Application of brassinolide alleviates cold stress at the booting stage of rice

The objective of the study was to determine the physiological mechanisms of plants in response to brassinolide(BR) alleviating cold water stress on rice. In this study, physiological responses of rice to exogenous BR and cold water submergence were investigated using the chilling-tolerant cultivar Kongyu 131(KY131) and the chilling-sensitive cultivar Kenjiandao 6(KJD6). A total of 2 mg L^-1 BR increased activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) and the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and chlorophyll, but decreased the malondialdehyde(MDA) content in KY131 and KJD6 under cold water stress. The observed decreases in SOD and POD activities and MDA content recovered quickly after plants were returned to irrigation with water at temperatures of about 23.0°C in 2014. Additionally, the contents of nitrogen(N), phosphorous(P), and potassium(K) were increased by BR treatment under cold water stress. Exposure to BR also raised the percentage of high effective leaf area and leaf area index at the heading stage. Furthermore, it promoted soluble sugar synthesis, increased the rate of dry matter accumulation, and enhanced the export and translocation rates of the stem-sheath. The yield in KJD6 was significantly(P≤0.01 and P≤0.05) higher than that of the control in 2013 and 2014, respectively. The effect of BR treatment on rice leaf SOD and POD activities, MDA, chlorophyll, P, and stem-sheath K contents were more significant in KJD6 than in KY131. In conclusion, exogenous BR effectively reduced the physiological and metabolic damage in rice due to cold stress at the booting stage, promoted functional recovery in plants that received irrigation with water at a normal temperature following cold stress, and mitigated the effects of cold water stress on yield.The two varieties exhibited differential responses to BR;the weaker cold-resistant variety was more sensitive to BR and displayed stronger responses to exogenous BR.

Seasonal effect on physiological, reproductive and fertility profiles in breeding mithun bulls

Objective:To analyse the seasonal effect on physiological parameters, reproductive profiles andin vitro fertility in breeding mithun bulls.Methods: A total of ten adult mithun bulls age of 5 to 6 years old with good body condition (score 5-6) were selected from ICAR-NRC on Mithun, Jharnapani, Nagaland, India. The seasons were categorised into winter, spring, summer and autumn seasons based on the meteorological data and sunshine hours. The physiological parameters, reproductive profiles andin vitro fertility parameters were assessed during different seasons in mithun under the semi-intensive system of management.Results:The statistical analysis revealed that these experimental parameters were differed significantly (P<0.05) among the seasons and in overall spring and winter seasons were more beneficial in mithun breeding programme, although, the breeding in mithun occurred throughout the year with variation.Conclusions:It is concluded that collection & preservation of mithun semen and artificial insemination in mithun species during the season of spring and winter has significant beneficial effect in terms of semen production, freezability and fertility for artificial breeding programme in mithun under the semi-intensive system.

Physiological Effect of New FA Antitranspirant Application on Maize

The field trial was conducted to study physiological effect of new FA antitranspirant on maize. The new FA antitranspirant was sprayed at 10 d pre-tasseling, ear filling stage and 10 d pre-tasseling + ear filling stage, with the concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 ml L-1. The results indicated that the application of new FA antitranspirant increased nitrate reductase activity(NRA), free proline content, chlorophyll content and water content of leaf, thus drought stress can be mitigated. The new FA antitranspirant increased photosynthesis rate and reduced transpiration rate, stimulated growth and reduced water loss. 10 d pre-tasseling + ear filling stage application had a cumulative effect on the indices compared with 10 d pre-tasseling and ear filling stage, except for NRA. The new FA antitranspirant caused an increase of grain yield by 5.37 to 29. 58% with different treatments. The optimal concentration is 1. 5 ml L-1, i. e. 75 g new FA antitranspirant dissolved in 50 kg water, and the optimal apply period is 10 d pre-tasseling + ear filling stage.

Effect of Low Concentration of Yttrium on Physiological Characteristics of Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L.)

There is no doubt that rare earth elements stand an important position among the essential elements of plant growth and it is long time since they are first used as plant growth promoters. Given their effects on microstructure, most reports are focused on the toxicology rather than promotion. Using cucumis sativus L. (Jin Chun No.5) as experiment material, we try to find out the nutritional effects of low Y3+ concentrations on cucumber seedlings′ leaves. The present paper suggests that the rare earth elements act as micronutrients at low concentrations while they give rise to toxicity at high concentration. Benefits defeat toxicity with concentration ranging from 5 to 25 μmol·L-1. Through careful study, at the Y(NO3)3 concentration of 10 μmol·L-1 the content of chlorophyll as well as the activities of SOD, Cu-Zn SOD and the POD are the highest. It indicates 10 μmol·L-1 is the optimum concentration of yttrium for promoting the cucumber growth.

