Nutritional Quality of Breakfast Affects Cognitive Function: An fMRI Study

To investigate the neural underpinnings of the effect of nutrition, brain activity of six young healthy volunteers who had a breakfast including various nutrients was compared to when they skipped breakfast or had only sugar for breakfast by functional magnetic resonance imaging. A repeated measure counterbalanced crossover design was employed. We demonstrated that significantly higher brain activation was observed in the medial aspect of the prefrontal cortex when the subjects had a nutritionally balanced breakfast while the subjects were conducting N-back tasks. This preliminary report was the first to demonstrate by means of brain imaging techniques that taking various nutrients as breakfast as well sugar has relevant impacts on underlying physiological events or cognition.

The breakfast imperative： The changing context of global food security

The debate on global food security has regained vigor since the food crisis of 2008, when a sudden spike in the prices of staple food commodities dramatically demonstrated that securing the supply and accessibility of food for a world of nine billion people in 2050 cannot be taken for grant- ed （Godfray etal. 2010; Swinnen and Squicciarini 2012;

Effect of High-Protein Breakfast Meals on Within-Day Appetite and Food Intake in Healthy Men and Women

Breakfast is considered an important meal for daily appetite control. We examined the effect of high-protein breakfasts on within-day appetite sensations and subsequent ad libitum intake, in men and women. Twenty subjects attended on 4 occasions, to consume in a randomised order high-protein (30% energy) breakfast meals, as, 1) maintenance (MTD) fed to energy requirements (2.67 MJ), 2) a weight-loss (WL) bacon-based meal breakfast (WL-B, 2.13 MJ), 3) a WL-chicken salad (WL-CS, 2.13 MJ) and 4) a WL-smoothie (WL-S, 2.08 MJ). The 3 HP-WL breakfasts elicited differences in hunger (p = 0.007), fullness (p = 0.029), desire to eat (p = 0.006) and prospective consumption (p = 0.020). The WL-B meal reduced hunger (p = 0.002) and enhanced fullness (p = 0.02), compared with the two other WL breakfasts. Although these differences were not reflected in ad libitum energy intake later in the day, a HP breakfast can modify morning satiety, which is important during dieting.

Comparison of breakfast consumption in rural and urban among Inner Mongolia Medical University students

Objective: The aim of current study was to investigate breakfast consumption between rural and urban among Inner Mongolia Medical University students, China. Method: From December 2010 to January 2011, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical students in the Inner Mongolia Medical University using a self-administered questionnaire. X2 was used to identify the differences between rural and urban. Result: The prevalence of breakfast consumption was 70.95%. The prevalence of breakfast in rural was higher than that in urban (72.09% vs. 69.78%). Breakfast consumption prevalence among male students in rural was higher 7.4% than those of students in urban. Students in Mongolian ethnic in rural were more likely to eat breakfast than Mongolian students in urban. The prevalence of breakfast decreases with grade increase both urban and rural. Students with good physical condition were more likely to eat breakfast compared with students with poor physical condition. Conclusion: The prevalence of regular breakfast consumption in rural was higher than that in urban. However, the prevalence of eating breakfast declined faster in rural than that in urban. Our study findings could help health care professionals develop targeted interventions designed to increase breakfast consumption.

A Pilot Study on the New USDA Meal Pattern for School Breakfast in a Sample of First-Grade Students

