LATE QUATERNARY ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES IN THE ANTARCTIC AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH GLOBAL CHANGE

Two ingressions occurred in the last glacial interstadial (50,00-25,000 a BP) and Holocene optimum (7,500-5,000 a BP) periods in Antercticregion. The grea expansion of Antarcic Ice Sheet appeared at last glacialmaximum (18,000 a BP) when Antarctic sea level was 100- 150 m lower thanthat at presat. Three times of glacial advances and rotreas occurred on thefront of Antarctic Ice Shed since 3,000 a BP. All these phenomena werecoordinated with global changes. In the past decades, records from Antercticice-free areas and ice cores testified that mvironmedl and climatic changesin Antarctic region have been coordinated with global changes since latePlelstocene. In the past decades, Antarctic inland was a little warming up andthe fron of the ice shed was slowly melting and ratreating due to the increaseof CO2 content in the atmosphere. The greenhouse effect will cause AntercticIce Sheet (especially on the ice shelves) to be partly melting away, but can notdestroy it. In this case the amplitude of sea level rise caused by the melting ofAntarctic ice will be less than 0.2 m within the coming five decades.

Robust scheme of global parallel force/position regulators for robot manipulators under environment uncertainty

A simple robust scheme of parallel force/position control is proposed in this paper to deal with two problems for non-planar constraint surface and nonlinear mechanical feature of environment： i） uncertainties in environment that are usually not available or difficult to be determined in most practical situations; ii） stability problem or/and integrator windup due to the integration of force error in the force dominance rule in parallel force/position control. It shows that this robust scheme is a good alternative for anti-windup. In the presence of environment uncertainties, global asymptotic stability of the resulting closed-loop system is guaranteed; it environment with complex characteristics. Finally, numerical robot manipulator. also shows robustness of the proposed controller to uncertain simulation verifies results via contact task of a two rigid-links

Relationship between urban eco-environment and competitiveness with the background of globalization: Statistical explanation based on industry type newly classified with environment demand and environment pressure

Within the global urban system, the statistical relationship between urban eco-environment(UE) and urban competitiveness(UC)(RUEC) is researched. Data showed that there is a statistically inverted-U relationship between UE and UC. Eco-environmental factor is put into the classification of industries, and gets six industrial types by two indexes viz. industries' eco-environmental demand and pressure. The statistical results showed that there is a strong relationship, for new industrial classification, between the changes of industrial structure and evolvement of UE. The drive mechanism of the evolvement of urban eco-environment, with human demand and global work division was analyzed. The conclusion is that the development stratege, industrial policies of cities, and environmental policies fo cities must be fit with their ranks among the global urban system. At the era of globalization, so far as the environmental policies, their rationality could not be assessed with the level of strictness, but it can enhance cities' competitiveness when they are fit with cities' capabilities to attract and control some sections of the industry's value-chain. None but these kinds of environmental policies can probably enhance the UC.

Exploring Global Demands for Integrating Social Aspects into Community Healthcare: A Literature Review

Aging and crises like pandemics and climate change are global concerns that affect community environments. These social and natural changes influence people’s health worldwide. Aging impacts human health, including physical and mental aspects, and increases the need for care. Recent crises have affected not only the elderly but also younger populations, necessitating further efforts to develop a systematic community strategy. The goal of such a strategy is to maintain or enhance people’s well-being. As we face aging and crises like pandemics and climate change, it becomes essential to consider health holistically and globally, taking into account the community environment and social determinants without boundaries. The present study aimed to explore the necessary aspects of incorporating social determinants into clinical practice, enabling healthcare providers to view health from a holistic and planetary perspective. This approach facilitates the development of integrated community strategies. The study reviewed literature from PubMed, MEDLINE, and CINAHL databases, focusing on medicine, health, and welfare. An electronic search for English-language articles in peer-reviewed journals was conducted up to July 2024, using search terms such as “holistic health,” “planetary health,” and “social determinants.” Eight articles were identified through the search. After excluding three based on their titles, abstracts, and full texts, five articles were selected. The research focused on three areas: perceiving health in ecosystems, considering health-related policy in clinical situations, and addressing health in primary care settings. This study emphasizes the need for further research on innovative, integrated community strategies in the context of a globally aging society, focusing on non-medical aspects like pandemics, climate change, and social determinants to achieve a holistic and planetary understanding of people’s health. It suggests that understanding the social aspects of ecosystems in clinical settings, through interdisciplinary collaboration, is crucial for developing systematic community strategies for people’s well-being life in medical, health, and welfare contexts.

