BACKGROUND Multiple primary malignant neoplasms(MPMNs)are rare,while synchronous MPMNs(SMPMNs)are even less common.Owing to the progression of medical technology and the extension of life expectancy,its incidence is g...BACKGROUND Multiple primary malignant neoplasms(MPMNs)are rare,while synchronous MPMNs(SMPMNs)are even less common.Owing to the progression of medical technology and the extension of life expectancy,its incidence is gradually increasing.CASE SUMMARY Although reports of breast and thyroid dual cancers are common,cases of an additional diagnosis of kidney primary cancer within the same individual are rare.CONCLUSION We present a case of simultaneous MPMN of three endocrine organs,reviewing the relevant literature to enhance our understanding of SMPMNs while emphasizing the increasingly important need for accurate diagnosis and multidisciplinary management whenever this challenging situation arises.展开更多
AIM To investigate the feasibility and safety of secondary endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) for residual or locally recurrent gastric tumors. METHODS Between 2010 and 2017, 1623 consecutive patients underwent ESD...AIM To investigate the feasibility and safety of secondary endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) for residual or locally recurrent gastric tumors. METHODS Between 2010 and 2017, 1623 consecutive patients underwent ESD for gastric neoplasms at a single tertiary referral center. Among these, 28 patients underwent secondary ESD for a residual or locally recurrent tumor. Our analysis compared clinicopathologic factors between primary ESD and secondary ESD groups. RESULTS The en bloc resection and curative rate of resection of secondary ESD were 92.9% and 89.3%, respectively. The average procedure time of secondary ESD was significantly longer than primary ESD(78.2 min vs 55.1 min, P = 0.004), and the adverse events rate was not significantly different but trended slightly higher in the secondary ESD group compared to the primary ESD group(10.7% vs 3.8%, P = 0.095). Patients who received secondary ESD had favorable outcomes without severe adverse events. During a mean follow-up period, no local recurrence occurred in patients who received secondary ESD. CONCLUSION Secondary ESD of residual or locally recurrent gastric tumors appears to be a feasible and curative treatment though it requires greater technical efficiency and longer procedure time.展开更多
The aim of this study is to assess the occurrence and type of violence suffered by women with breast cancer in the High Complexity Care Unit of a municipality in the South of Minas and patients in a support group of t...The aim of this study is to assess the occurrence and type of violence suffered by women with breast cancer in the High Complexity Care Unit of a municipality in the South of Minas and patients in a support group of the University of the South of Minas Gerais. For that aim, a descriptive-exploratory methodology was applied through the quantitative method. Data were collected through a semi-structured form applied in individual interviews over a period of three months. We interviewed 57 patients and among those, 20 women （35.08%） reported having experienced some form of violence at some stage of their life, and the most frequently mentioned was the psychological violence followed by physical aggression. Although it was possible to identify that violence against affected these women, complaints against the aggressor were not affected.展开更多
Objective Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women. Accurate evaluation of the size and extent of the tumor is crucial in selecting a suitable surgical method for patients with breast cancer. Bot...Objective Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women. Accurate evaluation of the size and extent of the tumor is crucial in selecting a suitable surgical method for patients with breast cancer. Both overestimation and underestimation have important adverse effects on patient care. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of breast magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and ultrasound(US) examination for measuring the size and extent of early-stage breast neoplasms.Methods The longest diameter of breast tumors in patients with T_(1–2)N_(0–1)M_0 invasive breast cancer preparing for breast-conserving surgery(BCS) was measured preoperatively by using both MRI and US and their accuracy was compared with that of postoperative pathologic examination. If the diameter difference was within 2 mm, it was considered to be consistent with pathologic examination.Results A total of 36 patients were imaged using both MRI and US. The mean longest diameter of the tumors on MRI, US, and postoperative pathologic examination was 20.86 mm ± 4.09 mm(range: 11–27 mm), 16.14 mm ± 4.91 mm(range: 6–26 mm), and 18.36 mm ± 3.88 mm(range: 9–24 mm). US examination underestimated the size of the tumor compared to that determined using pathologic examination(t = 3.49, P < 0.01), while MRI overestimated it(t =-6.35, P < 0.01). The linear correlation coefficients between the image measurements and pathologic tumor size were r = 0.826(P < 0.01) for MRI and r = 0.645(P < 0.01) for US. The rate of consistency of MRI and US compared to that with pathologic examination was 88.89% and 80.65%, respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference between them(χ~2 = 0.80, P > 0.05).Conclusion MRI and US are both effective methods to assess the size of breast tumors, and they maintain good consistency with pathologic examination. MRI has a better correlation with pathology. However, we should be careful about the risk of inaccurate size estimation.展开更多