Physiological Effect of New FA Antitranspirant Application on Winter Wheat at Ear Filling Stage

The physiological effect of new FA antitranspirant on winter wheat was studied by field trial. The new FA antitranspirant was sprayed at ear filling stage, using the following concentrations： 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mL L^-1. The results indicated that new FA antitranspirant increased nitrate reductase activity （NRA）, free proline content, chlorophyll content and water content of leaf, thus drought stress can be mitigated. The new FA antitranspirant increased photosynthesis, enlarged stomatal conductance and reduced transpiration rate, thus led to growth stimulation and water loss reduction. New FA antitranspirant caused an increase of grain yield by 7.2%, under the optimal concentration 1.5 mL L^-1.

Physiological Effects of Rare Earths on Black Currant Plants

Various concentrations of ''Nongle'' rare earth were applied on 'Xinbin'' cultivar of black currant plants. The results indicated that leaf chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, photon flux density and leaf transpiration rate of black currant plants were influenced significantly by rare earth applied on leaves. Foliage application of 300 to 800 mg/L rare earth two times in the growing season was better than those applied once.

Effect of La-Gly on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Glycine max Seedling under Pb Stress

The physiological and biochemical characteristics of Glycine max seedlings were changed under the high concentration of Pb stress, in which the malony dialdehyde (MDA) content, plasmalemma, activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were increased drastically. The damage effects of Pb were reduced when 15 mg . L-1 La-Gly was used to spray Glycine max seedlings. The results of La-Gly treatment show that the effects are related to the decrease of Pb content in plants, the increase of photosynthetic rate and nitrate reductase (NR) activity, decrease of MDA content and cell membrane permeability, and maintenance of activities of CAT and POD.

Physiological Effects of Iron Deficiency on Pyrus pashia Buch-Ham

Pyrus pashia Buch-Ham, a wild specie was used to investigate the physiological effects of iron deficiency in culture solution. The result showed that Chla, Chlb, total chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate(Pn) decreased sharply, and the decrease of Pn was prior to that of Chl content under the iron deficiency. The iron deficiency symptoms were visible when the iron concentration in culture medium was less than 25 μmol L-1. Peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT) activity in iron-deficient leaves declined significantly, and POD was more sensitive than CAT to Fe deficiency. However, the positive correlation between CAT activity and Chl content was more significant than that between POD activity and Chl content. The content of nutrient elements in Fe-deficient leaves, which changed irregularly, were higher than that in normal leaves. There were a most significant positive correlation between active Fe and Chl content, and between active Fe and Pn respectively. Therefore, active Fe could be useful physiological predicting index for diagnosis.

Operations of Knapsack Sprayer and Its Impacts on Physiological Parameters of Selected Operators

The study was aimed at determining the impacts of operating Manually Operated Hand Lever Knapsack Sprayers (MOHLKS) on physiological responses of the operators as dependent on anthropometric variations and sex. Twenty eight subjects, (4 female, 24 male) Mean ± SD: Age 22.5 ± 1.92, 24.29 ± 2.2 years;Body Mass Index 24.6 ± 4.8, 21.7 ± 2.4 kg/m2 were employed in the study. Selected anthropometric parameters of weight and height were used to determine body mass index (BMI), with these are arm-reach forward, elbow to fingertip, hand length and hand width were measured to establish human variations in diversity. Subjects undertook the operation at 5 replicates each, before and after which information about operators’ body pain locations and body physiological changes of heart rates were obtained. Measured parameters were used in the determination of expended energy (EE), physiological cost (PC), oxygen intake (VO2) and aerobic power (VO2max). Alongside with these were operational parameters of stroke, pace and time taken to get the operation done and environmental factors of temperature and relative humidity. The results revealed on the average that the BMI (24.61 ± 4.78 kg/m2) in female operators was higher, this corresponded to PC and VO2, while the VO2max (34.83 ± 3.30 ml/min/kg) in males is higher. More EE was obtained in female subjects (3.53 ± 3.76 kCal/min) as compared to male subjects (3.42 ± 7.48 kCal/min). The main effects plot of operational factors on EE displayed the stroke made by the subjects during spraying operation as parameter with largest effect on EE. Regression equation for EE and PCI is given as PCI = 1.97 + 25.2 EE, while the P-value at α = 0.05 is 0.000 and R2 = 98.8%. Post operational body pain showed that 19 out of 28 subjects incurred at least one type of body pain, with shoulder pain as most frequent. The results of the study suggest that early incidence of fatigue may occur in female operators as compared to the males, and in addition, cumulative trauma at shoulder, back, and upper and lower arm may result over time. Hence, it is recommended that the tank volume should be reduced and the straps for the shoulders should be supported with additional cushion.