Background: The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) recently modified the school breakfast program (SBP) to improve children’s nutrition. Based on the new patterns, schools must offer larger amounts of fruits, grains, and proteins/meats to children;the amounts of fluid foods (milk and juice) remained the same. This study examined the effect of the new food pattern on student’s consumption and food cost. Methods: The amounts and cost of foods served and wasted for one week in first grade students attending two elementary schools (n = 812) were measured. One school received the current SBP pattern (control breakfast, average number of students attending breakfast n = 81), the other school’s breakfast reflected the proposed changes (test breakfast, n = 82). To test the hypothesis that the test breakfast leads to significantly increased food cost and food waste compared to the control breakfast, the weekly average amount of the served solid and fluid foods (grams and milliliters) as well as their waste were compared between the two groups using paired student’s t-test in STATA 11 (significance at p-value < 0.05). Results: Data confirmed the hypothesis in that the test breakfast was associated with significantly higher food cost (by approximately $100/week) and solid food waste but there was no change in milk and juice consumption. Conclusions: This exploratory study indicates that a significant portion of the additional foods served to first-graders to improve their nutritional status were not consumed but wasted. Further studies in larger samples and including students from all grades are needed to examine this issue fully.

Relationship between Breakfast and Academic Performance of Primary and Middle School Students in Mianyang City

In order to understand the relationship between breakfast frequency and academic performance of grade 5 and grade 8 students, we conducted an investigation through a multistage cluster sampling design with 16,840 students (8017 5th graders and 8823 8th graders) from Mianyang city. Results show that: 1) 71.3% of fifth graders and 59.7% of eighth graders had breakfast every day of the week, and 9.7% of fifth graders and 7.5% of eighth graders had breakfast three times or less per week. 2) The number of times students eat breakfast per week has a significant impact on their comprehensive academic performance, which is reflected in the trend that the more times students eat breakfast, the better their overall academic performance is. Based on this, in order to help students eat breakfast more often, and further improve students’ academic performance, we will strengthen the publicity and education of students’ breakfast knowledge from multiple perspectives.

Effect of Modified Breakfast-Education for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Single-Center Randomized Clinical Trial

Objective: The effect of postprandial blood glucose (BG) by eating modified noodles and health education in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) patients was observed. Methods: To select T2DM patients who need therapies in hospital from June to September 2017 and divide the patients into study (n?= 41, Dried Noodles) and control (n?= 39, Noodles with Soup) groups. After 3 months, the clinical/biochemical parameters and compliance of two groups were observed. Results: The study group has lower clinical/biochemical parameters and higher compliance than control group for 3 months of intervention. The difference between the two groups is statistically significant (P Conclusion: The improvement of breakfast and health education mode effectively controls T2DM, promotes the development of good living habits of patients, and improves self-management ability and compliance of patients.

Questionnaire and Intervention Study on Effects of Drinking Cows’ Milk at Breakfast on the Circadian Typology and Mental Health of Japanese Infants Aged 1 - 6 Years

This study examines relationship between drinking cows’ milk at breakfast and several mental and physical characteristics (the diurnal type, sleep habits and mental condition as anger, out of control of emotion, irritation and depression) of Japanese small children aged 1 - 6 years old. A questionnaire study and an intervention one were performed in this study. An integrated questionnaire was administered, in July 2014 to 1112 participants attending one of 10 nursery school and 1 kindergarten located in Kochi (33&deg;N, 133&deg;E), Japan, and 582 parents (mostly mothers) which answered it instead of children (rate of answer: 51.9%). Intervention was done to 111 children attending the kindergarten. Seventy six parents answered the questionnaire which was administered 3 months after the intervention days of 21 (rate of answer: 51.9%). There are two contents of intervention, one is the distribution of cows’ milk for 21 days to be drunk at breakfast and another is the distribution of leaflet entitled “Go to bed early! Get up early! and Take nutritionally rich breakfast and cows’ milk!” just before the intervention. Just before the intervention, letter was distributed to 111 parents who were asked for their children to follow the contents of the leaflet and drink the cows’ milk distributed every day for the 21 days. Small children who drink cows’ milk at breakfast more than once per week and take nutritionally rich breakfast more than 4 times per week are more morning-typed than the other three groups in which children fit into one or none of the two issues of taking morning cows’ milk and rich breakfast (p p = 0.004). Also there was positive correlation between the implementation value for the 21 days and the diurnal type score 3 months later (r = 0.301, p = 0.018). Drinking cows’ milk at breakfast seems to be effective for small children to become more morning-typed through two sets of syntheses from tryptophan via serotonin into melatonin in the evening.

