Postvaccination breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections among adults in Malaysia and attitudes towards future vaccination

Objective:To determine the frequency and severity of the breakthrough infections and the associated factors in Malaysia.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted among the adult general population in Malaysia who completed at least one dose of vaccination.The validated online questionnaires were used for data collection between December 2022 to February 2023.The participants were recruited by a convenient sampling method.The data were analysed by descriptive statistics,and logistic regression by using SPSS(Version 27).Qualitative data from open-ended questions were analysed as thematic analysis by using RQDA software.Results:A total of 524 participants'data were analyzed and 77.5%of them completed three doses of COVID-19 vaccination.Breakthrough infections after vaccination were reported in 57.3%of the participants.Age group of 18 and 30 years(aOR 2.32,95%CI 1.01-5.32)and other ethnicities(aOR 2.00,95%CI 1.02-3.93)significantly associated with the occurrence of breakthrough infections.A total of 35.5%of the participants were not willing to take another booster dose in the future because of their attitudes towards fear of long-term side effects,lack of trust to the vaccine,less susceptibility to severe infection,belief in natural immunity,and myths.Conclusions:Future public health policies and interventions should be focused on disseminating the information about safety of booster doses of vaccine,management and re-assurance of side effects,and targeted vaccination to the working(younger age group)and ethnic minorities.

A Numerical Simulation Study of Temperature and Pressure Effects on the Breakthrough Pressure of CO_(2)in Unsaturated Low-permeability Rock Core

Gas breakthrough pressure is a key parameter to evaluate the sealing capacity of caprock,and it also plays important roles in safety and capacity of CO_(2)geological storage.Based on the published experimental results,we present numerical simulations on CO_(2)breakthrough pressure in unsaturated low-permeability rock under 9 multiple P-T conditions(which can keep CO_(2)in gaseous,liquid and supercritical states)and thus,a numerical method which can be used to accurately predict CO_(2)breakthrough pressure on rock-core scale is proposed.The simulation results show that CO_(2)breakthrough pressure and breakthrough time are exponential correlated with P-T conditions.Meanwhile,pressure has stronger effects on experimental results than that of temperature.Moreover,we performed sensitivity studies on the pore distribution indexλ(0.6,0.7,0.8,and 0.9)in van Genuchten-Muale model.Results show that with the increase ofλ,CO_(2)breakthrough pressure and breakthrough time both show decreasing trends.In other words,the larger the value ofλis,the better the permeability of the caprock is,and the worse the CO_(2)sealing capacity is.The numerical method established in this study can provide an important reference for the prediction of gas breakthrough pressure on rock-core scale and for related numerical studies.

A breakthrough in cotton transformation technology

A new cotton transformation method was developed by Ge and colleagues at Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,and this work was published in a recent issue of the Journal of Integrative Plant Biology(Ge et al.2023;https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.13427).This method is a milestone progress in the development of cotton transformation technologies,as it can be used to transform different genotypes and species of cotton such as Gossypium hirsutum,Gossypium barbadense,and Gossypium arboreum.This method is fast,user friendly,and the transformation efficiency is equivalent to or superior to other cotton transformation methods.

Simulation of thermal breakthrough factors affecting carbonate geothermalto-well systems

Fractures play a pivotal role in carbonate thermal storage systems,serving as primary hydraulic conductivity channels that significantly influence thermal breakthrough times and heat extraction efficiency in geothermal-to-well systems.Their impact is critical for well placement and system life prediction.This paper focuses on a geothermal-to-well system within the carbonate reservoir of the Wumishan formation in the Rongcheng geothermal field,Xiong'an new area.It employs a combination of field tests and numerical simulations to determine the permeability of the reservoir and the evolution of fractures between wells.It also examines the influence of fracture width and roughness coefficient on the seepage and temperature fields under various injection scenarios and predicts thermal breakthrough times for production wells.The results show:Higher permeability is observed near well D16 compared to well D22 within the studied geothermal-to-well systems.Wider fractures between wells result in faster temperature decline in production wells.Lower injection flow rates lead to slower temperature reduction in injection wells.The use of roughness coefficients minimizes temperature variations in production wells.This study not only offers guidance for the development and utilization of the geothermal well system,but also contributes to a deeper understanding of the groundwater seepage and heat transfer process influenced by fractures.

