The study was conducted to evaluate the changes in soil properties due to the impacts of brick kiln in the vicinity of the Kirtonkhola River, Barisal. The study was carried out by determining the physical, physico-che...The study was conducted to evaluate the changes in soil properties due to the impacts of brick kiln in the vicinity of the Kirtonkhola River, Barisal. The study was carried out by determining the physical, physico-chemical and chemical characteristics of soil. During the entire study period, moisture content of soil ranged from 18.77% to 56.49%;bulk density and particle density varies from 0.23 - 0.53 g/cm3 and 1.11 - 3.15 g/cm3, respectively;soil porosity varies from 60.36% to 88.14%;pH varies from 6.98 to 8.85 and organic carbon content varies from 0.22% to 1.4%. The finding revealed that the pH of the soil decreased with increasing distance from the kiln;moisture content and organic carbon increased with distance;particle density was more or less in ideal condition for plant growth but bulk density and porosity indicates poor soil structure which is unfavourable for plant.展开更多
Brick kiln is well known as one of the main sources of air pollution;however,the pollutants produced from it do not remain in the air,they ultimately fall down to the soil and pollute the surroundings,therefore,this s...Brick kiln is well known as one of the main sources of air pollution;however,the pollutants produced from it do not remain in the air,they ultimately fall down to the soil and pollute the surroundings,therefore,this study was carried out to assess the status of macro(N,P,K and S)and micro nutrients(Fe,Mn and Zn,Cu)in the agricultural environment near the brick kilns of Young Brahmaputra and Jamuna Floodplain soils.Composite soil and plant samples were collected from four distances such as 250 m,500 m,1000 m,and 1500 m in three different sites.Sulphur(2352-3378 mg kg^-1),Zn(86-156 mg kg^-1)and Cu(24.7-46.9 mg kg^-1)are found in the elevated levels near brick kiln soils that is released due to burning of poor quality coal and fire woods.The alarming news is that plant uptake of S and micro nutrients in the nearest areas of the brick kilns are significantly higher than the areas far from the brick production and their concentration ranges from 23 mg kg^-1 to 101 mg kg^-1 for Zn,10-41 mg kg^-1 for Cu,35-1309 mg kg^-1 for Fe,26-126 mg kg^-1 for Mn and 2590-mg kg^-1 for S.Data indicates both soil and plant received maximum amount of micronutrients and S concentrations within 500-1000 m distances from brick kilns.Iron and Mn concentrations vary within a permissible limit but the plant uptake is high.Nitrogen concentrations is increasing with the distance from the brick kilns in both soils and plants but no definite pattern of P and K accumulation was found.Research suggested avoiding agricultural practice nearby brick kiln soils due to micronutrient contamination in order to preserve adjoined agricultural environment.展开更多
This standard specifies the classification, techni- cal requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packing, transportation and storage of alkali resistant bricks.
1 Scope This standard specifies the term, definition, classification, labeling, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, packing, marking, transportation, storage, and quality certificate of spalling re...1 Scope This standard specifies the term, definition, classification, labeling, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, packing, marking, transportation, storage, and quality certificate of spalling resistant bauxite based bricks for cement kiln.展开更多
JC 497-92 (96)1 Contents and Applied ScopeThis standard specifies the classification, shapes and dimensions, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packing, transportation, storage and qualit...JC 497-92 (96)1 Contents and Applied ScopeThis standard specifies the classification, shapes and dimensions, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packing, transportation, storage and quality certificate of direct-bonded magnesite-chrome bricks for building materials industry. This standard is applicable to the direct-bonded magnesite-chrome bricks for cement kiln, glass melting tank and other industrial furnaces.2 Normative ReferencesGB 2997: Test method for the apparent porosity, water absorption, bulk density and true porosity of dense shaped refractory productsGB 5070: Chemical analysis method for magnesite-Chrome refractoriesGB 5072: Test method for cold crushing strength of dense shaped refractory productsGB 5989: Test method for refractoriness under load of dense shaped refractory products (Differential, with rising temperature)GB 7320: Test method for thermal expansion of refractory productsGB 7321: Sample preparation for testing of dense shaped refractory productsGB 10324: Type definition of refractory productsGB 10325: Piling, sampling, acceptance, storage and transportation of refractory products展开更多
Using magnesia and hercynite as materials, we researched the magnesia hercynite brick in order to solve the problem of chrome free brick used in the burning zone of cement rotary kiln. Effect of different firing tempe...Using magnesia and hercynite as materials, we researched the magnesia hercynite brick in order to solve the problem of chrome free brick used in the burning zone of cement rotary kiln. Effect of different firing temperature and different content of hercynite on properties of the brick were studied. The results show that the magnesia hercynite specimen fired at 1600℃ was densified and when the hercynite content is 7%, the cold crushing strength and the adhesive strength of rupture of the specimen have the highest value.展开更多