Over the last two decades multiple studies have demonstrated an increased incidence of additional malignancies in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms(IPMNs).Additional malignancies have been identif...Over the last two decades multiple studies have demonstrated an increased incidence of additional malignancies in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms(IPMNs).Additional malignancies have been identified in 10%-52% of patients with IPMNs.The majority of these additional cancers occur before or concurrent with the diagnosis of IPMN.The gastrointestinal tract is most commonly involved in secondary malignancies,with benign colon polyps and colon cancer commonly seen in western countries and gastric cancer commonly seen in Asian countries.Other extrapancreatic malignancies associated with IPMNs include benign and malignant esophageal neoplasms,gastrointestinal stromal tumors,carcinoid tumors,hepatobiliary cancers,breast cancers,prostate cancers,and lung cancers.There is no clear etiology for the development of secondary malignancies in patients with IPMN.Although population-based studies have shown different results from single institution studies regarding the exact incidence of additional primary cancers in IPMN patients,both have reached the same conclusion:there is a higher incidence of extrapancreatic malignancies in patients with IPMNs than in the general population.This f inding has signif icant clinical implications for both the initial evaluation and the subsequent long-term followup of patients with IPMNs.If a patient has not had recent colonoscopy,this should be performed during the evaluation of a newly diagnosed IPMN.Upper endoscopy should be performed in patients from Asian countries or for those who present with symptoms suggestive of upper gastrointestinal disease.Routine screening studies(breast and prostate) should be carried out as currently recommended for patient's age both before and after the diagnosis of IPMN.展开更多
BACKGROUND Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome manifesting as secondary Parkinson disease caused by breast cancer is extremely rare.CASE SUMMARY We report a 39-year-old primipara of 31 gestational weeks,who presented...BACKGROUND Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome manifesting as secondary Parkinson disease caused by breast cancer is extremely rare.CASE SUMMARY We report a 39-year-old primipara of 31 gestational weeks,who presented with worsening tremors,facial stiffness and speech disfluencies,and decreased limb strength.Thorough physical examinations and auxiliary tests suggested secondary Parkinson’s disease,but the pathogenesis was unknown.During the cesarean section at the 31 weeks plus 6 d,an exploration and liver biopsy revealed a metastatic,poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.The positron emission tomography and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed a breast ductal carcinoma of stage IV.To our knowledge,only two reports have documented the association between the breast cancer and the Parkinson disease,and neither occurred in pregnant women.CONCLUSION Our case alerts the secondary Parkinson disease as the possible presentation of breast cancer,the most common malignancy during pregnancy.展开更多
Breast cancer is a global health concern with a significant impact on the well-being of women. Worldwide, the past several decades have witnessed changes in the incidence and mortality of breast cancer. Additionally,e...Breast cancer is a global health concern with a significant impact on the well-being of women. Worldwide, the past several decades have witnessed changes in the incidence and mortality of breast cancer. Additionally,epidemiological data reveal distinct geographic and demographic disparities globally. A range of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors are established as being associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer.This review discusses genetic, hormonal, behavioral, environmental, and breast-related risk factors. Screening plays a critical role in the effective management of breast cancer. Various screening modalities, including mammography,ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), and physical examination, have different applications, and a combination of these modalities is applied in practice. Current screening recommendations are based on factors including age and risk, with a significant emphasis on minimizing potential harms to achieve an optimal benefits-to-harms ratio. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the epidemiology, risk factors, and screening of breast cancer. Understanding these elements is crucial for improving breast cancer management and reducing its burden on affected individuals and healthcare systems.展开更多
