Guizhou golden monkey (Phinopithecus roxellanae brelichi) is a peculiar, rare and endangered species. It is dis-tributed most narrowly and requires a rigorous habitat. In this study the habitats of Guizhou Golden Monk...Guizhou golden monkey (Phinopithecus roxellanae brelichi) is a peculiar, rare and endangered species. It is dis-tributed most narrowly and requires a rigorous habitat. In this study the habitats of Guizhou Golden Monkey were divided into three habitats: most suitable habitats, suitable habitats and marginally suitable habitats. The characteristics of the vegetation community, environmental factors and extreme environmental factors in the three habitats were systematically analyzed. The seasonal activity rule, activity area and the food characteristic of Guizhou golden monkey were also study at the same time. The results indicate that the evergreen and deciduous broadleaf mixed forest is the optimal living vegetation community for Guizhou golden Monkey, and the suitable annual temperature is 8-15 C, the extremely lowest temperature is 2.5 C, the extremely highest temperature is 25 C, and the optimal living altitude is 1500-1700 m. In the same area, the higher the vegetation diversity, the more suitable it is for the life of Guizhou golden monkey. Temperature and food are the main habitat factors in determining the activity scope of the guizhou golden monkey community. The Altitude, temperature and the characteristics of the vegetation community are the main limiting factors for habitat selection.展开更多
Guizhou snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus brelichi) is a unique, endangered primate in China, mainly distributed in Fanjing Mountain National Natural Reserve, Guizhou Province, in an area of 275 km2. Recently, habitat ...Guizhou snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus brelichi) is a unique, endangered primate in China, mainly distributed in Fanjing Mountain National Natural Reserve, Guizhou Province, in an area of 275 km2. Recently, habitat loss and fragmentation have caused population isolation. To assess genetic diversity within this species and its population structure, we sequenced 400 bp of the hypervariable I segment from the mitochondrial DNA control region for 128 individuals. Only one haplotype was identified from these individuals. Compared with other primate species, R. brelichi can be regarded as a species with very low genetic diversity, which further adds to the conservation concern.展开更多
川、滇、黔金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana、Rh.bieti、Rh.brelichi)均为我国特有种,国家一级重点野生保护动物。作为典型的食叶动物,其肠道微生物组特性研究也备受学者关注。为探究川、滇、黔金丝猴肠道微生物组结构,促进金丝猴胃肠...川、滇、黔金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana、Rh.bieti、Rh.brelichi)均为我国特有种,国家一级重点野生保护动物。作为典型的食叶动物,其肠道微生物组特性研究也备受学者关注。为探究川、滇、黔金丝猴肠道微生物组结构,促进金丝猴胃肠道健康及为相关疾病防控提供参考数据,以北京动物园管理处圈养的3种7只金丝猴为研究对象,采用16S r DNA测序及分析技术,开展相同圈养环境下3种金丝猴肠道微生物组差异研究。结果显示:圈养健康金丝猴肠道微生物组的优势菌门为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria),这与人类肠道微生物组成分相似,金丝猴暴露于人类影响和圈养环境中可能会引起肠道微生物组人源化;川金丝猴样本的肠道微生物群落的丰富度和多样性低于滇、黔金丝猴,3种金丝猴在细菌域不同分类水平上存在多物种的差异,且3种金丝猴OTUs在不同分类水平共检测到47个微生物标志物的相对丰度存在显著差异。圈养条件下,3种金丝猴的食物种类和结构基本一致,这提示相同圈养环境下3种金丝猴肠道微生物组间的差异可能并非源于圈养环境下的食物组成;此外,腹泻滇金丝猴样本肠道微生物组多样性显著降低,同时伴随着优势菌结构的改变和潜在病原菌的出现,肠道微生物菌群的紊乱可能导致个体腹泻的发生,变形菌门弧菌属(Vibrio)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)、克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)和泛菌属(Pantoea)4个属的出现可能导致个体腹泻。研究结果可为圈养金丝猴的饲养繁殖、营养代谢和胃肠道适应等方面提供参考信息。展开更多
From August 2007 to June 2008,the diet and social structure of a group of gray snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus brelichi) were studied at Yangaoping in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve,Guizhou.The results revealed ...From August 2007 to June 2008,the diet and social structure of a group of gray snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus brelichi) were studied at Yangaoping in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve,Guizhou.The results revealed that the gray snub-nosed monkey mainly fed on leaves,buds,fruits and flowers,accounting for 33.5%,29.1%,24.3%,and 6.9% of their diet,respectively.Besides those main food items,bark,calyxes and insects were also recorded.The social unit of the species is multi-female,single-male units,and these social units(or families) often ranged and rested together in large,semi-cohesive bands.At least one all-male unit,which was composed of 2-5 adult and sub-adult males was found on the periphery of the bands.The adult sex ratio(male vs female,excepting the all-male group) was 1∶2.5.These bands displayed a temporary fission-fusion phenomenon.In summer and autumn the bands form large aggregations of over 400 animals,but in winter the bands split up temporarily into several small groups with 50-200 animals.展开更多
