Postoperative chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine and oxaliplatin vs.capecitabine for pathological stage N2 rectal cancer

Objective:Several studies have been conducted on the effects and toxicity of adding oxaliplatin to fluorouracilbased or capecitabine-based chemoradiotherapy(CRT)regimens as significantly increasing the toxic response without benefit to survival.In this study,we further explored the role of these two postoperative CRT regimens in patients with pathological stage N2 rectal cancer.Methods:This study was a subgroup analysis of a randomized clinical trial.A total of 180 patients with pathological stage N2 rectal cancer were eligible,85 received capecitabine with radiotherapy(RT),and 95 received capecitabine and oxaliplatin with RT.Patients in both groups received adjuvant chemotherapy[capecitabine and oxaliplatin(XELOX);or fluorouracil,leucovorin,and oxaliplatin(FOLFOX)]after CRT.Results:At a median follow-up of 59.2[interquartile range(IQR),34.0−96.8]months,the three-year diseasefree survival(DFS)was 53.3%and 64.9%in the control group and the experimental group,respectively[hazard ratio(HR),0.63;95%confidence interval(95%CI),0.41−0.98;P=0.04].There was no significant difference between the groups in overall survival(OS)(HR,0.62;95%CI,0.37−1.05;P=0.07),the incidence of locoregional recurrence(HR,0.62;95%CI,0.24−1.64;P=0.33),the incidence of distant metastasis(HR,0.67;95%CI,0.42−1.06;P=0.09)and grade 3−4 acute toxicities(P=0.78).For patients with survival longer than 3 years,the conditional overall survival(COS)was significantly better in the experimental group(HR,0.39;95%CI,0.16−0.96;P=0.03).Conclusions:Our results indicated that adding oxaliplatin to capecitabine-based postoperative CRT is safe and effective in patients with pathological stage N2 rectal cancer.

Clinical observation of capecitabine monotherapy in elderly patients with advanced breast cancer

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of capecitabine mono-chemotherapy in elderly patients with advanced breast cancer. Methods The data from 36 cases of capecitabine monotherapy in elderly patients with advanced breast cancer were retrospectively analyzed. Oral administration of capecitabine 2000 mg/m^2 twice daily （D1-14） for 21 days constituted a cycle. The effect of the disease and main adverse reactions were evaluated every 2 cycles. Results The data from 36 elderly patients were studied. The median number of chemotherapy cycles was 4. The total effective rate was 30.6% （11/36） and the disease control rate was 72.2% （26/36）. The number of patients with clinical comptete remission was 2, clinical partial response was 9, stable disease was 15, and progressive disease was 10. Where treatment was effective, the median time to progression was 6 months and the median overall survival was 9.5 months. The main adverse events were gastrointestinal reactions, bone marrow suppression, and oral mucositis; most of the reactions were grade 1 to 2. Grade 3 to 4 adverse reactions included granulocytopenia in 2 patients （12.5%） and hand-foot syndrome in 1 patient （6.7%）. Conclusion Capecitabine monotherapy was effective in controlling disease progression, and adverse reactions were tolerated by elderly patients with advanced breast cancer.

Early prediction of pathological outcomes to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients using automated breast ultrasound

Objective： Early assessment of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy （NAC） for breast cancer allows therapy to be individualized. The optimal assessment method has not been established. We investigated the accuracy of automated breast ultrasound （ABUS） to predict pathological outcomes after NAC. Methods： A total of 290 breast cancer patients were eligible for this study. Tumor response after 2 cycles of chemotherapy was assessed using the product change of two largest perpendicular diameters （PC） or the longest diameter change （LDC）. PC and LDC were analyzed on the axial and the coronal planes respectively. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves were used to evaluate overall performance of the prediction methods. Youden＇s indexes were calculated to select the optimal cut-off value for each method. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values （PPV and NPV） and the area under the ROC curve （AUC） were calculated accordingly.Results： ypT0/is was achieved in 42 patients （14.5%） while ypT0 was achieved in 30 patients （10.3%） after NAC. All four prediction methods （PC on axial planes, LDC on axial planes, PC on coronal planes and LDC on coronal planes） displayed high AUCs （all〉0.82）, with the highest of 0.89 [95% confidence interval （95% CI）, 0.83-0.95] when mid-treatment ＆BUS was used to predict final pathological complete remission （pCR）. High sensitivities （85.7%-88.1%） were observed across all four prediction methods while high specificities （81.5%-85.1%） were observed in two methods used PC. The optimal cut-off values defined by our data replicate the WHO and the RECIST criteria. Lower AUCs were observed when mid-treatment ABUS was used to predict poor pathological outcomes. Conclusions：ABUS is a useful tool in early evaluation of pCR after NAC while less reliable when predicting poor pathological outcomes.