Effects of breakfast with different calorigenic amounts on blood glucose, insulin and glucagon levels

This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between breakfast and serum glucose, insulin and glueagon concentrations in order to establish a model breakfast appropriate for Chinese. Twenty-four vol-unteers were randomly assigned to four study groups: high carbohydrate breakfast, high fat and protein break-fast, the typical breakfast and fasting. Each subject had serum and urine samples collected while fasting andat 1,2 and 3.5 hours following the meal. The concentration of serum glucose, insulin and glucagon was mea-sured. The levels of serum glucose in group A, B and C differed significantly at 1 and 2 hour after meal com-pared to those at fasting ( P < 0.05) . The serum glucose in group A increased insignificantly after meal. The serum insulin levels were in group A, B and C significant different compared with control group( P < 0.05) .Those peaked at 1 hour after meal ,with group C rising the furthest. Compared with the fasting group, the se-rum glueagons rose and maintained the increase after breakfast in group A, B and C (P < 0.05).The data suggested that various diets with different ealorigenie amounts increased hormone concentration to various extents. We found that a breakfast rich in carbohydrates could maintain proper blood glucose level.

河北省某高校大学生早餐情况分析

目的:了解河北省某高校大学生早餐行为,为后期健康宣教提供科学依据。方法:采用随机整群抽样方法,于2017年3月在河北省保定市某高校抽取调查对象共718名,利用自身设计问卷对大学生早餐行为进行调查。结果:共发放问卷718份,回收问卷715份,问卷有效率为100%。调查对象每天吃早餐、每周3~4次、1~2次和几乎不吃的比例分别为57.3%、25.5%、10.8%、6.4%。不同性别、年级及专业调查对象,每周吃早餐次数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。调查对象早餐营养较足及充足分别为16.9%、2.7%;调查对象在选择食物种类上,前3位分别为谷薯类(70.6%)、豆类(37.2%)、肉蛋禽鱼类(30.8%);蔬菜水果类选择比例较低(8.5%)。不同性别、不同年级调查对象早餐营养质量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同专业之间,医学专业调查对象早餐营养质量高于非医学专业调查对象(P<0.05)。在早餐食物种类选择上,在不同性别之间,女生选择豆类的比例高于男生(P<0.05);不同年级之间,一年级学生选择谷薯类、蔬菜水果类以及奶类比例高于二年级学生(P<0.05),二年级学生在选择肉蛋禽鱼类、豆类比例高于一年级学生(P<0.05);不同专业之间相比,医学专业学生选择肉蛋禽鱼类、蔬菜水果类、豆类及奶类食物比例高于非医学专业学生(P<0.05),非医学专业学生在选择谷薯类食物比例高于医学专业学生(P<0.05)。结论:大学生食用早餐比例较低,且早餐质量较足及充足比例较低,亟需开展营养宣教,提高其对早餐的重视程度。

步行训练联合Buerger运动改善住院老年高血压病人早餐后低血压的效果

目的 观察步行训练联合Buerger运动改善住院老年高血压病人早餐后低血压(PPH)的效果。方法 选择南京市胸科医院心血管内科住院的老年高血压病人为研究对象,运用PDCA(Plan-Do-Check-Action)的管理方法,分析2021年11月15日至2022年4月17日住院的33例病人(对照组)PPH发生率高的原因,指导2022年5月5日至10月31日住院的38例病人(观察组)早餐后实施步行联合Buerger运动。比较PDCA实施前后2组病人早餐后30、60、90、120 min PPH的发生率,以及2组病人对PPH知识知晓、早餐后主动运动情况。比较项目实施前后护士对PPH知识知晓、宣教落实的情况。结果 2组病人性别、年龄、SBP差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组早餐后PPH的发生率明显低于对照组(15.79%比45.45%,P=0.006)。观察组病人对PPH的概念、易患人群、发生时间的知晓率及餐后主动运动率明显高于对照组(P均<0.01)。项目实施后,护士对PPH的概念、血压下降特点、发生时间、非药物预防措施的知晓率及PPH宣教落实率明显高于实施前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论 步行联合Buerger运动能有效降低住院老年高血压病人早餐后低血压的发生,PDCA管理法能提高病人及护士对PPH知识的知晓率,促进早期识别、早期干预,将PPH的危害性控制在最低程度。

