Volatile oil was isolated from the seed of Treculia africana (Moraceae) by solvent extraction and the chemical constituents were identified by means of GC and GC-MS. A total of twelve (12) components were characterize...Volatile oil was isolated from the seed of Treculia africana (Moraceae) by solvent extraction and the chemical constituents were identified by means of GC and GC-MS. A total of twelve (12) components were characterized in the volatile oil. Constituents found inherent were methane;2H-pyran-2-one, 6-[2-E-(3-107491000159-82-745nyl)ethenyl]-4-methoxy-;S-indacen-1(2H)-one, 3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3,3,4,5,5,8-hexamethyl;7H-Dinaphtho[2,3-b:2.3’-h]carbazole;1,2-Bis[1-(2-hydroxye- thyl)-3,6-diazahomoadamantanty dene-9]hydrazine;3-Nor-3,7-secodichotine,2,7-didehydro-2-deoxy-14-hydroxy-11-methoxy 25-oxo-, (14.alpha.)-;tirucallol;beta-sitosterol;6-Acetyl-3-chloro-2,4-decanobenzoquinoline;Adenosine, N-(3-methyl-3-butenyl)-2’,3’,5’-tris-O-(trime-thylsilyl);Zirconium,dichloro-[dimethylbis-methyl-3H-benz[e]indenyl)silane];Chromone, 7-(3-chloropropoxy)-3-phenyl.展开更多
African breadfruit seeds were subjected to three processing methods—parboiling, cooking and toasting, and the raw was used as control. The purpose of this research was to extract the oil from the seed and to determin...African breadfruit seeds were subjected to three processing methods—parboiling, cooking and toasting, and the raw was used as control. The purpose of this research was to extract the oil from the seed and to determine the effect of processing on the oil for physicochemical properties and volatile fatty acid profile. Physicochemical properties showed that the colour of the oil varied from golden yellow to brownish yellow with specific gravity varying between 0.802 g/cm3 and 0.813 g/cm3. Percentage yield of oil was 6.14% for raw extract, 6.62% for parboiled extract, 7.56% for toasted extract, and 5.01% for cooked extract. Acid, peroxide and saponification value for oil extracted from the raw seed varied with the processed samples value. The Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA), also known as Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) found inherent in varying concentration, were formic, acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, valeric, isocarproic, hexanoic and heptanoic acid. Overall results prove that heat results in increases in the VFA concentration of the processed oil.展开更多
Comparative anatomy of two Artocarpus species was carried out to identify and describe anatomical characters in search of distinctive characters that could possibly be used to delimit the two taxa. Transverse, tangent...Comparative anatomy of two Artocarpus species was carried out to identify and describe anatomical characters in search of distinctive characters that could possibly be used to delimit the two taxa. Transverse, tangential and radial longitudinal sections and macerated samples of the stem and root wood were prepared onto microscopic slides. Epidermal peels and cleared leaves of the two species were made. Characteristic similarity disparity in the tissues arrangement as well as cell inclusions were noted for description and delimitation. The two Artocarpus species studied had essentially the same an- atomical features; however, there were characters that seem to be taxon specific. The study revealed that at the transverse plane of the root, A. communis （J. R. ＆ G. Forster） have predominantly solitary vessel, whereas pore multiple was pre- dominant in A. altilis （Parkinson） Fosberg. Tyloses in vessels of the root were more frequent in A. communis than in A. altilis. In the cleared leaves, venation pattem also revealed some differences in the two species. The veins ofA. communis were more or less straight and that ofA. altilis were undulating especially in the secondary veins. Prismatic crystals were found in the cortex of the petiole in A. communis but not in A. altilis. Similarly, tannins were found in the root bark of A. communis but not in A. altilis. Trichomes and scales were more abundant in A. communis than in A. altilis. In the transverse section of the leaves, abaxial and adaxial epidermis were uniseriate in A. cornmunis but only the abaxial epidermis was uniseriate in A. altilis, the adaxial epidermis was made up of 2 to 3 layers of cells. The epidermal cells in A. communis were predominantly short cylindrical shaped cells but were not so in A. altilis.展开更多
文摘Volatile oil was isolated from the seed of Treculia africana (Moraceae) by solvent extraction and the chemical constituents were identified by means of GC and GC-MS. A total of twelve (12) components were characterized in the volatile oil. Constituents found inherent were methane;2H-pyran-2-one, 6-[2-E-(3-107491000159-82-745nyl)ethenyl]-4-methoxy-;S-indacen-1(2H)-one, 3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3,3,4,5,5,8-hexamethyl;7H-Dinaphtho[2,3-b:2.3’-h]carbazole;1,2-Bis[1-(2-hydroxye- thyl)-3,6-diazahomoadamantanty dene-9]hydrazine;3-Nor-3,7-secodichotine,2,7-didehydro-2-deoxy-14-hydroxy-11-methoxy 25-oxo-, (14.alpha.)-;tirucallol;beta-sitosterol;6-Acetyl-3-chloro-2,4-decanobenzoquinoline;Adenosine, N-(3-methyl-3-butenyl)-2’,3’,5’-tris-O-(trime-thylsilyl);Zirconium,dichloro-[dimethylbis-methyl-3H-benz[e]indenyl)silane];Chromone, 7-(3-chloropropoxy)-3-phenyl.
文摘African breadfruit seeds were subjected to three processing methods—parboiling, cooking and toasting, and the raw was used as control. The purpose of this research was to extract the oil from the seed and to determine the effect of processing on the oil for physicochemical properties and volatile fatty acid profile. Physicochemical properties showed that the colour of the oil varied from golden yellow to brownish yellow with specific gravity varying between 0.802 g/cm3 and 0.813 g/cm3. Percentage yield of oil was 6.14% for raw extract, 6.62% for parboiled extract, 7.56% for toasted extract, and 5.01% for cooked extract. Acid, peroxide and saponification value for oil extracted from the raw seed varied with the processed samples value. The Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA), also known as Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) found inherent in varying concentration, were formic, acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, valeric, isocarproic, hexanoic and heptanoic acid. Overall results prove that heat results in increases in the VFA concentration of the processed oil.
文摘Comparative anatomy of two Artocarpus species was carried out to identify and describe anatomical characters in search of distinctive characters that could possibly be used to delimit the two taxa. Transverse, tangential and radial longitudinal sections and macerated samples of the stem and root wood were prepared onto microscopic slides. Epidermal peels and cleared leaves of the two species were made. Characteristic similarity disparity in the tissues arrangement as well as cell inclusions were noted for description and delimitation. The two Artocarpus species studied had essentially the same an- atomical features; however, there were characters that seem to be taxon specific. The study revealed that at the transverse plane of the root, A. communis （J. R. ＆ G. Forster） have predominantly solitary vessel, whereas pore multiple was pre- dominant in A. altilis （Parkinson） Fosberg. Tyloses in vessels of the root were more frequent in A. communis than in A. altilis. In the cleared leaves, venation pattem also revealed some differences in the two species. The veins ofA. communis were more or less straight and that ofA. altilis were undulating especially in the secondary veins. Prismatic crystals were found in the cortex of the petiole in A. communis but not in A. altilis. Similarly, tannins were found in the root bark of A. communis but not in A. altilis. Trichomes and scales were more abundant in A. communis than in A. altilis. In the transverse section of the leaves, abaxial and adaxial epidermis were uniseriate in A. cornmunis but only the abaxial epidermis was uniseriate in A. altilis, the adaxial epidermis was made up of 2 to 3 layers of cells. The epidermal cells in A. communis were predominantly short cylindrical shaped cells but were not so in A. altilis.