黔金丝猴（Rhinopithecus brelichi）,隶属灵长目（Primates）,猴科（Cercopithecidae）,疣猴亚科（Colobinae）仰鼻猴属（Rhinopithecus）,是中国一级保护珍稀动物,世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）将其列为濒危（En）物种,仅分布在贵州省铜...黔金丝猴（Rhinopithecus brelichi）,隶属灵长目（Primates）,猴科（Cercopithecidae）,疣猴亚科（Colobinae）仰鼻猴属（Rhinopithecus）,是中国一级保护珍稀动物,世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）将其列为濒危（En）物种,仅分布在贵州省铜仁市梵净山国家级自然保护区内。对于黔金丝猴的研究,迄今为止仅有关于这个物种的种群遗传多样性（Pan et al.,2011）、夜宿地选择（Xiang et al.,2009b）以及保护状态（Xiang et al.,2009a）等少量的报道。对于该物种的保护而言,展开更多
物种共存在一定程度上取决于对资源的竞争分化,使其都有足够的资源保障生存和繁殖(Macarthur and Levins,1967;Schoener,1974)。根据竞争排斥原则,生态相似的物种在资源竞争中必然存在生态位的分化(Hardin,1960)。在众多的生态维度中,...物种共存在一定程度上取决于对资源的竞争分化,使其都有足够的资源保障生存和繁殖(Macarthur and Levins,1967;Schoener,1974)。根据竞争排斥原则,生态相似的物种在资源竞争中必然存在生态位的分化(Hardin,1960)。在众多的生态维度中,栖息地分化所形成的空间分布差异是同域野生动物最为常见和重要的生态位分化形式(Schoener,1974)。同时,了解栖息地选择如何影响同域野生动物的空间分布是研究资源分配和竞争模式的必要前提(Rosenzweig,1981)。展开更多
Extractive foraging(EF)involves the exploitation of hidden or embedded foods,generally any food that is not visible to the naked eye.Therefore,EF is particularly important for survival in marginal habitats as it provi...Extractive foraging(EF)involves the exploitation of hidden or embedded foods,generally any food that is not visible to the naked eye.Therefore,EF is particularly important for survival in marginal habitats as it provides seasonal fallback foods in low food availability seasons.Although many studies consider primates’EF behavior and category,colobine species are usually categorized as non-extractive foragers and few studies quantitatively examine their EF behavior.In this study,we examined the EF behavior of one colobine species,the gray snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus brelichi),at Yangaoping in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve,Guizhou.We recorded 6 categories of EF behaviors.The most frequently sought-out foods were seeds,young bamboo and invertebrates.Extracted foods accounted for an average of 26.02%of feeding records.As the monkey engages in little EF behavior in the winter when the food availability is low,these results seem to do not support the hypothesis that EF serves to secure additional resources during lean times in marginal or seasonal habitats.According to these findings,we suggest R.brelich should be considered as an extractive forager.Our study also highlights the need for increased representation of colobines in the EF literature to better inform the discussion concerning its link to primate brain evolution.展开更多
文摘Guizhou golden monkey (Phinopithecus roxellanae brelichi) is a peculiar, rare and endangered species. It is dis-tributed most narrowly and requires a rigorous habitat. In this study the habitats of Guizhou Golden Monkey were divided into three habitats: most suitable habitats, suitable habitats and marginally suitable habitats. The characteristics of the vegetation community, environmental factors and extreme environmental factors in the three habitats were systematically analyzed. The seasonal activity rule, activity area and the food characteristic of Guizhou golden monkey were also study at the same time. The results indicate that the evergreen and deciduous broadleaf mixed forest is the optimal living vegetation community for Guizhou golden Monkey, and the suitable annual temperature is 8-15 C, the extremely lowest temperature is 2.5 C, the extremely highest temperature is 25 C, and the optimal living altitude is 1500-1700 m. In the same area, the higher the vegetation diversity, the more suitable it is for the life of Guizhou golden monkey. Temperature and food are the main habitat factors in determining the activity scope of the guizhou golden monkey community. The Altitude, temperature and the characteristics of the vegetation community are the main limiting factors for habitat selection.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (YX2011-33)the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (30900142 and 30870375)+1 种基金the Project of Public Benefit (201104073)the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB411600)
文摘Guizhou snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus brelichi) is a unique, endangered primate in China, mainly distributed in Fanjing Mountain National Natural Reserve, Guizhou Province, in an area of 275 km2. Recently, habitat loss and fragmentation have caused population isolation. To assess genetic diversity within this species and its population structure, we sequenced 400 bp of the hypervariable I segment from the mitochondrial DNA control region for 128 individuals. Only one haplotype was identified from these individuals. Compared with other primate species, R. brelichi can be regarded as a species with very low genetic diversity, which further adds to the conservation concern.
