Unraveling the core functional bacteria and their succession throughout three fermentation stages of broad bean paste with chili

The entire fermentation process of traditional Chinese broad bean paste with chili comprises three individual stages:Tianbanzi,chili pei,and paste fermentation(Tianbanzi-chili pei mixture).Three stages share average 77.53%of all bacteria(89 genera),indicating that the similar environment leads to the similar bacterial communities.One,one,and three genera are exclusive to Tianbanzi,chili pei,and paste stages,respectively,due to the special physical and chemical properties for each stage.Total acidity,pH,and NaCl are important endogenous factors that promote the succession of bacterial communities.According to the dynamics of organic acids,reducing sugars,amino acids,and volatile compounds,60-,210-,and 180-day are considered the best fermentation periods for Tianbanzi,chili pei,and paste,respectively,to balance time cost and product quality.Three(Tetragenococcus,Lactobacillus,and Pseudomonas),four(Tetragenococcus,Lactobacillus,Bacillus,and Pseudomonas),and five(Tetragenococcus,Lactobacillus,Bacillus,Pseudomonas,and Pediococcus)genera are considered the core functional bacteria of Tianbanzi,chili pei,and paste fermentation,respectively.

Application of Grey Correlation Degree Analysis in Broad Bean Strain Screening

[Objectives] The aim was to clarify the target and approach to purifying and selecting Baoshan Touxinlv broad bean. [Methods] In 2012,5 homozygous strains were selected successfully as the material,and completely randomized block arrangement was adopted with 3 repeated trials to analyze the effects of plant height,effective length of podding branches,branch number per plant,pod number per plant,grain number per pod and 100-grain weight on the yield of each plant in the system. [Results] The results showed that the effects of the various factors on the yield of Baoshan broad beans were in the order of grain number per pod 〉 effective length of podding branches 〉 100-grain weight 〉 pod number per plant 〉 branch number per plant 〉 plant height. [Conclusions]In breeding new strains of Baoshan broad beans,under the premise of ensuring the seed nature and quality of the original variety,priority should be given to the gain number per pod and the increment of effective length of podding branches,followed by the pod number per plant,branch number per plant,plant height,which is the best way to breed new strains of Baoshan Touxinlv broad beans.

Screening of Fungicides against Broad Bean Chocolate Spot(Botrytis fabae)

[ Objective] The paper was to select the effective fungicides to control broad bean chocolate spot. [ Method] Seven different fungicides were selected and sprayed in experimental fields in Jiangsu Yanjiang Area Agricultural Science Research Institute of China in 2012, and yield increase rate and control effect were calculated. [ Result] The control effects of mancozeb 80% WP and pyraclostrobin ＋ metiram 60% WDG against broad bean chocolate spot were 80.88% - 89.26%, and the yield increase rates were 10.85% -41.73%. Mancozeb 80% WP and pyraclostrobin ＋ metiram 60% WG should have beautiful prospect against broad bean chocolate spot owing to excellent control effect and increase yield. [ Conclusion] The study provided reference for field control against broad bean choc- olate spot.

Interactive Effect of Sewage Sludge Application with Phytohormones IAA or SA on Three Broad Bean Cultivars

The present work has been performed to study the growth and metabolic activities of three broad bean cultivars (Giza 843, Sakha 1, and Giza 716) which are shown to have different response to sewage sludge applications and to determine the effects of phytohormones IAA or SA. Along with identifying the mechanisms of broad bean response and the role of growth regulators (200 ppm of IAA or 10 mM of SA) in counteract sewage sludge effects is examined. The situation can be recorded that growth parameters fresh, dry matter and water content of pods were significantly increased as increasing SSL in cultivars 843 and in Sakha up to 70% level. However, these parameters were markedly decreased as increasing SSL in cv. Giza 716. Length and number of pods were unchanged in cv. Sakha 1, increased in cv. Giza 843 while they decreased in cv. Giza 716 with increasing SSL. Phytohormonal application stimulated growth parameters in pods of three tested cultivars Giza 843, Sakha 1 and Giza 716 with sewage treatments. Soluble sugar and soluble protein content decreased as increasing SSL in both cv. Sakha 1 and cv. Giza 716. In cv. Giza 843, soluble sugar was significantly increased while soluble protein was decreased as increasing SSL. Proline content was unchanged in cv. Sakha 1, increased in cv. Giza 716 while decreased in cv. Giza 843. Metabolites (soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline) showed variations in three broad bean cultivars to IAA or SA application plus sewage sludge treatments. In cv. Giza 716 SS treatment increased Zn, Ni, PB and Cu. In cv. Giza 843 SS treatment decreased Zn, Pb, and Cu while increased Ni. In cv. Sakha 1 SS treatment decreased Zn, Ni, Pb and Cu. Phytohormonal treatments showed an increasing or decreasing effect in heavy metal in three tested cultivars.

FTIR Study of White and Green Broad Beans Based on Curve-fitting

Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy was used to study two kinds of broad beans with white and green cotyledons respectively.The results show that the infrared spectra of the two kinds of broad beans are similar and mainly made up of the absorption bands of protein,and polysaccharides.The second derivative infrared spectra amplified the differences and revealed that there were some obvious differences in the range of 1 800-700 cm-1and 1 200-700 cm-1.Hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA)were used for the discrimination of the two kinds broad beans based on the second derivative spectral data in the region of 1 611-1 100 cm-1,and yielded 88.9%accuracy.The spectra in the range from 1 700 to 1 600 cm-1were used to perform Fourier self-deconvolution and curve fitting,which obtained nine peaks.The ratios of relative areas of the bands atα-helix,β-sheet,β-turn and the unordered structure of protein in white beans were 67.71%,35.6%,35.6%and 21.09%respectively,while the ratios in green beans were 8.02%,31.59%,37.12%and 23.27%respectively.The results indicate that the secondary structure of protein was different in the two kinds of broad beans.

