial on the application of bio-organic fertilizer in the major fruit producing areas in Liaoning Province,the effects of bio-organic fertilizer on peach growth and soil were investigated.[Results] After application of bio-organic fertilizer,both the peach yield and fruit quality were improved to some extent,of which yields was increased by 16.4％ compared with the control,and vitamin C and total sugar contents were also significantly increased; application of bio-organic fertilizer also improved the contents of total nitrogen,rapidly available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter in soil,and reduced the soil volume weight.[Conclusion] Bioorganic fertilizer can significantly improve fruit yield and quality,as well as improving orchard soil and protecting the environment,thus possessing a bright application prospect in the production of green fruits.

Effects of Liquid Seaweed Bio-organic Fertilizer on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Vegetables

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer on seed germination and seedling growth of different vegetables. [Method] Serial dilution concentrations of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer were prepared for seed soaking and pot incubation of cucumber, tomato and chili, to ob- serve the effects of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer on seed germination and seedling growth of vegetables. [Result] Compared with the control, germination rate of cucumber and tomato seeds applied with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fer- tilizer varied significantly; germination rate of chili seeds applied with 400-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer varied significantly; germination energy and germination index of chili seeds applied with different dilution concentrations of liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer presented no significant differences. In addition, 200-fold and 400-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer significantly improved the root length, plant height, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, chlorophyll content and leaf area of cucumber, tomato and chili seedlings; after treated with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer, root length, chlorophyll content and leaf area of cucumber seedlings varied significantly compared with the control, but no significant differences were observed in plant height, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight; after treated with 600-fold liquid seaweed bio-organic fertilizer, root length, chlorophyll content, plant height, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight of chili and tomato varied sig- nificantly compared with the control, but no significant differences were observed in leaf area. [Conclusion] Soaking vegetable seeds with liquid seaweed bio-organic fer- tilizer can significantly improve seed generation rate and seedling growth.

Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer with Antagonistic Bacteria against Tobacco Bacterial Wilt on Soil Microbial Communities and Disease Resistance of Tobacco

In this study, the effects of bio-organic fertilizer with antagonistic bacteria against tobacco bacterial wilt on soil microbial communities and disease resist- ance of tobacco were investigated by field experiment. The results showed that the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt in bio-organic fertilizer treatments （T3 and T4） decreased remarkably among four treatments in the field. Compared with the local conventional fertilization group, the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt was re- duced by 21.9% and 25.0% in T3 and T4, respectively ; the yield of flue-cured tobacco was improved by 5.7% and 5.3%, respectively ; the proportion of mid- high grade tobacco leaves increased by 2.3% and 2.6%, respectively. After application of bio-organie fertilizer with antagonistic bacteria against tobacco bacterial wilt, rhizosphere soil microbial communities exhibited vast amount and abundant species ; the amount of rhizosphere soil bacteria of infected tobacco plants was im- proved by 218.5% with fewer species. It could be concluded that the application of bio-organic fertilizer with antagonistic bacteria against tobacco bacterial wilt could improve the ecological environment of tobacco field, inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, decrease the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt, and enhance the quality of flue-cured tobacco. This study laid the foundation for further ecological prevention and control of soil-borne diseases of tobacco.

Effects of Partial Replacement of Chemical Fertilizer by Bio-organic Fertilizer Kunyijian on Yield and Quality of Tobacco Leaves

