Genetic analysis for brix weight per stool and its component traits in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)

Brix weight per stool (BW) of sugarcane is a complex trait, which is the final product of a combination of many components. Diallel cross experiments were conducted during a period of two years for BW and its five component traits, in- cluding stalk diameter (SD), stalk length (SL), stalk number (SN), stalk weight (SW), and brix scale (BS) of sugarcane. Phenotypic data of all the six traits were analyzed by mixed linear model and their phenotype variances were portioned into additive (A), dominance (D), additive×environment interaction (AE) and dominance×environment interaction (DE) effects, and the correlations of A, D, AE and DE effects between BW and its components were estimated. Conditional analysis was employed to investigate the contribution of the components traits to the variances of A, D, AE and DE effects of BW. It was observed that the heritabilities of BW were significantly attributed to A, D and DE by 23.9%, 30.9% and 28.5%, respectively. The variance of A effect for BW was significantly affected by SL, SN and BS by 25.3%, 93.7% and 17.4%, respectively. The variances of D and DE effects for BW were also significantly influenced by all the five components by 5.1%～85.5%. These determinants might be helpful in sugarcane breeding and provide valuable information for multiple-trait improvement of BW.

Dynamics of Brix and pH of Flag Leaf Sap of Winter Wheat Cultivars and Their Relationship with Grain Yield Components

Plant tissue sap analysis is becoming an established tool for crop fertilization recommendation. Few research was conducted to use it as screening tools in crop breeding. With introduction of hhand-held sap analysis meters, sap analysis is becoming a promising tool for genotype screening. In this study, we measured Brix and pH of flag leaf juice of 10 winter wheat genotypes after heading stage. Brix value tended to increase during the measurement period. Brix value of flag leaf sap was negatively correlated with kernel number per spike and grain yield per spike, positively correlated with kernel weight. The pH values of flag leaf sap were negatively correlated with kernel number per spike and grain yield per spike, positively correlated with kernel weight.

不同播期对甜高粱产量和锤度的影响

[目的]分析在天津地区的气候和土壤条件下,不同播期对几个甜高粱品种产量和锤度的影响。[方法]在盐碱土壤上,分期播种5个甜高粱品种,以确定不同播期对甜高粱产量和锤度的影响。[结果]随着播期的延后,甜杂2号、辽甜1号和绿能2号的株高显著降低,早播使甜杂2号、辽甜1号和绿能2号的鲜重显著提高,绿能1号和绿能3号的最适播期出现在5月。除绿能1号外,其余各品种的锤度均随着播期的延后而提高,且5、6月份播种的各品种的植株锤度相差不大。株高和鲜重呈显著相关,相关系数为0.59;株高及鲜重与锤度呈负相关,相关系数分别为-0.43(锤度-株高)和-0.76(锤度-鲜重)。[结论]在北方,尤其是天津地区,甜高粱的最适播期为5月初。

甜高粱茎秆不同方式贮存效果的研究

【目的和方法】以新高粱3号、4号为材料,采用直立、去叶去穗直立、平放、截成短秆捆扎堆放为一层、二层、三层、四层、五层、金字塔型八种贮藏方式,对其166 d贮藏期间的重量、锤度、温度、发霉程度等性状进行研究。【结果】新高粱3号、4号直立贮存、去叶去穗直立贮存、平放贮存效果较好,重量减少幅度较少,锤度增加较多,新高粱3号重量分别减少为41.6%、50.5%、65.6%,锤度分别增加18.1%、29.4%、13.4%,新高粱4号重量分别减少为68.8%、69.3%、72.2%,锤度分别增加42.7%、23.1%、29.5%,操作简单易行,而且基本无发霉。【结论】同一品种不同贮藏方式性状变化不同,不同品种同一贮藏方式各性状也表现不同,甜高粱在近半年的贮存过程中,茎秆重量呈减少趋势,含糖锤度呈增加趋势,不同贮存方式重量减少幅度和锤度增加幅度不同。

不同的温度管理对草莓果实单果重及糖度的影响

本试验主要探讨在低温寡日照期,上午及夜间的温室气温管理的不同对三个草莓品种的单果重、果实的糖度产生的影响。结果表明:采用上午30℃的温室管理目标温度和夜间5℃的最低设定温度管理措施,有利于草莓果实的充实肥大和糖度的保持及提高。

Growth Performance and Adaptability of Sugarcane Combinations Under Different Ecological Environments

The experiments of sugarcane combination evaluation were conducted on 119 combinations during 2017-2018 crossing season in Nanning,Chongzuo and Laibin of Guangxi.The conjoint analysis of variance and estimation of genetic parameters were performed based on brix weight.Furthermore,combination stability was analyzed by regression analysis model and AMMI model.The results showed that differences in brix weight among combinations,environments and interaction between environments and combinations were all extremely significant(P<0.01),and the broad-sense heritability of brix weight belonged to medium level or slightly lower at the three sites.In both Chongzuo and Laibin,the variation coefficients of brix weight were large,but that in Nanning was small.Combinations 643,404,575,972,636,144,YC95,1470,755,409,701,832,YC37 and 579 performed high yield,high genetic stability and stronger adaptability.The results of comprehensive analysis in both brix weight and selection rate of combination showed that 449,YC127,796,YC44,533,570,YC123,391,546,403,YC90 and 252 performed high brix weight and high selection rate of combination in Nanning;combinations 643,212,YC61,432,903,YC95,YC44,368,YC83,YC127,YC112,701,411,YC90 and YC123 demonstrated high brix weight and high selection rate of combination in Chongzuo;and combinations 643,404,449,144,403 and YC48 had high brix weight and high selection rate of combination in Laibin.

不同生态环境下甘蔗组合的生长表现和适应性

以2017—2018年组配的119个甘蔗组合为材料,分别在广西的南宁、崇左、来宾同时开展组合评价试验,基于锤重性状进行联合方差分析和遗传参数估计,并采用回归分析和AMMI模型对组合进行稳定性分析。结果表明:不同的组合、环境及组合与环境互作在锤重间的差异均达到了极显著水平(P<0.01);3个试验点锤重的广义遗传率均属于中等偏低水平;崇左、来宾试验点的锤重变异系数较大,南宁试验点的锤重变异系数较小;643、404、575、972、636、144、YC95、1470、755、409、701、832、YC37、579等组合表现出高产、稳产和适应性广的特性;结合锤重和组合入选率综合分析,组合449、YC127、796、YC44、533、570、YC123、391、546、403、YC90、252在南宁试验点的表现为锤重和组合入选率较高;组合643、212、YC61、432、903、YC95、YC44、368、YC83、YC127、YC112、701、411、YC90、YC123在崇左试验点的表现为锤重和组合入选率较高;组合643、404、449、144、403、YC48在来宾试验点的表现为锤重和组合入选率较高。