Evaluation of menopausal status among breast cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea

Objective： In patients with chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea （CIA）, the menopausal status is ambiguous anddifficult to evaluate. This study aimed to establish a discriminative model to predict and classify the menopausalstatus of breast cancer patients with CIA.Methods： This is a single center hospital-based study from 2013 to 2016. The menopausal age distribution andaccumulated incidence rate of CIA are described. Multivariate models were adjusted for established and potentialconfounding factors including age, serum concentration of estradiol （E2） and follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）,feeding, pregnancy, parity, abortions, and body mass index （BMI）. The odds ratio （OR） and 95% confidenceinterval （95% CI） of different risk factors were estimated.Results： A total of 1,796 breast cancer patients were included in this study, among whom, 1,175 （65.42%） werepremenopausal patients and 621 （34.58%） were post-menopause patients. Five hundred and fifty patients wereincluded in CIA analysis, and a cumulative CIA rate of 81.64% was found in them. Age （OR： 1.856, 95% CI：1.732-1.990）, serum concentration of E2 （OR： 0.976, 95% CI： 0.972-0.980） and FSH （OR： 1.060, 95% CI：1.053-i.066）, and menarche age （OR： 1.074, 95% CI： 1.009-1.144） were found to be associated with the patients＇menopausal status. According to multivariate analysis, the discriminative model to predict the menopausal status isLogit （P）=-28.396＋0.536Age-0.014E2＋0.031FSH. The sensitivities for this model were higher than 85%, and itsspecificities were higher than 89%.Conclusions： The discriminative model obtained from this study for predicting menstrual state is important forpremenopausal patients with CIA. This model has high specificity and sensitivity and should be prudently used.

Fatigue and Quality of Life of Women Undergoing Chemotherapy or Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer

OBJECTIVE To examine fatigue and quality of life (QOL) inbreast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy.METHODS A self-report survey derived from the Chineseversion of Brief Fatigue Inventory, the Functional Assessmentof Chronic Illness Therapy for Breast Cancer, and the MedicalOutcomes Study Social Support Survey. Descriptive statisticswas used to examine the intensity of fatigue and the prevalenceof severe fatigue. Multivariate analysis of variance was used todetermine factors that affect the five domains of QOL among theparticipants.RESULTS The majority of the participants (n = 261) perceiveda mild level of fatigue, but 35.6% of them suffered severe fatigue.Fatigue had a significantly negative association with all domainsof QOL except social/family wellbeing. The participants whowere receiving chemotherapy, undergoing curative treatment andhaving inadequate social support were more likely to have poorerQOL in all five domains (after adjustment for age).CONCLUSION Although the majority of the participantsexperienced a mild level of fatigue, there was a substantial groupof breast cancer patients who perceived their fatigue as severe. Thefindings of this study showed that fatigue had a detrimental effecton the various aspects of the participants' QOL. Demographic andclinical characteristics of breast cancer patients who were at riskof getting poorer QOL were identified. The results of the studydemonstrate that we should enhance healthcare professionals'awareness of the importance of symptom assessment, andprovide them with information for planning effective symptom-management strategies among this study population.