Global environment- and space-richness ranking relationships: The effects of interaction and high-order terms of explanatory variables

In the present study, the interplay and higher-order terms of environmental and spatial variables are considered to evaluate the relations of environment and space-species richness rankings at global scale. Three taxonomic groups composed of mammals, birds and amphibians were analyzed for the study. Thek-means clustering method was introduced for richness rankings detection and analysis from published digital maps;and simple regression analysis and AIC criteria were used for identifying mostimportant correlated explanatory variables.When comparing each single variable, I found that latitude was the most important one influencing global vertebrate richness rankings. When onlyconsidering environmental variables, I foundthat precipitation was the only predictor of vertebrate richness rankings. However, when the interaction and high-order terms of different independent variables were considered, it was found that the interaction between latitude and temperature could better explain the global bird richness ranking, while the second-power effectof latitude was the best predictor for amphibianand mammalian richness rankings, as evidenced by the AIC model selection and comparison among the regression models. In conclusion, the inclusion of high-order and interaction terms of environmental and spatial variables could offer more insights into the understanding of global species diversity patterns.

The Global Educational Environment Within Global Management of Knowledge

The previous studies have outlined the major theoretical perspectives that have been developed within the global education of planning development. They have explored the application of these perspectives to the central substantive theme emerging from global educational analysis of planning organisation and behaviour, that is, the process of managerial control. This study focuses upon the global educational environment within global management of knowledge and substantive parameters set by the previous studies. It carries out this task in a number of respects. First, it reviews the various explanations that have been offered for the historical development of modern planning--both as a unique organisational form and as a distinctive educational worldview. Second, it considers various conceptions of managerial work that have evolved within educational analysis since the inception of the corporate system enters into global education societies during the early years of the 21st century. Third, it assesses the implications of empirical research on the three major levels of planning that haw： crystallised within contemporary corporate hierarchies. These are made up by the elite group of staffs and senior lecturers, and the middle strata of line workers, who are the superintendents of production. A concluding section evaluates the general contribution educational analysis has made to our understanding of the nature of managerial work.

Shifting Sands： A Review of Global Trends in the Current Business Environment and a Preview into the Future

The paper highlights some of the changes that are taking place across the entire spectrum of business environment with an objective of understanding this new context. Politics is changing to reflect shifts in economics which is simultaneously causing social strife and unrest. Technology has disrupted many business models and with rapid advancements will change the way we live, work, and interact with each other. So much so that this new reality is being termed as the fourth industrial revolution. We are clearly on the edges of the new times but are trying to make sense of it all ironically with a mindset which is anchored in the past. To be future ready, the future has to be forecasted or imagined or even willed by the collective consciousness of humanity. This paper has captured the changes through extensive research and personal insights into the changing paradigms. The paper finally puts forth two likely scenarios that might emerge which need to be further researched upon so that more conclusions can be drawn.

Special Issue on "Response of Polar Organisms and Natural Environment to Global Changes"

High altitude and high latitude regions on Earth are experiencing rapid changes in climate, with impacts on polar organisms and the environment. The persistent cold and sometimes inhospitable conditions create unique ecosystems and habitats for polar organisms.

Inviting Contributions to a Special Issue on "Response of Polar Organisms and Natural Environment to Global Changes"

Dear Colleagues, We would like to invite you to submit manuscripts to a special issue of the journal Advances in Polar Science （APS） on ＂Response of Polar Organisms and Natural Environment to Global Changes＂.