文摘川、滇、黔金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana、Rh.bieti、Rh.brelichi)均为我国特有种,国家一级重点野生保护动物。作为典型的食叶动物,其肠道微生物组特性研究也备受学者关注。为探究川、滇、黔金丝猴肠道微生物组结构,促进金丝猴胃肠道健康及为相关疾病防控提供参考数据,以北京动物园管理处圈养的3种7只金丝猴为研究对象,采用16S r DNA测序及分析技术,开展相同圈养环境下3种金丝猴肠道微生物组差异研究。结果显示:圈养健康金丝猴肠道微生物组的优势菌门为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria),这与人类肠道微生物组成分相似,金丝猴暴露于人类影响和圈养环境中可能会引起肠道微生物组人源化;川金丝猴样本的肠道微生物群落的丰富度和多样性低于滇、黔金丝猴,3种金丝猴在细菌域不同分类水平上存在多物种的差异,且3种金丝猴OTUs在不同分类水平共检测到47个微生物标志物的相对丰度存在显著差异。圈养条件下,3种金丝猴的食物种类和结构基本一致,这提示相同圈养环境下3种金丝猴肠道微生物组间的差异可能并非源于圈养环境下的食物组成;此外,腹泻滇金丝猴样本肠道微生物组多样性显著降低,同时伴随着优势菌结构的改变和潜在病原菌的出现,肠道微生物菌群的紊乱可能导致个体腹泻的发生,变形菌门弧菌属(Vibrio)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)、克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)和泛菌属(Pantoea)4个属的出现可能导致个体腹泻。研究结果可为圈养金丝猴的饲养繁殖、营养代谢和胃肠道适应等方面提供参考信息。
文摘From August 2007 to June 2008,the diet and social structure of a group of gray snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus brelichi) were studied at Yangaoping in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve,Guizhou.The results revealed that the gray snub-nosed monkey mainly fed on leaves,buds,fruits and flowers,accounting for 33.5%,29.1%,24.3%,and 6.9% of their diet,respectively.Besides those main food items,bark,calyxes and insects were also recorded.The social unit of the species is multi-female,single-male units,and these social units(or families) often ranged and rested together in large,semi-cohesive bands.At least one all-male unit,which was composed of 2-5 adult and sub-adult males was found on the periphery of the bands.The adult sex ratio(male vs female,excepting the all-male group) was 1∶2.5.These bands displayed a temporary fission-fusion phenomenon.In summer and autumn the bands form large aggregations of over 400 animals,but in winter the bands split up temporarily into several small groups with 50-200 animals.
文摘黔金丝猴（Rhinopithecus brelichi）,隶属灵长目（Primates）,猴科（Cercopithecidae）,疣猴亚科（Colobinae）仰鼻猴属（Rhinopithecus）,是中国一级保护珍稀动物,世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）将其列为濒危（En）物种,仅分布在贵州省铜仁市梵净山国家级自然保护区内。对于黔金丝猴的研究,迄今为止仅有关于这个物种的种群遗传多样性（Pan et al.,2011）、夜宿地选择（Xiang et al.,2009b）以及保护状态（Xiang et al.,2009a）等少量的报道。对于该物种的保护而言,
文摘物种共存在一定程度上取决于对资源的竞争分化,使其都有足够的资源保障生存和繁殖(Macarthur and Levins,1967;Schoener,1974)。根据竞争排斥原则,生态相似的物种在资源竞争中必然存在生态位的分化(Hardin,1960)。在众多的生态维度中,栖息地分化所形成的空间分布差异是同域野生动物最为常见和重要的生态位分化形式(Schoener,1974)。同时,了解栖息地选择如何影响同域野生动物的空间分布是研究资源分配和竞争模式的必要前提(Rosenzweig,1981)。
基金supported by grants from the Project of Public Benefit for Forestry(201104073)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31071937)+1 种基金the State Forestry Administration of ChinaInnovation Platform Open Projects of Education Bureau of Hunan Province(11K078).
文摘Extractive foraging(EF)involves the exploitation of hidden or embedded foods,generally any food that is not visible to the naked eye.Therefore,EF is particularly important for survival in marginal habitats as it provides seasonal fallback foods in low food availability seasons.Although many studies consider primates’EF behavior and category,colobine species are usually categorized as non-extractive foragers and few studies quantitatively examine their EF behavior.In this study,we examined the EF behavior of one colobine species,the gray snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus brelichi),at Yangaoping in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve,Guizhou.We recorded 6 categories of EF behaviors.The most frequently sought-out foods were seeds,young bamboo and invertebrates.Extracted foods accounted for an average of 26.02%of feeding records.As the monkey engages in little EF behavior in the winter when the food availability is low,these results seem to do not support the hypothesis that EF serves to secure additional resources during lean times in marginal or seasonal habitats.According to these findings,we suggest R.brelich should be considered as an extractive forager.Our study also highlights the need for increased representation of colobines in the EF literature to better inform the discussion concerning its link to primate brain evolution.