Trans-arterial chemoperfusion for the treatment of liver metastases of breast cancer and colorectal cancer: Clinical results in palliative care patients

AIM To evaluate the clinical value and efficiency of transarterial chemoperfusion(TACP) in patients with liver metastases from breast cancer(BC) and colorectal cancer(CRC).METHODS We treated 36 patients with liver metastases of BC(n = 19, 19 females) and CRC(n = 17; 8 females, 9 males) with repeated TACP. The treatment interval was 4 wk. TACP was performed with gemcitabine(1000 mg/m2) and mitomycin(10 mg/m2), administered within 1 h after positioning the catheter tip in the hepatic artery. Before treatment, the size, location, tumour volume, vascularization and number of liver tumours were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). Tumour response was evaluated according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors guidelines.RESULTS TACP using gemcitabine and mitomycin for metastases from CRC and BC was performed without any serious side effects. The follow-up MRI showed a therapeutic response in 84.2% of the BC patients-stable disease 47.4% and partial response 36.8%. A progression was seen in 15.8%.CRC patients showed a therapeutic response in 52.9% of cases. A progression of the disease was documented in 47.1% of the patients with CRC. These data show that TACP in patients with liver metastases of BC leads to a significantly better therapeutic response compared with CRC patients(P = 0.042). The median survival time was 13.2 mo for the BC patients, which is significantly longer than for CRC patients at 9.3 mo(P = 0.001).CONCLUSION TACP for liver metastases of BC appears to be a safe and effective palliative treatment with improved outcomes in comparison to patients with CRC.

THE CLINICAL COURSE AND TREATMENT RESULTS OF LUNG METASTASES FROM BREAST CANCER

Objective: To analyze the clinical course and treatment result of lung metastases from breast cancer Method: 122 cases with lung metastases from breast cancer were treated with chemotherapy or chemotherapy plus endocrine therapy, response was assessed according to WHO criteria and survival rate estimated using the life Table Results: The median time from initial treatment of primary tumor to lung metastases was 22 months Sites of common consecutive metastases were lung, liver and bone The overall response rate was 48% with a CR rate of 15% Compared to non DDP encompassing regimen, the CR rate was higher in DDP based chemotherapy (7% versus 21%, P <0 05) with a longer median survival time (MST) The PR rate was higher in regimens containing anthracycline (48%) than in those without anthracycline (20%, P <0 01) The response rate was similar between chemotherapy and chemotherapy plus endocrine therapy ( P >0 05) No difference in MST was observed between patients receiving anthracycline and non anthracycline encompassing regimens The 1 , 3 , 5 , and 10 year survival rate was 77%, 22%, 11%, and 10%, respectively Conclusion: Size of primary tumor, the length of disease free interval, the number of lung metastases may provide additional information for predicting patients survival after treatment of lung metastases Combination chemotherapy, especially DDP based chemotherapy may prolong survival time of patients with lung metastases from breast cancer

替吉奥单药治疗老年晚期乳腺癌的临床疗效与安全性

目的观察替吉奥单药治疗老年晚期乳腺癌的疗效与安全性。方法回顾性分析老年晚期乳腺癌患者65例,研究组32例(S组):替吉奥40～60 mg(<1.25 m^2,40mg;1.25～1.5 m^2,50mg;>1.5 m^2,60 mg),于早、晚饭后口服,连服14天,21天重复。对照组33例(X组):卡培他滨每日2000mg/m^2,分2次,连服14天,21天重复,至少2周期后评价疗效。结果 65例患者均可评价疗效,S组、X组有效率(RR)分别为31.3%(10/32)、27.3%(9/33),疾病控制率(DCR)分别为78.1%(25/32)、69.7%(23/33),中位疾病进展时间(TTP)分别为7.5、7.0月,中位总生存时间(OS)分别为17.3、15.2月,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组与对照组常见的不良反应为骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应、口角炎、乏力,多见Ⅰ～Ⅱ度,可耐受,两组差异无统计学意义;对照组手足综合征明显高于研究组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。结论替吉奥单药治疗老年乳腺癌疗效肯定,耐受性好于卡培他滨,值得临床进一步研究、推广。