Implant-based reconstruction is the most common method of breast reconstruction.Autologous breast reconstruction is an indispensable option for breast reconstruction demanding keen microsurgical skills and robust anat...Implant-based reconstruction is the most common method of breast reconstruction.Autologous breast reconstruction is an indispensable option for breast reconstruction demanding keen microsurgical skills and robust anatomical understanding.The reconstructive choice is made by the patient after a discussion with the plastic surgeon covering all the available options.Advantages and disadvantages of each technique along with long-term oncologic outcome are reviewed.展开更多
BACKGROUND Granular cell tumor(GCT)of the breast(GCTB)is a rare neoplasm that can exhibit malignant characteristics both clinically and radiologically.This tumor can also coexist and colocalize with breast carcinoma.C...BACKGROUND Granular cell tumor(GCT)of the breast(GCTB)is a rare neoplasm that can exhibit malignant characteristics both clinically and radiologically.This tumor can also coexist and colocalize with breast carcinoma.CASE SUMMARY We present a patient with this uncommon tumor and discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in order to further the knowledge of GCTB and prevent misdiagnosis and overtreatment.The characteristics of the tumor,methods of diagnosis,therapy and postoperative pathological outcomes were analyzed,and relevant literatures of GCTs were reviewed.The patient underwent surgery after core needle biopsy,and the excised neoplasm was sent for pathological examination.Histological analysis revealed nests of cells with abundant pink granular cytoplasm,confirming the diagnosis of GCTB.CONCLUSION As manifestations of GCT and malignancy can mimic each other,a careful histological examination is essential before major surgery.Treatment consisting of complete excision with close clinical follow-up is recommended.展开更多
We reported the rare case of an elderly man with secondary breast lymphoma （SBL） associated with magnetic resonance imaging findings. MR images demonstrated multiple well-defined masses in the left breast, with hete...We reported the rare case of an elderly man with secondary breast lymphoma （SBL） associated with magnetic resonance imaging findings. MR images demonstrated multiple well-defined masses in the left breast, with heterogeneous enhancement on dynamic contrast-enhanced sequences. The time signal-intensity curve rapidly increased during the initial rise phase and washed out during the delayed phase. The apparent diffusion coefficient （ADC） value was 0.649 x 104 mm2/s. Maximum intensity projection （MIP） showed that the masses were distributed in the upper outer quadrant, in the axillary region and in the lower outer region of the left chest wall. The pathology confirmed the diagnosis of non-Flodgkin＇s lymphoma. The combination of morphological and kinetic features, as well as a significantly lower ADC value, are helpful in the diagnosis of breast lymphoma and its differentiation from breast cancer.展开更多
A cross-sectional online survey was conducted.A high proportion of the Chinese breast cancer(BC)physician respondents(n=77)would prescribe extended adjuvant endocrine therapy(AET)with aromatase inhibitors(AI)beyond 5 ...A cross-sectional online survey was conducted.A high proportion of the Chinese breast cancer(BC)physician respondents(n=77)would prescribe extended adjuvant endocrine therapy(AET)with aromatase inhibitors(AI)beyond 5 years for postmenopausal females with BC,especially those with higher risk.Respondents with≥15 years of clinical experience were more likely to prescribe a longer duration of AET for low-risk patients.Half of the respondents considered intermittent letrozole as an acceptable option.Most respondents would prescribe adjuvant chemotherapy to genomic high-intermediate risk[Oncotype DX recurrence score(RS)21-25]females aged≤50 years regardless of the clinical risk classification.展开更多
目的探讨基于组织学、免疫组化的三阴型乳腺癌(triple-negative breast cancer,TNBC)分型标准,为完善TNBC分型治疗提供理论依据。方法根据组织学特点和免疫组化标志物AR、CD8、FOXC1的表达对TNBC进行分型,比较TNBC亚型的临床病理特征、...目的探讨基于组织学、免疫组化的三阴型乳腺癌(triple-negative breast cancer,TNBC)分型标准,为完善TNBC分型治疗提供理论依据。方法根据组织学特点和免疫组化标志物AR、CD8、FOXC1的表达对TNBC进行分型,比较TNBC亚型的临床病理特征、预后差异。结果93例TNBC中腔面雄激素受体型23例(24.7%),免疫调节型24例(25.8%),基底样免疫抑制型39例(42.0%),间充质型7例(7.5%)。TNBC亚型的临床病理特征:pT分期(P=0.030)、组织学分级(P<0.001)、肿瘤间质淋巴细胞浸润模式(P<0.001)、PD-L1(P<0.001)、HER2低表达(P=0.024)差异均有统计学意义;各亚型间的无瘤生存率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。单因素分层生存分析:亚型间pT1分期的无瘤生存率差异有统计学意义(P=0.011),其余临床病理特征均为非独立预后因素。结论TNBC基于组织学、免疫组化分型的临床病理特征有差异,有望替代复杂基因表达谱分型,为TNBC分型和靶向治疗提供理论依据。展开更多
基金Shanxi Soft Science General Program,No.2018041032-2.