Effects of Microgravity on Human Physiology and Ground-Based Models for Space Physiological Studies

With the development of manned spaceflight, more and more researches are involved in the area of gravitation physiology. When astronauts are exposed to microgravity, a series of special physiological or pathological changes will occur, which will start self-regulation mechanisms to reduce abnormalities and help the organism to better adapt to microgravity. However, these adaptive changes may also induce degradation or damage to physiological functions. This paper summarizes the physiological effects of microgravity on the human body from the aspects of skeletal and mineral metabolism, muscle structure and function, vestibular functions, cardiovascular function and pulmonary function, as well as expounds some commonly used ground-based space analogies. The paper will provide a reference for further study on the physiological effects of microgravity.

叶面喷施胺鲜酯及其与油菜素内酯复配液对油用牡丹生理特性及产量的影响

为筛选出适合油用牡丹高产高效栽培中的植物生长调节剂应用技术,本试验以凤丹为材料,分别于盛花期(4月7日)、籽粒形成期(4月18日)、果荚与籽粒快速生长期(5月10日)叶面喷施不同质量浓度的胺鲜酯(D1、D2和D3)及其与油菜素内酯复配液(BD1、BD2和BD3),研究其对植株生理特性、籽粒产量指标(百粒重、单果籽粒重、单株籽粒重及籽粒产量)的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,喷施植物生长调节剂处理的牡丹叶片生理特性和籽粒产量关键参数均有明显提高:7月3日时,BD2处理叶片SOD活性较对照显著提高5.24%;5月19日和7月3日时,所有处理叶片MDA含量均较对照显著降低;7月3日时,所有处理叶片可溶性糖含量与对照均有显著性差异,其中BD2处理最高,较对照增加33.84%;6月10日时,所有处理叶片总叶绿素含量均显著高于对照,其中BD3处理增幅最大,为98.11%;3个测定时期,除6月10日的BD3处理外其他处理叶片净光合速率均显著高于对照,且随着胺鲜酯质量浓度的提高呈现先增加后降低趋势。所有处理单株籽粒重及籽粒产量均显著高于对照,其中BD3增幅均最大,分别为10.45%与10.44%。相关性分析表明,SOD活性与Chl a、Chl b、Car、总叶绿素含量和净光合速率呈极显著正相关,与可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关,与MDA含量呈极显著负相关;总叶绿素含量与净光合速率呈极显著正相关,净光合速率与单果籽粒重、单株籽粒重和籽粒产量呈显著正相关。综之,12、16 mg/L胺鲜酯与0.05 mg/L油菜素内酯复配喷施油用牡丹植株的生理特性表现优异,并可获得较高籽粒产量。

贮藏温度对火棘鲜果采后生理及功效活性成分的影响

以重庆彭水野生火棘鲜果为试材,研究贮藏温度对火棘功效活性成分原花青素、黄酮、总酚和VC含量的影响,分析相关抗性酶超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(shenylalanine ammonia lyase,PAL)活性和次生代谢产物丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量及腐损率变化趋势。结果表明:-5、-3、-1、1、3、5℃贮藏60 d原花青素保持率分别是初始含量的72.97%、65.43%、48.12%、29.76%、21.33%和19.22%;黄酮保持率分别为77.25%、76.27%、72.01%、60.39%、56.96%和35.19%;总酚保持率分别为83.66%、82.61%、62.80%、55.69%、48.51%和43.11%;VC保持率分别为87.17%、86.43%、75.46%、54.83%、36.06%和24.35%;SOD活性保持率分别为81.56%、79.78%、66.32%、27.86%、15.83%和11.25%;PAL活性保持率分别为57.43%、50.05%、42.00%、19.69%、15.62%和14.12%;MDA累积程度与初始含量相比,分别为2.19、2.59、4.51、6.52、7.52倍和8.54倍;腐损率与5℃贮藏60 d相比,分别低88.10%、87.94%、81.09%、54.25%和12.53%。-5、-3℃贮藏与5、3、1、-1℃贮藏相比均可有效保持原有功效成分、降低腐损率、减少MDA累积程度、保持较高SOD和PAL活性,但-5℃和-3℃贮藏差异不显著,-3℃可作为优选贮藏温度。