吉西他滨联合卡培他滨治疗耐药转移性乳腺癌56例临床分析

为了评估吉西他滨(GEM)和卡培他滨(CAP)3周联合化疗方案在蒽环类和(或)紫杉类耐药的转移性乳腺癌(MBC)患者中的有效性和毒性,对56例既往用过蒽环类和紫杉类的MBC患者给予GEM1000mg/m2,静脉滴入30min,d1、d8;CAP2000mg/m2,分2次口服,d1～d14,每3周为1个周期。所有患者均评估毒性,至少用过2个周期的患者评估疗效。结果:56例患者共完成196个周期化疗,中位化疗周期数为3.5个周期。完全缓解4例,部分缓解22例,稳定18例,进展12例,有效率为46.4%(26/56)。最常见的毒副反应为骨髓抑制和手足综合征。初步研究结果提示,GEM和CAP联合化疗方案在既往接受过蒽环类和紫杉类药物的MBC患者中是安全有效的,血液学和非血液学毒性都可耐受。

卡培他滨联合吉西他滨或长春瑞滨治疗复发转移性乳腺癌的疗效观察

目的观察吉西他滨或长春瑞滨联合卡培他滨方案治疗复发转移性乳腺癌患者的疗效。方法本研究纳入2008年1月1日-2014年5月1日解放军总医院收治的采用吉西他滨或长春瑞滨联合卡培他滨方案治疗的75例女性晚期乳腺癌患者,42例接受卡培他滨联合吉西他滨（GX）方案治疗,33例接受卡培他滨联合长春瑞滨（NX）方案治疗。结果 GX方案组客观有效率为16.7%,疾病控制率为85.7%,临床获益率为45.2%,肿瘤进展时间为5.68个月（95%CI：3.679~7.689）;NX方案组客观有效率为29.3%,疾病控制率为74.8%,临床获益率为51.5%,肿瘤进展时间为8.25个月（95%CI：3.717~12.776）,NX方案用于一线化疗疗效优于二线或以上化疗疗效。结论 NX方案在晚期患者的治疗中用于一线化疗疗效更佳;GX方案在后续多线化疗中也可取得较好疗效。

吉西他滨联合顺铂二、三线治疗晚期三阴乳腺癌临床观察

目的观察吉西他滨／顺铂21天方案（GP方案），二、三线治疗转移性三阴乳腺癌（advanced triplenegative breastcancer，ATNBC）患者的疗效和不良反应。方法34例三阴乳腺癌患者，吉西他滨1．0g／In。第1、8天静脉滴注；顺铂25mg／m2。第1—3天静脉滴注，21天为一疗程，直到疾病进展或无法耐受或最多接受6周期化疗。结果34例患者共完成141个周期化疗，中位化疗周期3．5周期。均可评价疗效和不良反应。其中完全缓解0例（0％），部分缓解11例（32．35％），稳定9例（26．44％），进展14例（41．18％）。有效率（CR＋PR）32．4％（95％可信区间24．15％-40．55％），疾病控制率（CR＋PR＋SD）58．8％，中位疾病进展时间（TTP）3．9月，中位生存期（OS）10.0月。治疗后主要不良反应为血液学毒性，血小板减少发生率为61．8％。结论三阴性乳腺癌预后差，GP方案治疗ATNBC患者安全有效，不良反应可以耐受。

卡培他滨单药维持治疗晚期转移性乳腺癌疗效观察

目的观察和评价卡培他滨单药维持化疗治疗晚期转移性乳腺癌的临床疗效、生活质量改善和不良反应。方法 54例经病理学检查确诊的晚期转移性乳腺癌患者分为实验组30例,在以卡培他滨为主的两药联合化疗完成后,给予卡培他滨单药维持,剂量1 250 mg/m2,每天早、晚餐后30分钟口服,连服14天,21天为1周期,每2周期评价疗效,病灶进展则停药;对照组24例进行随访观察。结果实验组30例患者均可评价疗效,CR 0例,PR9例,SD 16例,PD 5例,有效率为30.0%,疾病控制率(CR+PR+SD)为83.3%(25/30),TTP、中位生存期及1年、2年生存率分别为6.1月、11.7月和56.7%、36.7%。对照组TTP、中位生存期及1年、2年生存率分别为5.4月、10.6月和54.1%、33.3%。实验组生活质量改善者占63.3%(19/30)。实验组常见的不良反应为手足综合征(60.0%)、皮肤色素沉着(46.7%)、腹泻(13.3%)、恶心、呕吐(13.3%)、口腔发炎(6.7%)、白细胞减少(20.0%)及血小板减少(10.0%),均能够耐受。结论卡培他滨单药维持化疗治疗晚期转移性乳腺癌,可延长患者生存时间,改善生活质量,不良反应轻,值得临床进一步研究。