Melting and shrinkage of cryosphere in Tibet and its impact on the ecological environment

Global warming is having a profound impact on global ecological systems,and has inevitably induced changes in the cryosphere,one of the five layers of the earth.Major changes include the shrinking and reduction in the area and volume of both the mountain glaciers and the ice caps covering the North and South poles,and the melting of permafrost and thickening of the active frost layer.Swift changes in the cryosphere have inevitably induced ecological and environmental changes in its zone.While some of these changes are beneficial to mankind,such as an increase in water circulation,short term increases in water volumes and the enlargement of the cultivatable area,others are extremely hazardous,like the flooding of lowlands caused by an increased sea level elevation,debris flow caused by glaciers,glacier lake bursts,undermined building safety caused by permafrost melting,the deterioration of alpine cold meadows,and the surface aridization and desertification of land.Tibet,having a major part of the cryosphere in China,is home to the most widely spread glaciers and permafrost,which play a vital role in regulating water resources,climate,environment and the ecological safety in China and Asia.However,due to global warming,the glaciers and permafrost in Tibet have recently changed dramatically,exhibiting shrinkage and melting,which threatens long-term water resources,and the ecological and environmental safety of China.Based on existing research,this paper discusses the relationship between global warming and the melting and shrinkage of the cryosphere.The results show that the cryosphere＇s melting and shrinkage in Tibet are the direct result of global warming.The melting of glaciers has led to a series of disasters,such as changes in river runoff,the heightened frequency of debris flows induced by glaciers and the outbursts of glacier lakes.The melting of the permafrost also resulted in a series of ecological and environmental problems in Tibet,such as the degradation and population succession of the alpine grassland and meadows,the aridization of the land surface,and the occurrence of freeze-thaw erosion.

Infrasound observations at Syowa Station,East Antarctica:Implications for detecting the surface environmental variations in the polar regions

Characteristic infrasound waves observed at Antarctic stations demonstrate physical interaction involving environmental changes in the Antarctic continent and the surrounding oceans. A Chaparraltype infrasound sensor was installed at Syowa Station （SYO; 39°E, 69°S）, East Antarctica, as one of the projects of the International Polar Year （IPY2007-2008）. Data continuously recorded during the three seasons in 2008-2010 clearly indicate a contamination of the background oceanic signals （microbaroms） with peaks between 4 and 10 s observed during a whole season. The peak amplitudes of the microbaroms have relatively lower values during austral winters, caused by a larger amount of sea-ice extending around the Lutzow-Holm Bay near SYO, with decreasing ocean wave loading effects. Micro- baroms measurements are useful tool for characterizing ocean wave climate, complementing other oceanographic and geophysical data. A continuous monitoring by infrasound sensors in the Antarctic firmly contributes to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty （CTBT） in the southern high latitude, together with the Pan-Antarctic Observations System （PAntOS） under the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research （SCAR）. Detailed measurements of the infrasound waves in Antarctica, consequently, could be a new proxy for monitoring regional environmental change as well as the temporal climate variations in the polar regions.

Mobile Robot Path Planningin Dynamic Environments:A Survey

There are many challenges for robot navigation in densely populated dynamic environments.This paper presents a survey of the path planning methods for robot navigation in dense environments.Particularly,the path planning in the navigation framework of mobile robots is composed of global path planning and local path planning,with regard to the planning scope and the executability.Within this framework,the recent progress of the path planning methods is presented in the paper,while examining their strengths and weaknesses.Notably,the recent developed Velocity Obstacle method and its variants that serve as the local planner are analyzed comprehensively.Moreover,as a model-free method that is widely used in current robot applications,the reinforcement learning-based path planning algorithms are detailed in this paper.