To explore the application effect of bio-organic fertilizer Kunyijian in flue-cured tobacco and provide scientific basis for its application in production,a plot trial was conducted with K326,a flue-cured tobacco variety,in the Science and Technology Test Base of Xundian County,Yunnan.Taking local fertilizer consumption(control 1)and 70%local fertilizer consumption(control 2)as controls,the following replacement groups were designed:under uniformly replacement 70%local fertilizer consumption,(i)organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg),+600 kg/ha,+900 kg/ha,+1200 kg/ha,+1500 kg/ha Kunyijian;(ii)organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=40∶1(kg),+900 kg/ha Kunyijian.The results show that in the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+1200 kg/ha Kunyijian[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)],the comprehensive performance of flue-cured tobacco was significantly better than that in the control groups,the yield of tobacco leaves reached 2237.1 kg/ha,the output value was 45505.2 yuan/ha,and the average price of the tobacco leaves was 20.53 yuan/kg.The performance of flue-cured tobacco in the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+1500 kg/ha Kunyijian ranked second.The performance of other fertilization treatments was not good,but it did not differ significantly from that of control 1.In terms of chemical composition of tobacco leaves,partial replacement of chemical fertilizer by bio-organic fertilizer Kunyijian,was beneficial to increase the sugar content and reduce the nicotine and total nitrogen contents in tobacco leaves,especially the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+900 kg/ha Kunyijian[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)],and it was also beneficial to increase the chlorine content in tobacco leaves,especially the treatment of 70%local fertilizer consumption+1500 kg/ha Kunyijian[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)].Therefore,it is feasible to use the bio-organic fertilizer Kunyijian to replace 30%of chemical fertilizer in tobacco production.The rate is recommended to be 900-1500 kg/ha[organic fertilizer∶microbial agent=80∶1(kg)].It is suggested to further strengthen the demonstration and promotion of Kunyijian.

Application of Bio-organic Fertilizer Containing High-efficient Nitrogen-fixing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on Strawberry

With strawberry as a test material,the effects of the bio-organic fertilizer containing high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on nutrient contents in strawberry-planted soil,wilt occurrence and strawberry yield and quality were studied by a plot experiment,so as to provide reference for scientific use of the bio-organic fertilizer and green production of strawberry.The results showed that after hole-applying the bio-organic fertilizer at a rate of 22.5 t/hm^2,the contents of NH^+_4-N,available P,available K and organic matter did not change much with time;and when replacing 50%of chemical fertilizers with the bio-organic fertilizer at a rate of 11.25 t/hm^2(K_3),the contents of NH^+_4-N and available P in the soil did not change much with time,and the contents of available K and organic matter decreased slightly with time,but were both higher than the CK(the unfertilized treatment).Meanwhile,the disease index values of strawberry wilt disease in treatments K_2 and K_3were significantly lower than those of the CK and the conventional fertilization treatment(K_1),and the vitamin C contents of strawberry fruit in the two treatments were significantly higher than that of the CK.The yield determination showed that the cumulative yields of treatments K_2 and K_3 increased by 9.8% and 3.3%,respectively,and the increase rates of the early yields(before the Spring Festival)were 30.6% and 21.9%,respectively.Therefore,the application of the bio-organic fertilizer can replace chemical fertilizers,and can achieve the effects of reducing the occurrence of wilt,improving the early yield of fruit commodity and improving fruit quality.

Application Effect of Bio-organic Fertilizer on Chuanzhu 16

Through the application of bio-organic fertilizer on Chuanzhuo 16, the re- sults showed that the yield could reach 185.23 kg in treatment with bio-organic fer- tilizer, 40.22 kg more than the conventional fertilization, and the yield increase rate reached up to 27.7%.

Effects of Bioorganic Fertilizers on the Leaf Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Replanted Szechuan Pepper, Zanthoxylum simulans

Continuous cropping obstacles hamper the efficient growth and yield of Szechuan pepper,Zanthoxylum simulans.The current study investigated the impact of different levels of bioorganic fertilizer on the leaf physiological and photosynthetic characteristics of Z.simulans to provide a theoretical reference for continuous Z.simulans crop cultivation.A bioorganic fertilizer was used to treat seedlings growing in 25-year-old continuous cropping soil.Five fertilizer treatments were applied.The impacts of the treatments on the activity of defense enzyme and photosynthetic parameters of Z.simulans leaves were determined.The different concentrations of bioorganic fertilizer reduced to varying degrees the malondialdehyde(MDA)content and intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci),and increased the activity of peroxidase(POD),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and ascorbate peroxidase(APX),as well as the chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs)and transpiration rate(Tr)of Z.simulans leaves.The results showed that most significant increases or decreases were achieved with 100 g/L bioorganic fertilizer(Y2).Thus,the application of bioorganic fertilizer at a rate of 100 g/L can significantly improve the activity of relevant defense enzymes and photosynthetic parameters of Z.simulans,and reduce the MDA content,enhancing the stress resistance of the plants,promoting their growth and addressing,to some extent,obstacles associated with continuous cultivation.