XELOX方案一线化疗加卡培他滨维持治疗晚期胃癌的临床疗效分析

胃癌是危害国民身体健康的重大疾病之一,每年新发胃癌病例约40万,死亡人数约30万例,居恶性肿瘤第3位[1]。多数胃癌患者初诊时即为局部晚期或存在远处转移,失去手术机会,即使是接受根治性切除术的胃癌患者,仍有40%-0%会出现疾病复发。对于这部分晚期胃癌患者,化疗仍是其主要的治疗手段[2]。然而在过去30年中,胃癌的化疗研究进展缓慢,目前尚无标准方案。

泰索帝联合吡柔比星治疗晚期乳腺癌的疗效观察

目的:观察泰索帝联合吡柔比星治疗晚期乳腺癌临床疗效及不良反应。方法:26例均有组织病理学或细胞学诊断及可评价客观指标。采用泰索帝75mg/m2d1,静脉滴注1小时,用泰索帝前1天口服地塞米松10mg,连续3天。吡柔比星40mg/m2d2化疗。21天为1周期,2个周期评价疗效。结果:26例可评价疗效和不良反应。CR3例,PR16例,NC5例,PD2例,有效率73.1%。不良反应主要为白细胞减少Ⅲ度占34.6%,Ⅳ度占26.9%,脱发Ⅱ度占46.2%,Ⅲ度占23.1%,腹泻Ⅱ度占34.6%,Ⅲ度占23.1%。结论:泰索帝联合吡柔比星治疗晚期乳腺癌有效率较高,不良反应可以耐受。

吉西他滨联合卡培他滨治疗蒽环类和紫杉类药物耐药的转移性乳腺癌临床疗效分析

目的观察吉西他滨(Gemcitabine,GEM)联合卡培他滨(Capecitabine,CAP)治疗蒽环类和紫杉类药物耐药的转移性乳腺癌(anthracycline-and taxane-refractory metastatic breast cancer,ATRMBC)患者的疗效和不良反应。方法37例ATRMBC患者,采用吉西他滨联合卡培他滨方案化疗:吉西他滨1000mg/m2静脉滴注,第1、8天;卡培他滨1000mg/m2口服,每日两次,第1～14天;每3周为1周期。结果37例患者共完成155周期化疗,中位化疗周期数为4周期。完全缓解1例(2.7%),部分缓解14例(37.9%),稳定13例(35.1%),进展9例(24.3%);客观有效率40.6%(95%CI24.8～56.4);临床获益率64.9%(95%CI:49.5～80.3);平均随访14.8月,中位疾病进展时间7.3月(95%CI6.2～8.4),中位生存期15.6月(95%CI12.6～18.6)。结论吉西他滨联合卡培他滨是治疗蒽环类和紫杉类药物耐药的转移性乳腺癌的有效方案,其血液学和非血液学毒性能够耐受。

“乳癌术后方”抗高转移小鼠乳腺癌作用机制的研究

目的:初步探讨治疗乳腺癌的作用机制是否与调节机体免疫功能有关。方法:采用4T1乳腺癌小鼠为实验模型,口服中药"乳癌术后方",观察其抑瘤及抗肺转移作用,并对荷瘤小鼠T细胞增殖功能、T细胞表型及细胞因子IL-10、IL-12、IFNγ-等免疫指标进行检测。结果:实验显示"乳癌术后方"对荷瘤小鼠瘤体积抑制率及肺转移抑制率分别为42.70%、13.14%,与模型组相比能显著抑制肿瘤生长(P<0.01);中药与CTX同时使用还能将CTX的抑瘤率再提高13%(P<0.01),肺转移抑制率再提高近10%。与模型组相比,"乳腺癌术后方"能明显上调荷瘤小鼠T细胞和B细胞活性,下调巨噬细胞百分比,明显增强T淋巴细胞增殖能力(P<0.01),并能抑制荷瘤小鼠淋巴细胞IL-10的生成,增强IFNγ-及IL-12的产生,使之更接近正常小鼠水平。结论:"乳癌术后方"的抗肿瘤作用可能是通过减轻荷瘤宿主的免疫抑制、增强机体抗肿瘤免疫反应来实现的。

