Based on histological analyses and field studies,this research describes the reproductive ecology of a population of Ninia atrata snakes inhabiting an oil palm plantation.Furthermore,through a multivariate approach,we...Based on histological analyses and field studies,this research describes the reproductive ecology of a population of Ninia atrata snakes inhabiting an oil palm plantation.Furthermore,through a multivariate approach,we explored the main drivers of reproductive output in N.atrata.Results showed that prey abundance and food intake were crucial variables contributing to reproductive output.Multiple linear regression models showed that neonates had high sensitivity(R2=55.29%)to extreme changes in climate,which was strongly related to slug and snail abundance variability and microhabitat quality.Reproductive cycles were markedly different between the sexes,being continuous in males and cyclical in females.Despite this variation,reproductive cycles at the population level were seasonal semi-synchronous.Constant recruitment of neonates all year,multiple clutches,high mating frequency,and continuous sperm production characterized the reproductive phenology of N.atrata.In addition,a significant number of previtellogenic females presented oviductal sperm as well as uterine scars,suggesting a high precocity in the species.The main drivers of reproductive output also differed between the sexes.In females,clutch size and secondary follicle variability were highly related to stomach bolus volume,fat body area,and body mass.In males,height of piles of palm leaves and body mass,rather than intrinsic reproductive traits,were the main drivers of sperm production.Nevertheless,in both cases,the relationship between body mass,prey abundance,and food intake suggests that N.atrata follows the income breeding strategy to compensate for reproductive costs and to maximize fitness.展开更多
Nyingchi City situated at the southeast of Tibet is known for its Tibetan pigs,selling pork contributes a key part of the villagers’family income.The pork of the Tibetan pigs is more expensive than the common pork in...Nyingchi City situated at the southeast of Tibet is known for its Tibetan pigs,selling pork contributes a key part of the villagers’family income.The pork of the Tibetan pigs is more expensive than the common pork in the markets,because it is believed with better taste and good for health.In many Tibetan farming areas and especially in the eastern Nyingchi,normally,each family raises ten to fifteen Tibetan pigs.It is called the Tibetan pigs,because the pig breed was said to be domesticated from wild boar,according to local Tibetans.展开更多
基金supported by the Faculty of Sciences and Project Management Program of the Welfare Office of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia under Grant Nos.3733,1150,1302,1567,and 3093Colciencias Scholarship Doctoral Program under Grant No.6172+1 种基金Yoluka NGO,Biodiversity and Conservation Research Foundation under Grant No.001-2014Universidad Manuela Beltran under act 13072019 and Palmasol S.A.Ac001-2014。
文摘Based on histological analyses and field studies,this research describes the reproductive ecology of a population of Ninia atrata snakes inhabiting an oil palm plantation.Furthermore,through a multivariate approach,we explored the main drivers of reproductive output in N.atrata.Results showed that prey abundance and food intake were crucial variables contributing to reproductive output.Multiple linear regression models showed that neonates had high sensitivity(R2=55.29%)to extreme changes in climate,which was strongly related to slug and snail abundance variability and microhabitat quality.Reproductive cycles were markedly different between the sexes,being continuous in males and cyclical in females.Despite this variation,reproductive cycles at the population level were seasonal semi-synchronous.Constant recruitment of neonates all year,multiple clutches,high mating frequency,and continuous sperm production characterized the reproductive phenology of N.atrata.In addition,a significant number of previtellogenic females presented oviductal sperm as well as uterine scars,suggesting a high precocity in the species.The main drivers of reproductive output also differed between the sexes.In females,clutch size and secondary follicle variability were highly related to stomach bolus volume,fat body area,and body mass.In males,height of piles of palm leaves and body mass,rather than intrinsic reproductive traits,were the main drivers of sperm production.Nevertheless,in both cases,the relationship between body mass,prey abundance,and food intake suggests that N.atrata follows the income breeding strategy to compensate for reproductive costs and to maximize fitness.
文摘Nyingchi City situated at the southeast of Tibet is known for its Tibetan pigs,selling pork contributes a key part of the villagers’family income.The pork of the Tibetan pigs is more expensive than the common pork in the markets,because it is believed with better taste and good for health.In many Tibetan farming areas and especially in the eastern Nyingchi,normally,each family raises ten to fifteen Tibetan pigs.It is called the Tibetan pigs,because the pig breed was said to be domesticated from wild boar,according to local Tibetans.