文摘BACKGROUND Multiple primary malignant neoplasms(MPMNs)are rare,while synchronous MPMNs(SMPMNs)are even less common.Owing to the progression of medical technology and the extension of life expectancy,its incidence is gradually increasing.CASE SUMMARY Although reports of breast and thyroid dual cancers are common,cases of an additional diagnosis of kidney primary cancer within the same individual are rare.CONCLUSION We present a case of simultaneous MPMN of three endocrine organs,reviewing the relevant literature to enhance our understanding of SMPMNs while emphasizing the increasingly important need for accurate diagnosis and multidisciplinary management whenever this challenging situation arises.
基金Supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(NRF-2015R1C1A1A01054352)
文摘AIM To investigate the feasibility and safety of secondary endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) for residual or locally recurrent gastric tumors. METHODS Between 2010 and 2017, 1623 consecutive patients underwent ESD for gastric neoplasms at a single tertiary referral center. Among these, 28 patients underwent secondary ESD for a residual or locally recurrent tumor. Our analysis compared clinicopathologic factors between primary ESD and secondary ESD groups. RESULTS The en bloc resection and curative rate of resection of secondary ESD were 92.9% and 89.3%, respectively. The average procedure time of secondary ESD was significantly longer than primary ESD(78.2 min vs 55.1 min, P = 0.004), and the adverse events rate was not significantly different but trended slightly higher in the secondary ESD group compared to the primary ESD group(10.7% vs 3.8%, P = 0.095). Patients who received secondary ESD had favorable outcomes without severe adverse events. During a mean follow-up period, no local recurrence occurred in patients who received secondary ESD. CONCLUSION Secondary ESD of residual or locally recurrent gastric tumors appears to be a feasible and curative treatment though it requires greater technical efficiency and longer procedure time.
文摘The aim of this study is to assess the occurrence and type of violence suffered by women with breast cancer in the High Complexity Care Unit of a municipality in the South of Minas and patients in a support group of the University of the South of Minas Gerais. For that aim, a descriptive-exploratory methodology was applied through the quantitative method. Data were collected through a semi-structured form applied in individual interviews over a period of three months. We interviewed 57 patients and among those, 20 women （35.08%） reported having experienced some form of violence at some stage of their life, and the most frequently mentioned was the psychological violence followed by physical aggression. Although it was possible to identify that violence against affected these women, complaints against the aggressor were not affected.