Geo-environmental parametric 3D models of SARS-CoV-2 virus circulation in hospital ventilation systems

The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has the potential to cause natural ventilation systems in hospital environments to be rendered inadequate, not only for workers but also for people who transit through these environments even for a limited duration. Studies in of the fields of geosciences and engineering,when combined with appropriate technologies, allow for the possibility of reducing the impacts of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the environment, including those of hospitals which are critical centers for healthcare. In this work, we build parametric 3D models to assess the possible circulation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the natural ventilation system of a hospital built to care infected patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Building Information Modeling(BIM) was performed, generating 3D models of hospital environments utilizing Revit software for Autodesk CFD 2021. The evaluation considered dimensional analyses of 0°, 45°, 90° and 180°. The analysis of natural ventilation patterns on both internal and external surfaces and the distribution of windows in relation to the displacement dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus through the air were considered. The results showed that in the external area of the hospital, the wind speed reached velocities up to 2.1 m/s when entering the building through open windows. In contact with the furniture, this value decreased to 0.78 m/s. In some internal isolation wards that house patients with COVID-19, areas that should be equipped with negative room pressure, air velocity was null. Our study provides insights into the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 contamination in internal hospital environments as well as external areas surrounding hospitals, both of which encounter high pedestrian traffic in cities worldwide.

Formation of the Moon and Its Influence on Earth’s Environment

There are many hypotheses about the formation and evolution of the Moon,but all these hypotheses have their own questions that are hard to answer,therefore incredible.So by analyzing the evolution of the Earth,the author finds that after the formation of the Earth’s spherical structure,Earth’s polar vortices and active volcanoes can frequently eject large amount of material into the upper air or even above the stratosphere,making the Earth’s atmosphere contain a lot of dust,volcanic ash,water vapor,aerosol and so on.As the Earth rotates,these materials gradually form“nebulae”around the Earth.The lunar prototype was formed near the stratosphere,it keeps colliding and accreting nebular material near its orbit and getting bigger and bigger,and gradually moves away from the Earth under the impact of planetsimals or during the contraction of the Earth,becoming today’s massive Moon.After the formation of the Moon,it can not only light up the night,but also call the wind and rain and regulate global climate change to create an environment suiting for the living things.

Indonesia-United States Relations: Implementation of President Joe Biden’s Environment Policy

This research aims to discuss the US environment policy implementation under President Joe Biden that likely applies Washington zero-emissions policies to Indonesia.It describes President Biden’s environment policy implementation and how it might affect both countries’relations.Climate change causes many environmental problems in many countries.Extreme changing weather phenomena are increasingly intense lately and often occur.This paper elaborates on the bilateral cooperation approach through descriptive analysis and qualitative research by conducting literature studies analysing the result.President Biden has brought the US back into the Paris Climate Agreement on January 20,2021.Noticeably,it will bring the world to gain new energy and optimism to the agendas of global climate change.It reintroduces the US to Paris Agreement as an international treaty agreed in 2015 to prevent earth’s worsening temperature increase.President Donald Trump pulled out of the agreement in 2017,although the US is known as the world’s biggest carbon emitter.This study reveals the US environment policies might impact Indonesian economic trade strategies and the national environmental policy implementation,where Jakarta is seriously pursuing sustainable environment development in particular.

基于双曲嵌入的露天矿区暗光环境下道路多目标检测模型

露天矿环境特殊,道路场景复杂多变,在光照不足时会导致矿区道路多目标识别不清、定位不准,进而影响检测效果,给矿区无人矿用卡车的安全行驶带来严重安全隐患。目前的道路障碍物检测模型不能有效解决矿区暗光环境对模型检测效果的影响,同时对矿区小目标障碍物的识别也有较大误差,不适用于矿区特殊环境下障碍物的检测与识别。针对上述问题,提出了一种基于双曲嵌入的露天矿区暗光环境下多目标检测模型。首先,在模型的图像预处理阶段引入卷积神经网路Retinex-Net对暗图像进行增强,提高图像清晰度;然后,针对数据集中特征过多而无重点偏好的问题,在加强特征提取部分添加全局注意力机制,聚集3个维度上更关键的特征信息;最后,在检测模型预测阶段引入双曲全连接层,以减少特征丢失,并防止过拟合现象。实验结果表明:(1)基于双曲嵌入的露天矿区暗光环境下道路多目标检测模型不仅对露天矿区暗光环境下的大尺度目标具有较高的分类与定位精度,对矿用卡车及较远距离的小尺度目标即行人也可准确检测与定位,能够满足无人矿用卡车在矿区特殊环境下驾驶的安全需求。(2)模型的检测准确率达98.6%,检测速度为51.52帧/s,较SSD、YOLOv4、YOLOv5、YOLOx、YOLOv7分别提高20.31%,18.51%,10.53%,8.39%,13.24%,对于矿区道路上的行人、矿用卡车及挖机的检测精度达97%以上。