“内外兼修”企业社交媒体使用对突破式创新的驱动机制研究

数字化时代社交媒体蓬勃发展,为企业突破式创新带来了机遇。现实中,如何运用社交媒体实现突破式创新是企业面临的重要问题。结合组织学习理论、社会资本理论,从内外部视角探索两种社交媒体可供性对企业突破式创新的差异化作用机制。结果显示,内部整合导向的社交媒体使用通过组织忘却学习促进突破式创新,外部营销导向的社交媒体使用通过加深跨界用户嵌入促进突破式创新。此外,双元战略导向在两条路径上分别发挥调节作用。创业导向水平越高,内部整合导向的社交媒体使用对组织忘却学习的促进作用越显著;市场导向水平越高,外部营销导向的社交媒体使用对跨界用户嵌入的推动作用越显著。结论有助于丰富社交媒体与突破式创新相关研究,为企业应用社交媒体技术实现突破式创新提供启示。

Diagnostic Method and Adaptability Analysis of Multiple Water Breakthroughs in Horizontal Well in Combined Well Pattern

The combined well pattern has been widely used in reservoir development, with a common pattern being a horizontal well in the center for oil production and multiple vertical wells around for water injection. For this type of well pattern, determining the horizontal well is affected by which injection wells, especially when the injecting water breaks through, accurately determining the direction of water inflow will provide an important basis for targeted water well measures. Based on the production performance data of horizontal wells, the semi logarithmic relationship curves of water-oil ratio, derivative water-oil ratio, and cumulative production were used for the first time to determine the breakthrough problem of water injection in the surrounding water injection wells of horizontal wells based on their response characteristics. The adaptability of this method under different influencing factors was analyzed. Introducing the parameter of cumulative production not only preserves the variation trend of the derivative of water-oil ratio with time, but also facilitates the processing of actual production data.

NEXT-LEVEL TECHNOLOGY Construction of the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway required overcoming world-level challenges with myriad technological breakthroughs

When the sun rises,high-speed trains are already lined up for departure from Halim Station of the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway(HSR)in Indonesia.After seven years of preparation,the first Chinese-built high-speed railway in Indonesia and the Southeast Asian region finally set off,ending ages of anticipation.

夹层型页岩油突破及其油气地质意义——以四川盆地中部G119H井为例

近期,中国石油西南油气田公司在四川盆地中部(以下简称川中)公山庙西地区部署实施的侏罗系凉高山组夹层型页岩油重点评价井——G119H井,测试获产油20 t/d、产气0.6×10^(4) m^(3)/d,取得了该盆地湖相夹层型页岩油的新突破。为了进一步明确四川盆地凉高山组湖相页岩油的资源潜力及勘探前景,基于G119H井所在区域的地质、地震资料,开展了凉高山组沉积地质背景、河道刻画、优质储层特征、富集模式等研究。研究结果表明:(1)凉高山组在多期湖盆迁移背景下,纵向发育多期叠置湖相页岩、三角洲前缘砂体;(2)公山庙西地区凉二段底部发育浅水三角洲前缘砂体,砂体由西南向北东推进入湖;(3)凉二段分流河道为最有利微相,岩性主要为细—中粒岩屑砂岩,平均孔隙度达6.3%,孔喉结构为小孔—微喉连通模式,可动油占比较高;(4)凉高山组夹层型页岩油分布广,具备烃源岩厚度大(超过10 m)、储层物性好、源储组合相邻匹配等有利条件;(5)该盆地内凉高山组夹层型页岩油有利地区面积约1.38×10^(4) km^(2),利用四川盆地现有三维地震资料刻画凉二段分流河道分布面积为2 336 km^(2),估算石油资源量约15×10^(8) t。结论认为,G119H井的突破揭示了川中地区凉二段夹层型页岩油具有规模开发潜力,进一步展现了盆地侏罗系页岩油良好的资源基础,明确了川中地区凉二段夹层型页岩油是“十四五”及中长期增储上产重点层段。

渤海湾盆地沧东深凹区沧探1井古近系孔二段重大突破与勘探意义

近期中国石油风险探井沧探1井在古近系孔店组孔二段试油获高产油气流,实现了渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷深层岩性油气藏勘探的重大突破。为评价沧东深凹区勘探前景,基于沧探1井钻探认识,系统梳理沧东深凹区有利成藏条件,指明下一步勘探方向。研究表明,孔二段沉积期深凹区为沧东断层控制的沉降中心,为半深湖—深湖相烃源岩发育提供可容纳空间,湖扩期烃源岩分布广泛,有机质类型以Ⅱ型为主,有机质丰度高,Ro平均为1.3%,处于成熟—高成熟演化阶段;深凹区位于湖盆边缘,盆山间发育完整的源—渠—汇系统,湖盆内形成多个扇三角洲规模储集体,具备形成大型岩性油气藏的条件;油气早生早排、持续充注,伴生的酸性流体与生烃增压作用促使粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔等次生孔隙发育,烃源岩成熟与储层发育时空匹配,深凹区内常规砂岩油藏与页岩油藏连续成藏。综合分析认为,沧东深凹区孔二段具有良好的勘探前景,盆缘发育的多个扇三角洲砂体具备近源成藏优势,可成为规模增储的重要接替领域。