外源油菜素内酯对铅胁迫下花生幼苗的缓解效应

油菜素内酯(EBR)作为第六大植物激素,具有缓解植物抗逆性的效应。为探究EBR对Pb胁迫下植物生理特征的缓解效应,试验以花生为材料,采用土壤盆栽法,测定了不同质量浓度Pb胁迫下花生种子萌发、形态指标,以筛选出最适Pb胁迫质量浓度,研究在该质量浓度下外源施加EBR(0、0.01、0.05、0.10、0.50、1.00 mg/L)对花生的种子萌发、幼苗形态指标和生理指标的影响。结果表明,在单一Pb(NO_(3))_(2)胁迫下,花生的发芽势、发芽率、胚根长、株高和根长均在大于300 mg/L时显著降低。与单一300 mg/L Pb(NO_(3))_(2)胁迫处理相比,外源添加0.10 mg/L EBR后,花生的发芽势、发芽率、胚根长、株高和根长分别增加28.95%、11.76%、27.96%、6.18%、15.96%,总叶绿素含量增加67.34%,可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量分别增加19.48%、13.33%,抗氧化酶SOD、POD活性分别增加51.98%、58.62%,丙二醛、游离脯氨酸含量分别降低1.67%、20.73%,超氧阴离子自由基(O_(2)·^(-))积累量减少。说明施加0.10 mg/L外源EBR对Pb胁迫下花生幼苗具有缓解作用,能降低Pb胁迫对花生幼苗的伤害,提高其抗逆性。

雌激素与皮肤健康:生理作用、衰老影响及治疗进展

雌激素对机体各个系统的影响已得到充分证明,然而尚未探索的一个领域是雌激素对皮肤的影响。目前,不断发展的皮肤内分泌学认为皮肤不仅是各种激素的靶器官,而且是一个高度活跃的代谢器官,雌激素似乎以多种方式影响着皮肤及皮肤病的发生发展。本文就雌激素的生成特性及相关受体、雌激素对皮肤的生理作用、更年期与皮肤衰老的关系进行回顾,以期为雌激素对皮肤影响的研究提供参考依据。

CBL教学模式下生理学课程思政融入实效性研究

采用组间比较方式了解CBL教学模式下生理学课程思政融入的实效性,并在授课结束后对两组学生进行问卷调查。结果表明,接受CBL教学模式的实验组学生与接受传统教学模式的对照组学生均在教学过程中感知到了相关的思政元素,但实验组学生的学习效果更好。从一级指标来看,生理学课程思政融入实效性及教学准备、教学过程、教学效果维度在教学模式上存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。从二级指标来看,师生教学准备、教学内容、教学方法、专业素养、思政元素及学习效果维度在教学模式上存在显著性差异。一级指标和二级指标下,均是实验组学生的均值更高,说明CBL教学模式下生理学课程思政融入的实效性优于传统教学模式。

960g/L精异丙甲草胺乳油苗前封闭对小豆苗期生长发育和生理代谢以及杂草防效的影响

为了明确苗前除草剂960 g/L精异丙甲草胺乳油在小豆苗前封闭处理的适宜浓度,自然条件下,以辽红小豆2号为研究对象,设960 g/L精异丙甲草胺乳油有效用量486、648、778和972 g/hm^(2)计4个处理,以清水处理为对照(CK),研究了不同用量药剂处理对小豆苗期生长形态、光合生理指标、冠层结构、根系性状、杂草防除效果和产量的影响。结果表明:960 g/L精异丙甲草胺乳油有效用量为778 g/hm^(2)时,能够明显促进小豆幼苗生长发育;显著提高小豆苗期叶片的光合性状指标和抗氧化酶活性,增强小豆幼苗叶片的光合作用和抗氧化能力;促进小豆植株下部节位粗度增大,在一定程度上增强小豆的抗倒伏性;促进第4节位的叶柄长度增大,进而改善冠层结构;对小豆田杂草防效较高,其中对禾本科杂草的防效明显优于阔叶杂草,且小豆苗期药害症状最轻。960 g/L精异丙甲草胺有效用量为778 g/hm^(2)时,能增加小豆苗期叶片的光合生理指标和抗氧化酶活性,促进小豆生长以及干物质的积累,对小豆田杂草防效较好且对小豆幼苗安全,小豆产量最高。