共同但有区别责任原则在公海环境治理领域的适用问题

共同但有区别责任原则(以下简称“共区原则”)在公海环境治理领域发挥作用的同时,也面临着理论和具体实践领域的适用困境。在理论层面,该原则的法律性质存在争议,构成要件尚不明确,亦不确定该原则是否存在例外。从实践层面看,共区原则在海洋酸化治理、公海塑料污染治理、公海持久性有机污染物治理,以及国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物资源的养护与可持续利用方面存在区别责任被忽视、弱化或共同责任难以落实的困境。上述困境的成因包括旧的权力导向理念不利于公海治理以及公海环境治理中的区别责任的界定标准不够科学。未能充分考虑发展中国家的区别责任;难以确定各国的历史性责任;发达国家怠于承担或弱化技术转让和资金支持的区别责任是该原则在具体实践领域适用困境的成因。笔者建议在理论层面明确共区原则在公海环境治理中的法律原则地位、细化有区别责任主体的分类和具体形式、以及坚持以实质公平为核心。在具体实践领域,笔者建议在海运减排领域考虑发展中国家的诉求,并在其他海洋酸化治理事项中充分落实共同但有区别责任原则,在塑料公约谈判中重视并适用共区原则,优化持久性有机污染物治理的资金支持和技术援助,积极推动BBNJ协定的能力建设和海洋技术转让机制实施。

局部阴影下基于GWO-P&O混合算法的光伏最大功率点跟踪

针对局部遮阴环境下传统灰狼优化(Gray wolf optimization,GWO)算法在跟踪最大功率点时P-U特性曲线出现多峰值、后期收敛速度慢、稳态精度低等问题,结合灰狼优化算法和扰动观察法(Perturbation and observation,P&O)各自的优势,提出了基于GWO-P&O的混合优化最大功率点跟踪(Maximum power point tracking,MPPT)算法。首先,采用灰狼优化算法逐渐向光伏的全局最大功率点靠近。其次,在灰狼优化算法收敛后期引入P&O法,既保持了灰狼优化算法较高的稳态精度,又能以较快速度寻找到局部最大功率点。最后,在不同环境工况下,将所提出的GWO-P&O方法与传统GWO算法进行对比。结果表明,改进的GWO-P&O算法在保证良好稳态性能的同时,一定程度上提高了GWO算法后期跟踪最大功率时的收敛速度。

基于全局时序因子分析的中国区域绿色技术创新环境评价

为探究绿色技术创新环境水平及其提升路径,基于2017—2021年中国31个省份的数据样本,从区域层面构建绿色技术创新环境评价指标体系,引入全局时序因子分析法识别其中实际起作用的主要维度,对绿色技术创新环境水平进行评分,并用蝴蝶模型对比区域间差异。结果表明:基本公共服务、城市发展、政策效率、资源供给与绿色生活是影响绿色技术创新环境的4个主要维度;各区域绿色技术创新环境水平整体差异大,资源供给与绿色生活和城市发展方面差异最显著。建议通过政策引导、加大投入、扩大开放等措施实现资源跨区域流动,提升绿色技术创新环境。

城市绿色空间作为变革的力量:全球智慧与中国视角

探讨了城市绿色空间在提升人类健康和福祉方面的关键作用,并将全球研究与中国的实际情况相结合。详细讨论了绿色景观在心理、社会和环境方面的益处,并强调了其在风景园林、大众卫生和城市规划等多领域的重要性。其后,探讨了绿色空间的平等使用权、最佳接触量及文化维度等关键问题。最后,重点讨论了中国在城市化和绿色空间分配方面所面临的独特挑战,以期为未来的设计策略和政策发展提供依据。