日间手术高质量发展瓶颈突破策略SWOT分析

目的分析日间手术运营管理创新方面的优势、劣势、机会和威胁,探索其潜在问题并制订相应的发展策略。方法2022年9月—2023年9月郑州大学第一附属医院采用SWOT分析方法,结合相关文献综述和专家意见,对日间手术高质量发展管理创新进行评估。结果日间手术可以缩短住院时间、减少床位需求,降低医疗成本、减轻患者的经济负担、提高手术效率和患者满意度。劣势在于术后需要完善的完全保障服务。机会在于有政策支持,新型手术设备和智能化管理系统的应用,社会对降低医疗费用的需求。威胁主要在于日间手术设施、人员配置和管理经验方面存在不足,另外还涉及手术风险、患者安全和法律责任等问题。结论日间手术需要借助科技创新,加强人员培训和设备更新,完善管理和运营机制,关注患者的术后护理需求,以促进管理创新和高质量发展。

数据赋能关键核心技术突破的内在机理研究

随着数字经济在各领域的不断渗透,数据赋能在高新技术产业的发展中起着至关重要的作用。本文基于组织创新壁垒瓦解的视角,通过对我国某玻璃新材料设计龙头企业从技术跟随到技术领跑的研发技术的数据赋能过程展开案例研究,并构建了数据赋能关键核心技术突破的整合性理论模型。研究结果发现,数据赋能关键核心技术突破遵循着“数据系统搭建-组织创新实现-数据能力激活-关键核心技术突破”的内在机理路径,同时需要根据技术发展的不同阶段,整合相应的数据资源和数据能力来发挥数据的赋能作用。研究基于组织创新壁垒瓦解视角数据赋能的内在机理进行研究,丰富了关键核心技术突破在大数据情境中的新解读,对指导企业利用数据攻克关键核心技术具有重要的启示功能。

地热储层岩体粗糙裂隙的热流耦合效应研究

为了解决地热开采涉及复杂的多物理场耦合问题,提高开采效率,本文针对开采过程中的渗流-传热问题以离散元软件3DEC构建岩体粗糙裂隙热-流耦合数值模型。考虑不同三维形貌特征的岩体裂隙,模拟水力开度为19.17μm在不同流速时的水-岩温度变化规律。结果表明:由于裂隙形貌的阻滞作用,粗糙面出水口温度下降较慢,出水口温度有所上升,模型达到稳态所需的时间随流速和对流换热系数的增大而减小。裂隙形貌对流体和岩体温度分布均有影响,粗糙裂隙面的冷锋形态和裂隙面的形貌密切相关。光滑裂隙热突破快于粗糙裂隙,增加裂隙面的粗糙度有助于延长热突破时间。粗糙裂隙面相对于光滑裂隙面的总热量提取率略有提升,流速和对流换热系数的增加显著提高总热量提取率。通过本文研究可以为地热能系统的设计提供重要参数和指导,能够提高地热能开发利用效率。

新型举国体制下实施核心技术攻关的哲学思考与践行路径

文章通过对新型举国体制下实施核心技术攻关进行历史经验分析和创新理念阐述的基础上,展开哲学思考:从顶层设计和总体优化层面把握技术攻关的国家干预、从系统集成和系统协调层面剖析技术攻关的系统思维、从引进吸收和自主创新层面洞察技术攻关的辩证思维、从目标确立与认识闭环层面理解技术攻关的认识论。由此,提出新型举国体制下实施核心技术攻关的践行路径:发挥党和政府的系统性顶层设计战略指导作用、强化关键核心技术攻关的机制化生态建设、把握有为政府与有效市场的作用边界、形成高效的管理协调机制以及鼓励对外开放与国际合作。

《达·芬奇密码》的法律突围之路

在2006年的《达·芬奇密码》诉讼案中,伦敦高院以观点复制没有侵犯原作著作权为由驳回了原告的诉讼请求,这种只注意表达而忽略意义或功能的法律阐释并不充分。要想消除读者心中困惑,还丹·布朗以公道,必须对两部涉案作品进行互文性分析。《达·芬奇密码》的法律突围之路主要有:以想象补足史实、以密码编织故事、以游戏消解真相。