外源γ-氨基丁酸缓解燕麦幼苗盐碱胁迫的生理效应

为探究外源γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对燕麦耐盐碱性的影响,以燕麦白燕2号为试验材料,在混合盐碱(NaCl∶Na_(2)SO_(4)∶NaHCO_(3)∶Na_(2)CO_(3)摩尔比为1∶9∶9∶1)胁迫下叶面喷施不同浓度GABA,测定燕麦幼苗叶绿素含量、荧光参数、渗透调节物质及抗氧化酶活性的变化,同时对幼苗生长缓解效应进行综合评价。结果表明,外源喷施4~6 mmol·L^(-1) GABA可显著提高盐碱胁迫下燕麦幼苗的叶绿素含量和光系统Ⅱ反应活性,促进光合作用;在盐碱胁迫下,与喷施清水相比,燕麦幼苗叶面喷施不同浓度GABA后,脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)和可溶性糖(SS)含量分别下降了14.7%~29.7%、28.2%~54.4%和1.8%~11.8%,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性分别提高了17.9%~58.3%、4.4%~33.4%和8.3%~19.1%。经隶属函数法综合评价得出,叶面喷施GABA提高燕麦幼苗耐盐碱性的最佳浓度为6 mmol·L^(-1)。以上结果说明,叶面喷施适宜浓度的GABA能够提高燕麦幼苗光合能力和抗氧化酶活性,降低渗透调节物质含量,提高燕麦幼苗的抗盐碱能力,有效缓解盐碱胁迫对幼苗生长带来的伤害。

油菜素内酯对盐碱胁迫下菊花幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

以菊花耐盐品种‘绚秋江月’和盐敏感品种‘绚秋尽染’为试材,用NaCl和NaHCO3按1∶1(质量比)配制成100 mmol/L复合盐碱处理液,对园林小菊幼苗进行盐碱胁迫处理,对其叶片喷施不同浓度(0.001、0.010、0.100、1.000 mg/L)外源油菜素内酯(BR),以喷施H2O为对照(CK),研究BR对盐碱胁迫下园林小菊幼苗生长及生理指标的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,在盐碱胁迫下外源喷施0.100 mg/L BR,‘绚秋江月’和‘绚秋尽染’叶片相对含水量分别提高了8.11%、16.95%;SPAD值分别增加了9.55%和13.97%;相对电导率分别下降了27.63%和24.69%;丙二醛(MDA)含量分别下降了41.24%和67.38%;脯氨酸(Pro)含量分别提高了86.49%和69.46%;过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性分别增大了16.25%和18.14%;过氧化物酶(POD)活性分别增大了46.15%和68.38%;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性分别增大了12.36%和16.32%;抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性分别增大了76.88%和95.04%。外源喷施0.100 mg/L BR可以更好地促进盐碱胁迫下园林小菊幼苗的生长发育,提高抗氧化酶活性,增强生物膜的稳定性,从而起到缓解盐碱胁迫对菊花幼苗的伤害,且对盐敏感品种‘绚秋尽染’盐碱受害的缓解效果更佳。

渔用中草药种类、作用机理及应用效果研究进展

中草药具有成分天然、资源丰富、功能多样、双向调节、低毒、无残留、无耐药性等特点。本文主要阐述了中草药的特点、作用及其机制,总结了黄芪、当归、黄岑、黄连、姜黄、大蒜等常见的中草药作为饲料添加剂在鱼类养殖中的应用效果及对养殖水环境的改善作用,以期为中草药制剂在鱼类养殖中的科学应用提供参考。

温室无土栽培切花月季生长发育预测模型及其验证

【目的】建立一个可以预测温室无土栽培切花月季生长发育时期及收获期的模型,为切花月季生产过程中的环境因子调控提供理论支持。【方法】以生长周期差异明显的3个主栽切花月季品种‘洛神’‘欢乐颂’和‘粉红雪山’为试验材料,无土栽培种植于曲靖市马龙区的塑料温室大棚中,于2021—2022年收集5期的生长发育数据和同期的光照辐射及温度数据。通过分析切花月季的生长周期特征,构建基于生理辐热积(Physiological product of thermal effectiveness and PAR,PTEP)的切花月季生长发育时期预测模型,并使用独立数据对构建的生长模型进行验证。【结果】切花月季在修剪到萌芽、萌芽到现蕾以及现蕾到收获这3个生长发育阶段所需的生理辐热积分别为22.08、29.41和38.89 MJ/m^(2);本研究所构建的切花月季生长发育时期预测模型基于生理辐热积,在切花月季的各个生长发育阶段,模型的模拟预测值与实测值表现出良好的一致性。1∶1线性回归标准误差(RMSE)分别为0.7、6.5和9.4 d,显示出模型预测的准确性。【结论】通过考虑光照辐射与温度的综合影响,构建的模型能够预测切花月季在不同生长发育阶段的时间点,以及切花产品的收获期。基于该模型,种植者可以更精准地调节温室内的光照与温度,从而在一定程度上调控切花月季产品的生产周期。研究结果将为温室无土栽培切花月季的生产提供科学依据,同时也将为种植者制定切实可行的生产和技术支持。