不同新辅助化疗方案对三阴性乳腺癌治疗疗效临床分析

目的观察新辅助化疗提高三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）手术切除的近期疗效及3种不同新辅助化疗方案的治疗效果.方法 150例局部晚期TNBC患者随机分为3组,每组各50例,A组采取TAC（多西他赛＋表阿霉素＋环磷酰胺）方案,B组采取TC（多西他赛＋环磷酰胺）方案,C组采取CEF（表阿霉素＋氟尿嘧啶＋环磷酰胺）进行新辅助化疗,观察化疗后近期疗效与不良反应.结果 TAC组有效率为92.0%,TC组为84.0%,CEF组为76.0%,3组化疗方案1~5周期均使同侧腋淋巴结缩小,且TAC组优于TC、CEF组（P〈0.05）,3组中不良反应因予预防干预,均较少.结论 TNBC对多西他赛＋表阿霉素＋环磷酰胺较多西他赛＋环磷酰胺及表阿霉素＋氟尿嘧啶＋环磷酰胺新辅助化疗更敏感,更易获c CR.

法乐通治疗晚期乳腺癌临床总结

目的：考察法乐通治疗晚期绝经后乳腺癌的疗效及其不良反应。方法：法乐通一线治疗每日一次６０ｍｇ口服，二线治疗每日一次１２０ｍｇ口服。结果：共６０例，有效率１８３％。一线治疗１８例，有效率３３３％。二线治疗４２例，有效率１１９％。淋巴结和骨转移疗效较好，肝转移、肺转移及胸壁转移也有一定疗效。一线治疗较二线治疗、未用内分泌治疗较曾用内分泌治疗、绝经时间长（≥１０年）较绝经时间短（＜１０年）以及疗后无瘤间期长（≥５年）较疗后无瘤间期短（＜５年）疗效好，不良反应轻微，主要为恶心、纳差。结论：法乐通是治疗晚期绝经后乳腺癌有效和安全的抗雌激素抗肿瘤新药。

卡培他滨单药一线治疗Ⅱa期老年乳腺癌的临床研究

目的:观察卡培他滨单药一线治疗Ⅱa期老年乳腺癌的临床疗效和不良反应。方法:2002年6月至2005年6月本院收治的71例Ⅱa期老年乳腺癌,患者术后分别行卡培他滨单药口服化疗(X组)及CEF方案化疗(CEF组)。结果:X组3年和5年总生存率分别为97.06%、94.12%,复发及转移率为5.88%,均与CEF组患者无明显差异(P>0.05)。X组具有口服给药的优势,不良反应以手足综合征为主,发生率82.35%,均可耐受,其胃肠道反应以及骨髓抑制程度等均显著低于CEF组(P<0.01),未有因不良反应减量、中断或放弃化疗者,且无明显化疗恐惧感。结论:对于Ⅱa期老年乳腺癌患者术后采用卡培他滨单药口服化疗疗效可靠,给药方便,不良反应极小,患者对治疗的耐受及依从性佳。

XELOX方案一线治疗晚期或复发胃癌的临床研究

目的研究XELOX方案一线治疗局部进展期、转移性的疗效及安全性。方法经组织学证实的局部进展期、转移性或复发胃癌胃腺癌患者41例,接受XELOX方案化疗(奥沙利铂130mg/m2,静脉滴注3h,第1天,卡培他滨1000mg/m2,口服,2次/d,第1～14天,每3周重复)。每2周期后进行疗效评价。中位治疗4个周期。结果41例接受XELOX方案一线治疗的患者中,4例不可评价,CR2例,PR15例,总有效率为41.5%,SD11例,PD9例。中位疾病进展时间为6.2个月,中位生存期达到11.8个月。XELOX方案治疗中导致3-4度毒性,其中神经毒性4例,手足综合征3例,血液学毒学4例。结论XELOX方案作为一线治疗晚期或复发胃癌疗效肯定,毒副反应轻,患者耐受性好。