文摘Objective Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women. Accurate evaluation of the size and extent of the tumor is crucial in selecting a suitable surgical method for patients with breast cancer. Both overestimation and underestimation have important adverse effects on patient care. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of breast magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and ultrasound(US) examination for measuring the size and extent of early-stage breast neoplasms.Methods The longest diameter of breast tumors in patients with T_(1–2)N_(0–1)M_0 invasive breast cancer preparing for breast-conserving surgery(BCS) was measured preoperatively by using both MRI and US and their accuracy was compared with that of postoperative pathologic examination. If the diameter difference was within 2 mm, it was considered to be consistent with pathologic examination.Results A total of 36 patients were imaged using both MRI and US. The mean longest diameter of the tumors on MRI, US, and postoperative pathologic examination was 20.86 mm ± 4.09 mm(range: 11–27 mm), 16.14 mm ± 4.91 mm(range: 6–26 mm), and 18.36 mm ± 3.88 mm(range: 9–24 mm). US examination underestimated the size of the tumor compared to that determined using pathologic examination(t = 3.49, P < 0.01), while MRI overestimated it(t =-6.35, P < 0.01). The linear correlation coefficients between the image measurements and pathologic tumor size were r = 0.826(P < 0.01) for MRI and r = 0.645(P < 0.01) for US. The rate of consistency of MRI and US compared to that with pathologic examination was 88.89% and 80.65%, respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference between them(χ~2 = 0.80, P > 0.05).Conclusion MRI and US are both effective methods to assess the size of breast tumors, and they maintain good consistency with pathologic examination. MRI has a better correlation with pathology. However, we should be careful about the risk of inaccurate size estimation.
文摘Over the last two decades multiple studies have demonstrated an increased incidence of additional malignancies in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms(IPMNs).Additional malignancies have been identified in 10%-52% of patients with IPMNs.The majority of these additional cancers occur before or concurrent with the diagnosis of IPMN.The gastrointestinal tract is most commonly involved in secondary malignancies,with benign colon polyps and colon cancer commonly seen in western countries and gastric cancer commonly seen in Asian countries.Other extrapancreatic malignancies associated with IPMNs include benign and malignant esophageal neoplasms,gastrointestinal stromal tumors,carcinoid tumors,hepatobiliary cancers,breast cancers,prostate cancers,and lung cancers.There is no clear etiology for the development of secondary malignancies in patients with IPMN.Although population-based studies have shown different results from single institution studies regarding the exact incidence of additional primary cancers in IPMN patients,both have reached the same conclusion:there is a higher incidence of extrapancreatic malignancies in patients with IPMNs than in the general population.This f inding has signif icant clinical implications for both the initial evaluation and the subsequent long-term followup of patients with IPMNs.If a patient has not had recent colonoscopy,this should be performed during the evaluation of a newly diagnosed IPMN.Upper endoscopy should be performed in patients from Asian countries or for those who present with symptoms suggestive of upper gastrointestinal disease.Routine screening studies(breast and prostate) should be carried out as currently recommended for patient's age both before and after the diagnosis of IPMN.
基金Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Initiative for Innovative Medicine,No.CAMS-2017-I2M-1-002National Sciencetechnology Support Plan Projects,No.2015BAI13B04
文摘BACKGROUND Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome manifesting as secondary Parkinson disease caused by breast cancer is extremely rare.CASE SUMMARY We report a 39-year-old primipara of 31 gestational weeks,who presented with worsening tremors,facial stiffness and speech disfluencies,and decreased limb strength.Thorough physical examinations and auxiliary tests suggested secondary Parkinson’s disease,but the pathogenesis was unknown.During the cesarean section at the 31 weeks plus 6 d,an exploration and liver biopsy revealed a metastatic,poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.The positron emission tomography and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed a breast ductal carcinoma of stage IV.To our knowledge,only two reports have documented the association between the breast cancer and the Parkinson disease,and neither occurred in pregnant women.CONCLUSION Our case alerts the secondary Parkinson disease as the possible presentation of breast cancer,the most common malignancy during pregnancy.
基金supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (No. 2021-I2M-1-014 and No. 2022-I2M-2-002)。
文摘Breast cancer is a global health concern with a significant impact on the well-being of women. Worldwide, the past several decades have witnessed changes in the incidence and mortality of breast cancer. Additionally,epidemiological data reveal distinct geographic and demographic disparities globally. A range of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors are established as being associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer.This review discusses genetic, hormonal, behavioral, environmental, and breast-related risk factors. Screening plays a critical role in the effective management of breast cancer. Various screening modalities, including mammography,ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), and physical examination, have different applications, and a combination of these modalities is applied in practice. Current screening recommendations are based on factors including age and risk, with a significant emphasis on minimizing potential harms to achieve an optimal benefits-to-harms ratio. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the epidemiology, risk factors, and screening of breast cancer. Understanding these elements is crucial for improving breast cancer management and reducing its burden on affected individuals and healthcare systems.