度拉糖肽注射液配合低碳水化合物早餐饮食疗法对老年糖尿病患者糖脂代谢紊乱的影响

目的:探究度拉糖肽注射液配合低碳水化合物早餐饮食疗法对老年糖尿病患者糖脂代谢紊乱的影响。方法:采用随机数字表法将84例2021年1月—2023年1月来单县中心医院内分泌科就诊的老年糖尿病患者分为对照组(42例)和试验组(42例),两组均予以常规药物治疗,在此基础上,对照组予以低碳水化合物早餐饮食疗法治疗,试验组则在对照组治疗基础上加用度拉糖肽注射液治疗,疗程均为3个月,对比两组治疗前后糖代谢水平、血脂指标水平、体重指数(BMI)、胰岛素水平。结果:经治疗后,两组空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)均较于治疗前明显下降,且试验组均低于对照组(P<0.05);试验组低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)均比对照组低(P<0.05),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)比对照组高(P<0.05);试验组BMI、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、餐后2 h胰岛素均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:采用度拉糖肽注射液配合低碳水化合物早餐饮食疗法对老年糖尿病治疗具有较好的效果,能够有效改善糖脂代谢异常和胰岛素功能,降低血糖与体质量。

城市居民早餐在外就餐行为及其影响因素分析

目的:了解我国城市成年居民早餐在外就餐行为及其影响因素。方法:数据来源于“城市化对食物环境及居民餐饮食物消费行为的影响”项目。本文将早餐在外就餐定义为过去1周早餐时段至少有1次餐饮食物的消费行为。选取1916名不同城市化水平地区的18~65岁城市居民作为研究对象,对研究对象的早餐在外就餐行为进行描述性分析,采用多因素Logistic回归分析研究对象早餐在外就餐的影响因素。结果:城市居民早餐在外就餐率为62.0%;早餐在外就餐的主要场所为中式小吃快餐店。男性、18~35岁、大专及以上教育程度、低城市化地区、吸烟、饮酒以及肥胖的城市居民早餐在外就餐率较高(P<0.05)。早餐在外就餐居民的不同类别食物的消费率在不同性别和城市化水平地区间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic分析结果显示,高年龄、不吸烟、不饮酒为城市居民早餐在外就餐的保护性因素;高教育程度、低城市化、超重为城市居民早餐在外就餐的危险因素。结论:城市居民早餐在外就餐率较高,与年龄、教育程度、城市化水平、吸烟、饮酒及BMI有关,应加强营养宣教,促进均衡健康的在外就餐行为。

我国城市成年居民早餐食物种类调查

目的:分析我国城市居民早餐食物食用情况及影响因素,为相关部门及供餐企业指导、改善居民早餐状况提供科学参考。方法:问卷调查早餐食物摄入和人口、社会经济学等相关信息。共纳入31省、自治区、直辖市城市居民10444人。应用SAS 9.4软件进行统计分析,并采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析早餐是否营养充足的影响因素。结果:10444名城市成年居民在调查期间早餐食用比例最高的食物是谷薯类(89.4%),其次是肉蛋类(53.9%)、奶豆坚果类(49.3%),最低的是蔬菜水果(42.2%)。分别有26.5%、28.8%、28.2%、16.5%的调查对象早餐的食物种类为1类、2类、3类、4类。不同城市、性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、家庭人均年收入之间差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,一线及新一线城市、女性、30岁~、40岁~、50~80岁、家庭人均年收入≥7万元的调查对象早餐营养充足(早餐食物种类达到四类)的可能性更高。结论:我国居民早餐膳食不够均衡,早餐质量还有待提高。需要个人-供餐企业-相关部门等共同努力,达到均衡膳食、合理营养的目标。