跨界知识搜寻、吸收能力对制造企业突破式创新的影响研究

基于创新理论、资源基础观理论与组织学习理论,构建跨界知识搜寻、吸收能力、战略柔性与企业突破式创新的理论模型和分析框架,运用SPSS和SmartPLS软件进行实证检验。研究结果表明:技术知识跨界搜寻正向影响企业突破式创新;市场知识跨界搜寻对企业突破式创新没有显著影响;知识跨界搜寻正向影响企业吸收能力;吸收能力正向影响企业突破式创新;吸收能力在跨界知识搜寻与企业突破式创新之间发挥显著中介作用;战略柔性在跨界知识搜寻对企业突破式创新的影响中发挥显著调节作用。

创新生态系统视角下企业模糊前端创新效率提升路径研究--基于模糊集定性比较分析方法

基于2021年我国28个省份的新创科技型高技术企业的面板数据,从企业研究开发能力、创意生成能力两大视角,运用模糊集定性比较分析方法探索创新生态系统对企业模糊前端创新效率的影响。研究发现:单一创新生态要素不构成高模糊前端创新效率的必要条件;高模糊前端创新效率具有5种组态,能形成强化引进型、自主创新型和稳固优化型3种路径。为企业在模糊前端阶段实现突破性技术创新提供参考依据。

关键核心技术及其突破:文献评述与研究展望

中国既有相关研究对关键核心技术的理论解构尚不够清晰。为形成关键核心技术的系统观,运用文献计量分析法与文献回顾法,基于中国知网数据库中2000—2023年的205篇发表在中文社会科学引文索引(CSSCI)来源期刊的相关论文,从关键核心技术的内涵和关键核心技术突破的影响因素、组织模式和路径等方面系统梳理国内关于关键核心技术的研究现状。结果发现:相关文献在2017年至2023年迅速增长,在一定程度上是美国对中国高科技领域实施全面封锁所导致的,未来一段时间内相关研究的热点聚焦于新型举国体制、关键核心技术、人工智能、技术突破、技术识别等方面;对关键核心技术主要从知识论、技术体系、产业链和国家战略等4种视角进行研究,但尚未形成统一的解释,主要从关键核心技术本身及其重要性两个方面进行类型划分,分为驱动和制约两大类影响因素,并主要形成政府驱动、领军企业驱动和多主体协同的创新组织模式,以及基于知识重组理论、基于技术创新发展阶段和基于特定产业/企业及技术范式的路径研究。最后提出,未来相关研究可从研究问题、研究对象以及研究方法三方面进行拓展,需要更精准地界定和识别关键核心技术,拓展关键核心技术突破程度的测度方法,开展更多跨学科的实证研究,以揭示关键核心技术发展同社会、经济及政策的互动关系。

1979—2019年多学科诺奖级论文发表期刊分布分析

包括2018年诺奖得主本庶佑在内的不少国内外研究者持有重大创新论文往往发表于非顶级期刊的观点未见数据证实,但对我国科技期刊发展、学术评价以及个别研究者认知可能产生负面影响。在数学、物理、化学、生物、医学、地球科学、经济学7个学科的诺奖级奖项官网及谷歌学术中检索1979—2019年上述7个学科获奖论文,统计7个学科诺奖级获奖论文发表期刊的分布情况。结果表明,7个学科的大多数重大创新论文均在所属学科影响因子排名前10位的期刊发表。重大创新论文往往发表于非顶级期刊的观点只是对少数情况的总结,并不符合多数情况。

全方位夯实粮食安全根基:战略内涵、现实制约与突破路径

粮食安全是关系国计民生的头等大事。党的二十大报告提出“全方位夯实粮食安全根基”,充分体现了党中央对粮食安全的新思考和再部署。“全方位”是方式方法,“根基”是重要性,只有做到“全方位”才能夯实粮食安全“根基”。基于对粮食安全的高度重视,党的十八大以来,党中央相继出台了一系列政策举措,粮食安全保障取得辉煌成就。但依然存在高标准农田基础不牢、关键核心技术待突破、支持政策力度不足与党政同责考核不明晰等问题。未来应以“地、技、利、义”为着眼点,通过构建大食物观、加强耕地保护利用、加快农业科技装备创新研发、加快健全主产区利益补偿、全面落实粮食安全党政同责等,全方位夯实粮食安全根基,切实端稳端牢“中国饭碗”。

新医科语境下医学伦理的实践挑战与理论突围

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