文摘Implant-based reconstruction is the most common method of breast reconstruction.Autologous breast reconstruction is an indispensable option for breast reconstruction demanding keen microsurgical skills and robust anatomical understanding.The reconstructive choice is made by the patient after a discussion with the plastic surgeon covering all the available options.Advantages and disadvantages of each technique along with long-term oncologic outcome are reviewed.
文摘BACKGROUND Granular cell tumor(GCT)of the breast(GCTB)is a rare neoplasm that can exhibit malignant characteristics both clinically and radiologically.This tumor can also coexist and colocalize with breast carcinoma.CASE SUMMARY We present a patient with this uncommon tumor and discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in order to further the knowledge of GCTB and prevent misdiagnosis and overtreatment.The characteristics of the tumor,methods of diagnosis,therapy and postoperative pathological outcomes were analyzed,and relevant literatures of GCTs were reviewed.The patient underwent surgery after core needle biopsy,and the excised neoplasm was sent for pathological examination.Histological analysis revealed nests of cells with abundant pink granular cytoplasm,confirming the diagnosis of GCTB.CONCLUSION As manifestations of GCT and malignancy can mimic each other,a careful histological examination is essential before major surgery.Treatment consisting of complete excision with close clinical follow-up is recommended.
文摘We reported the rare case of an elderly man with secondary breast lymphoma （SBL） associated with magnetic resonance imaging findings. MR images demonstrated multiple well-defined masses in the left breast, with heterogeneous enhancement on dynamic contrast-enhanced sequences. The time signal-intensity curve rapidly increased during the initial rise phase and washed out during the delayed phase. The apparent diffusion coefficient （ADC） value was 0.649 x 104 mm2/s. Maximum intensity projection （MIP） showed that the masses were distributed in the upper outer quadrant, in the axillary region and in the lower outer region of the left chest wall. The pathology confirmed the diagnosis of non-Flodgkin＇s lymphoma. The combination of morphological and kinetic features, as well as a significantly lower ADC value, are helpful in the diagnosis of breast lymphoma and its differentiation from breast cancer.
文摘A cross-sectional online survey was conducted.A high proportion of the Chinese breast cancer(BC)physician respondents(n=77)would prescribe extended adjuvant endocrine therapy(AET)with aromatase inhibitors(AI)beyond 5 years for postmenopausal females with BC,especially those with higher risk.Respondents with≥15 years of clinical experience were more likely to prescribe a longer duration of AET for low-risk patients.Half of the respondents considered intermittent letrozole as an acceptable option.Most respondents would prescribe adjuvant chemotherapy to genomic high-intermediate risk[Oncotype DX recurrence score(RS)21-25]females aged≤50 years regardless of the clinical risk classification.
文摘目的探讨基于组织学、免疫组化的三阴型乳腺癌(triple-negative breast cancer,TNBC)分型标准,为完善TNBC分型治疗提供理论依据。方法根据组织学特点和免疫组化标志物AR、CD8、FOXC1的表达对TNBC进行分型,比较TNBC亚型的临床病理特征、预后差异。结果93例TNBC中腔面雄激素受体型23例(24.7%),免疫调节型24例(25.8%),基底样免疫抑制型39例(42.0%),间充质型7例(7.5%)。TNBC亚型的临床病理特征:pT分期(P=0.030)、组织学分级(P<0.001)、肿瘤间质淋巴细胞浸润模式(P<0.001)、PD-L1(P<0.001)、HER2低表达(P=0.024)差异均有统计学意义;各亚型间的无瘤生存率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。单因素分层生存分析:亚型间pT1分期的无瘤生存率差异有统计学意义(P=0.011),其余临床病理特征均为非独立预后因素。结论TNBC基于组织学、免疫组化分型的临床病理特征有差异,有望替代复杂基因表达谱分型,为TNBC分型和靶向治疗提供理论依据。