我国南方地区钾肥使用及市场调查研究分析

研究我国南方地区钾肥使用与市场需求情况,为稳定和恢复钾肥市场供需平衡提供决策依据。2011年,选取农用钾肥代表性较强的湖南和广东两省6个地区的200名县、乡经销商和400名农户作为调查基础,经过电话采访和实地走访调研,综合分析了我国南方地区农户钾肥使用的现状与需求变化情况。结果表明,1)氮磷钾复混肥正在成为替代农用钾肥的首要产品;2)当前农用钾肥终端市场价格相对合理,处于农户可以接受区间的上限;3)经销商对单一钾肥的推广意愿正在下降;4)经济作物种植农户和种植承包大户是促进农用钾肥需求恢复的主要目标群体;5)产品品牌是影响农户对农用钾肥的购买因素之一。因此,我国南方地区钾肥使用与市场需求要进一步梳理经营渠道,发挥县、乡级经销商的网络及配送作用,以经济作物种植农户和种植承包大户为重点培养对象,稳定和恢复钾肥市场与需求。

施用酵素菌有机肥对番茄生长和产量的影响

在柴达木地区番茄的种植中,进行单因素四水平的酵素菌有机肥的基肥试验。结果表明:酵素菌有机肥作为基肥可以明显促进番茄茎粗、单果重、果实横径生长、增加单株结果数,能明显提高番茄的小区产量、总糖含量、维生素含量。其最佳施用量为3600 kg/hm2+农家肥30000 kg/hm2+磷酸二铵375 kg/hm2。

云南“富农兴业”牌肥料在西葫芦生产中的肥效试验

以"法国多丽"西葫芦为栽培对象,以"富农兴业"牌大量元素水溶肥为试验主施肥料,以常规肥料为对照,研究了"富农兴业"牌大量元素水溶肥和常规肥料对西葫芦生物学特性、营养品质、产量和成本效益的影响。结果表明:施用"富农兴业"牌水溶肥的处理株高、单果长、单果粗、单果质量和单株结果数均显著高于施用常规肥料的处理。施用"富农兴业"牌大量元素水溶肥能够显著提高西葫芦的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和维生素C的含量。从各个处理来看,施用"高氮型"肥水溶液2.0kg/株为基肥,"高钾型"肥水溶液2.0kg/株为追肥处理对西葫芦生物学特性影响最大,效果最显著。施用"高氮型"肥水溶液2.0kg/株为茎肥,"高钾型"肥水溶液1.5kg/株为追肥处理的增产效果最好。

地理标志品牌参与对农产品质量安全的影响研究

地理标志品牌建设可以有效传递农产品市场信息,激励农户绿色生产行为,提升农产品质量安全。利用湖北省优质水稻生产区的1193份农户微观调查数据,以单位面积化肥和农药使用量为例,利用倾向得分匹配法评估了农户地理标志品牌参与对农产品质量安全的影响,并利用中介模型揭示其影响路径。结果发现:(1)影响农户地理标志品牌参与的因素主要有年龄、受教育程度、家庭收入、生产规模、耕地质量、生产组织形式、稻谷价格、农药残留检测等;(2)农户参与地理标志品牌减少水稻化肥使用量16.29~16.90千克/亩,减少农药使用量17.64~18.19克/亩。(3)地理标志品牌参与主要通过品牌溢价和品牌维护两条路径影响农户当下和未来的市场收益,继而减少化肥农药使用量,提升农产品质量安全。因此,建议建设更多的绿色地理标志品牌,协同推进农产品品牌化和化肥农药减量化目标,积极提升农户地理标志品牌维护意识,完善绿色农产品溢价市场机制,实现农业绿色高质量发展。