The magnesia -hercynite bricks offer a new lining to rotary cement kiln. They are well adopted and widely used in the high temperature zone of cement kiln, and have obtained good performance at rigorous and severe wor...The magnesia -hercynite bricks offer a new lining to rotary cement kiln. They are well adopted and widely used in the high temperature zone of cement kiln, and have obtained good performance at rigorous and severe working conditions. The synthesis of hercynite requires a suitable atmosphere with proper O2 partial pressures which makes sure FeO can stably exist at the synthesizing temperature. Current industrial production of hercynite mainly adopts fused method. The other method, sinte- ring method, is not mature and needs further research. The magnesia - hercynite brick shows high hot toughhess, high adhesion strength to kiln crust, and good corrosion resistance to alkali salt in cement kilns. The mismatching of thermal expansion between magnesia and hercynite can improve the thermal shock resistance of the bricks, but the oxidation of partial Fe^2＋ , the high temperature solution, and low temperature exsolution of transgranular secondary spinel lead to cubical expansion, .formation of more cracks, and poor thermal shock resistance of the bricks.展开更多
Hydration cracks of magnesia-spinel bricks in cement industry have been serious problems for both refractory producers and refractory users for a long time.When magnesia-spinel bricks are kept for more than 6months,th...Hydration cracks of magnesia-spinel bricks in cement industry have been serious problems for both refractory producers and refractory users for a long time.When magnesia-spinel bricks are kept for more than 6months,the bricks tend to have reaction with water or moisture and result in cracks and loss on their structural strength. Those bricks cannot be used anymore and cause substantial loss for the related parties. In 2013,the Siam Refractory Industry Co.,Ltd.,Thailand,successfully developed and applied a special nano-technology to create ＂Anti-Hydration Magnesia-Spinel Bricks ＂ for cement industry which can have the storage time more than two years even in high humidity areas. The cement producers can ensure that all bricks still have good properties as the new ones.展开更多
Properties of magnesia-hercynite brick were studied. The coatability, thermal shock resistance, corrosion resistance to cement clinker and thermal conductivity were compared with those of magnesia-chrome brick and mag...Properties of magnesia-hercynite brick were studied. The coatability, thermal shock resistance, corrosion resistance to cement clinker and thermal conductivity were compared with those of magnesia-chrome brick and magnesia-spinel brick used widely in sintering zone of cement rotary kiln. The result shows that magnesia-hercynite brick is better than magnesia-chrome brick in thermal chock resistance and corrosion resistance to cement clinker, is similar to magnesia-chrome brick and is better than magnesia-spinel brick in coatability and thermal conductivity.展开更多
Based on the sandwich test, adherence mechanisms of cement clinker on various basic bricks were tackled by microstructural observations with help of cathodolumi-nescence technique. Doloma based bricks offer sufficient...Based on the sandwich test, adherence mechanisms of cement clinker on various basic bricks were tackled by microstructural observations with help of cathodolumi-nescence technique. Doloma based bricks offer sufficient lime to react with clinker, forming C3S rich layer and initializing superior adherence. However, clinker with low silica ratio leads to MgO agglomeration at the interface of doloma bricks, which reduces adherence strength. On magnesia spinel bricks , fine, crystalline spinel easily reacts with lime containing phases from clinker to form low-melting phases and belite zone, which shows high adherence performance. Lack of fine spinel in magnesia spinel bricks results in poor adherence.展开更多
文摘The study was conducted to evaluate the changes in soil properties due to the impacts of brick kiln in the vicinity of the Kirtonkhola River, Barisal. The study was carried out by determining the physical, physico-chemical and chemical characteristics of soil. During the entire study period, moisture content of soil ranged from 18.77% to 56.49%;bulk density and particle density varies from 0.23 - 0.53 g/cm3 and 1.11 - 3.15 g/cm3, respectively;soil porosity varies from 60.36% to 88.14%;pH varies from 6.98 to 8.85 and organic carbon content varies from 0.22% to 1.4%. The finding revealed that the pH of the soil decreased with increasing distance from the kiln;moisture content and organic carbon increased with distance;particle density was more or less in ideal condition for plant growth but bulk density and porosity indicates poor soil structure which is unfavourable for plant.
文摘Brick kiln is well known as one of the main sources of air pollution;however,the pollutants produced from it do not remain in the air,they ultimately fall down to the soil and pollute the surroundings,therefore,this study was carried out to assess the status of macro(N,P,K and S)and micro nutrients(Fe,Mn and Zn,Cu)in the agricultural environment near the brick kilns of Young Brahmaputra and Jamuna Floodplain soils.Composite soil and plant samples were collected from four distances such as 250 m,500 m,1000 m,and 1500 m in three different sites.Sulphur(2352-3378 mg kg^-1),Zn(86-156 mg kg^-1)and Cu(24.7-46.9 mg kg^-1)are found in the elevated levels near brick kiln soils that is released due to burning of poor quality coal and fire woods.The alarming news is that plant uptake of S and micro nutrients in the nearest areas of the brick kilns are significantly higher than the areas far from the brick production and their concentration ranges from 23 mg kg^-1 to 101 mg kg^-1 for Zn,10-41 mg kg^-1 for Cu,35-1309 mg kg^-1 for Fe,26-126 mg kg^-1 for Mn and 2590-mg kg^-1 for S.Data indicates both soil and plant received maximum amount of micronutrients and S concentrations within 500-1000 m distances from brick kilns.Iron and Mn concentrations vary within a permissible limit but the plant uptake is high.Nitrogen concentrations is increasing with the distance from the brick kilns in both soils and plants but no definite pattern of P and K accumulation was found.Research suggested avoiding agricultural practice nearby brick kiln soils due to micronutrient contamination in order to preserve adjoined agricultural environment.