Eating Breakfast May Stave Off Obesity,Diabetes

选注者言:在过去的8年中,Pereira博士对近3000名年龄在25至37岁之间的成年人的饮食习惯及健康状况进行了跟踪调查。结果发现,与那些偶尔吃早餐或根本不吃早餐的人相比,每天坚持吃早餐的人患肥胖症和糖尿病的几率降低了35％至50％。研究人员说,不吃早餐容易导致人体内胰岛素的缺失。而它的缺失往往是糖尿病的先兆。另一方面,吃早餐有助于控制饮食,避免人在一天中的其余时间因为吃地过多而逐渐变得肥胖。

基于LSTM模型的高校食堂早餐供应预测研究

保障高校食堂早餐科学合理供应是一项重要的民生工程。基于校园一卡通系统的消费数据,对高校食堂早餐进行了统计分类,采用基于长短时记忆网络(LSTM)的改进模型对早餐供应展开了研究,并对早点、炒饭、面条、粥、豆浆5种常见早餐进行了分类预测。试验结果表明,改进的LSTM模型对5个类别预测的均方根误差(RMSE)平均值为2.19,平均绝对误差(MAE)平均值为3.42;与自回归移动平均模型(ARAM)、循环神经网络(RNN)和门控循环单元(GRU)3个经典的时间序列模型相比,改进的LSTM模型表现最出色,具有较高的预测准确性和可靠性。

Girls Need Big Breakfast?

此消息来自Belfast(贝尔法斯特,北爱尔兰首府及最大城市。)乍听之下,觉得有点荒唐,怎么男孩早餐宜吃得差一点,留点饥饿感,而女孩吃得好一些,则能提高其认知能力和学习成绩。再读此文,又觉得并非空穴来风!

At a Bed and Breakfast Inn

October 13, 1997Dear Xiao Lan, We had a lovely vacation in the south central part of the state of Pennsylvania,near the town of Chambersburg. It is just a few miles north of the Pennsylvania-Maryland border-and the Mason-Dixon Line-which officially separates the northernand sothern states in our country. Chambersburg is in one of the beautiful valleys

主客互动对民宿发展的影响研究--以丹霞山山原色民宿为例

对主客互动的影响研究,是推动民宿服务创新、实现主客价值共创、促进主客关系良性循环的有效探讨。丹霞山山原色民宿以“依山居、枕水眠”的乡情民宿体验,受到众多游客喜欢。为丰富主客互动微观维度研究,缓解民宿产业不成熟与发展速度之间的矛盾,以丹霞山山原色民宿为例,从信息互动、商品或服务互动、人际互动三方面探讨主客互动对民宿发展的影响,并通过主客互动分析山原色民宿发展存在的问题,最后提出相应的发展建议。

基于网络文本的渔村民宿游客消费体验研究

旅游民宿在体验经济和乡村振兴中具有重要地位,研究渔村民宿游客消费体验对提升渔村经济效应、丰富乡村民宿的研究视角具有重要作用。以青岛渔村民宿为例,通过后裔采集器爬取携程网游客评论,使用ROST CM6、Gephi和UCINET进行词频分析、社会网络和中心性分析及情感分析,结果显示:渔村民宿游客消费体验可分为七种,海洋风情是渔村民宿游客消费体验的重要特点;渔村民宿游客消费体验呈三级分布,游客对不同体验的关注程度为:住宿餐饮体验、民宿主人沟通体验>对客服务体验、景观打造体验>乡土文化体验、休闲舒压体验、情怀氛围体验;游客对渔村民宿整体呈现比较积极的情感。据此对渔村民宿发展提出建议。