海精灵牌叶面肥对葡萄品质和产量的影响

以碧香无核葡萄为试材,研究了海精灵牌叶面肥对其品质和产量的影响。结果表明:以处理C的穗长最长,其果实横径和纵径最大,各处理与对照之间差异达到显著水平,较对照组分别增加3.770、0.315和0.594 cm。海精灵肥料对葡萄的穗重、粒重均有明显影响,其中处理C与对照组存在极显著差异,较对照组每穗分别增加78.31、.0 g。施用海精灵肥料明显增加了可溶性固形物含量。其中处理C与对照组存在极显著差异,可溶性固形物含量较对照组增加了6.75%。

玉米应用壮园牌生态菌肥试验效果分析

对壮园牌生态菌肥在玉米上的应用效果进行了研究。结果表明:各处理都具有促根壮苗,加快玉米生育进程,增加玉米株高、穗长、穗粒数、百粒重和产量的作用,且以处理1即45%西洋复合肥35.0 kg+生态菌肥2 kg作底肥表现最好,平均增产12.0%。

转轨时期我国化肥企业的品牌战略模式选择

在回顾品牌战略理论基础上,总结与归纳出可供转轨时期我国化肥企业选择的5种基本战略模式:采取品牌延伸的单一品牌战略模式、采取品牌延伸的主副品牌战略模式、构建品牌组合架构的多品牌战略模式、品牌并购战略模式、品牌国际化战略模式,并从优点、缺点与使用条件对它们进行了比较研究。

转轨时期我国化肥企业的品牌建设路径

在品牌经济学基本理论基础上,通过构建化肥的终点消费者即种植农户的选择模式探讨了商标与品牌的不同,并在此基础上,从已有产品的品牌建设路径和新产品的品牌建设路径2个方面归纳与总结了转轨时期我国化肥企业品牌建设的8种路径。

酵素有机肥对辣椒产量及品质的影响

在柴达木地区辣椒的种植中进行单因素4水平的酵素菌有机肥的试验。结果表明:在试验区的日光温室内常规辣椒施肥量(农家肥30000kg/hm2+磷酸二铵300kg/hm2)的基础上,"禾肥宝"牌酵素菌有机肥作为基肥可以明显促进辣椒茎粗、单株结果数、单果重、果实横径,并且以3600kg/hm2施肥量的促进作用最大。

红中牌生物有机肥在棉花上的应用效果

田间试验结果表明，棉花施用红中牌生物有机肥比对照处理（当地施肥模式）的籽棉产量明显增加，增产幅度为2．32％-10．43％，纯收入增长率为6．73％-24．59％。在施用红中肥的3个处理中，单纯施红中肥的方式比施“红中肥＋化肥”的方式效果更好。

Effects of <i>Bacillus cereus</i>F-6 on Promoting Vanilla (<i>Vanilla planifolia</i>Andrews.) Plant Growth and Controlling Stem and Root Rot Disease

A lipopeptide-producing bacterium, Bacillus cereus (F-6), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a healthy vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) plant cultivated on a plantation under 21 years of continuous cropping with vanilla. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the green fluorescent protein-tagged F-6 (F-6-gfp) and its bio-organic fertilizer (BIO) on vanilla plant growth and stem and root rot disease, using the same plantation soil. The application of BIO significantly increased the vanilla plant root, stem and leave dry weights;however, there was not a significant difference between the F-6-gfp-inoculated treatment and the control. Meanwhile, the BIO application also significantly reduced the severity of stem and root rot disease compared to the control. The rhizosphere soil population of Fusarium was approximately 10-fold smaller in the BIO treatment compared to the control treatment at 150 days after transplantation. The number of B. cereus F-6-gfp in the rhizosphere soil of the BIO treatment remained significantly higher than that of the F-6-gfp-inoculated treatment throughout the experiment. In conclusion, F-6-gfp successfully colonized the rhizosphere soil in the BIO treatment, promoting vanilla plant growth, reducing the disease severity index, and decreasing the Fusarium population number, helping to remove barriers to the continuous cropping of vanilla.