文摘This standard specifies the classification, techni- cal requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packing, transportation and storage of alkali resistant bricks.
文摘1 Scope This standard specifies the term, definition, classification, labeling, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, packing, marking, transportation, storage, and quality certificate of spalling resistant bauxite based bricks for cement kiln.
文摘JC 497-92 (96)1 Contents and Applied ScopeThis standard specifies the classification, shapes and dimensions, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packing, transportation, storage and quality certificate of direct-bonded magnesite-chrome bricks for building materials industry. This standard is applicable to the direct-bonded magnesite-chrome bricks for cement kiln, glass melting tank and other industrial furnaces.2 Normative ReferencesGB 2997: Test method for the apparent porosity, water absorption, bulk density and true porosity of dense shaped refractory productsGB 5070: Chemical analysis method for magnesite-Chrome refractoriesGB 5072: Test method for cold crushing strength of dense shaped refractory productsGB 5989: Test method for refractoriness under load of dense shaped refractory products (Differential, with rising temperature)GB 7320: Test method for thermal expansion of refractory productsGB 7321: Sample preparation for testing of dense shaped refractory productsGB 10324: Type definition of refractory productsGB 10325: Piling, sampling, acceptance, storage and transportation of refractory products
文摘Using magnesia and hercynite as materials, we researched the magnesia hercynite brick in order to solve the problem of chrome free brick used in the burning zone of cement rotary kiln. Effect of different firing temperature and different content of hercynite on properties of the brick were studied. The results show that the magnesia hercynite specimen fired at 1600℃ was densified and when the hercynite content is 7%, the cold crushing strength and the adhesive strength of rupture of the specimen have the highest value.
文摘The magnesia -hercynite bricks offer a new lining to rotary cement kiln. They are well adopted and widely used in the high temperature zone of cement kiln, and have obtained good performance at rigorous and severe working conditions. The synthesis of hercynite requires a suitable atmosphere with proper O2 partial pressures which makes sure FeO can stably exist at the synthesizing temperature. Current industrial production of hercynite mainly adopts fused method. The other method, sinte- ring method, is not mature and needs further research. The magnesia - hercynite brick shows high hot toughhess, high adhesion strength to kiln crust, and good corrosion resistance to alkali salt in cement kilns. The mismatching of thermal expansion between magnesia and hercynite can improve the thermal shock resistance of the bricks, but the oxidation of partial Fe^2＋ , the high temperature solution, and low temperature exsolution of transgranular secondary spinel lead to cubical expansion, .formation of more cracks, and poor thermal shock resistance of the bricks.
文摘Hydration cracks of magnesia-spinel bricks in cement industry have been serious problems for both refractory producers and refractory users for a long time.When magnesia-spinel bricks are kept for more than 6months,the bricks tend to have reaction with water or moisture and result in cracks and loss on their structural strength. Those bricks cannot be used anymore and cause substantial loss for the related parties. In 2013,the Siam Refractory Industry Co.,Ltd.,Thailand,successfully developed and applied a special nano-technology to create ＂Anti-Hydration Magnesia-Spinel Bricks ＂ for cement industry which can have the storage time more than two years even in high humidity areas. The cement producers can ensure that all bricks still have good properties as the new ones.
文摘Properties of magnesia-hercynite brick were studied. The coatability, thermal shock resistance, corrosion resistance to cement clinker and thermal conductivity were compared with those of magnesia-chrome brick and magnesia-spinel brick used widely in sintering zone of cement rotary kiln. The result shows that magnesia-hercynite brick is better than magnesia-chrome brick in thermal chock resistance and corrosion resistance to cement clinker, is similar to magnesia-chrome brick and is better than magnesia-spinel brick in coatability and thermal conductivity.
文摘Based on the sandwich test, adherence mechanisms of cement clinker on various basic bricks were tackled by microstructural observations with help of cathodolumi-nescence technique. Doloma based bricks offer sufficient lime to react with clinker, forming C3S rich layer and initializing superior adherence. However, clinker with low silica ratio leads to MgO agglomeration at the interface of doloma bricks, which reduces adherence strength. On magnesia spinel bricks , fine, crystalline spinel easily reacts with lime containing phases from clinker to form low-melting phases and belite zone, which shows high adherence performance. Lack of fine spinel in magnesia spinel bricks results in poor adherence.