Broad bean cultivars increase extrafloral nectary numbers, but not extrafloral nectar, in response to leaf damage

Phenotypic plasticity allows organisms to maximize fitness, by optimizing the expression of costly defensive traits. Broad bean, Vicia faba L. “Broad Windsor”, produces increased numbers of extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) in response to leaf damage to attract mutualistic partners and reduce herbivory. It is currently unknown, however, whether EFN induction is cultivar-specific or is a more general phenomenon. It has also not been determined whether broad beans increase nectar secretion rates in conjunction with EFN induction. We hypothesized that: a) as all broad beans have conspicuous EFNs, all cultivars should produce additional EFNs in response to leaf damage, and b) overall nectar secretion rates should increase with EFN numbers, to attract additional mutualists. We tested our hypothesis by subjecting three broad bean cultivars, Vicia faba L. “Broad Windsor”, “Stereo”, and “Witkiem” to mechanical leaf damage. The degree of change in plant traits associated with growth, in addition to EFN induction, was assessed 1 week after leaf damage. Extrafloral nectar volumes were also assessed, every 24 hours, pre- and post-leaf damage. We confirmed our first, but rejected our second, hypothesis. All cultivars produced additional EFNs, but none increased extrafloral nectar volumes, when experiencing leaf damage. Further experimentation is required to determine if energetic tradeoffs limit multiple forms of defense (i.e., EFN vs. nectar induction), or if this alternative strategy is adaptive for attracting and retaining mutualists. Understanding the costs and benefits of EFN vs. nectar induction will provide insight into the evolution of defensive mutualisms between plants and predatory arthropods.

Combined Action of Copper with IAA on Individual Amino Acids and Microelement in Pods of Two Broad Bean Cultivars

It is worthy to mention that the two broad bean cultivars displayed a surprising situation during the fruiting stage of growth. The absolute amount of pods yield was higher in cv. Assiut 125 than in cv. Assiut 84. This situation was in contrast with that in the vegetative stage, where cv. Assiut 84 produced greater vegetative growth than cv. Assiut 125. Although the cv. Assiut 84 was less affected by the highest dose of copper, the cv. Assiut 125 was greatly affected by this dose. However, another surprising situation was recorded when the absolute values of fresh and dry matter of cv. Assiut 125 were much higher than cv. Assiut 84 at any used copper concentration. The fresh matters of the pods of cv. Assiut 84 and cv. Assiut 125 were 7.24 and 10.16 gm at the level of control and 6.69 and 7.59 gm at the level of 350 ppm Cu, respectively. Their dry matters were 1.99 and 3.52 gm at the level of control and 1.77 and 2.13 gm at the level of 350 ppm Cu2+ in cv. Assiut 84 and cv. Assiut 125, respectively. This contradiction was also extended when these copper-affected cultivars were sprayed by IAA. The cv. Assiut 84 responded slightly to IAA treatment. On the other hand, a considerable increase in the dry matter yield was recorded in the pods of cv. Assiut 125 at any used level of copper when compared to the non-sprayed plants treated by the same copper concentration. At the level of 350 ppm Cu2+ , the pod yield was 2-fold that of plants treated only by 350 ppm Cu2+ , without IAA spraying. Thus, even IAA behaved differently in its effect on the crop yield of the two tested broad bean cultivars. There are big and surprising variations in the accumulation of microelements and heavy metals in pods among the two broad bean genotypes, whatever the treatments used. These variations seemed to be complicated which might need further studies. The concentration of amino acids and their individuals also varied among the two cultivars;they increased in cv. Assiut 84 and decreased in cv. Assiut 125. The increased amino acids in cv. Assiut 84 are mostly used as precursors for phytochelatins. For the previous studies, thus the present work was conducted to explain the effect of Cu and interactive effect with IAA on two selected broad bean cultivars Assiut 84 and Assiut 125 during yielding production.

The Potential Role of Cu²⁺and Combined Action with IAA on Tolerance Strategy of Two Broad Bean Cultivars

The present work was conducting to study the strategy response of two broad bean cultivars Assiut 84 and Assiut 125 to different Cu2+ concentrations 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm and 350 ppm in addition to control and interactions with IAA treatments. The dry matter exhibited the biphasic effect of Cu2+ on the growth criteria of the two broad bean cultivars. While the lower and moderate doses of Cu2+ (100 ppm and 200 ppm) stimulated the growth of the two cultivars, the higher doses revealed the opposite event where the growth dropped in both cultivars. This effect was more pronounced in cv. Assiut 84 than in cv. Assiut 125 and also at the higher Cu2+ concentration the growth dropped slightly in cv. Assiut 84 and highly significantly in cv. Assiut 125. The percent of increase in dry matter at 200 ppm in stem and leaf of cv. Assiut 84 was 120.45% and 155.31%, otherwise this percent of increase in these organs of cv. Assiut 125 was 114.29% and 131.41%. However the percent of reduction at 350 ppm Cu2+ in root and stem of cv. Assiut 84 was 74.13%, 79.23% and in root, stem and leaf of cv. Assiut 125 was 59.27%, 70.91%, 70.76% compared with control plants. Soluble carbohydrate in cv. Assiut 84 and cv. Assiut 125 was markedly increased while soluble protein was decreased in root, stem and in leaves at lower Cu2+ concentration. Also while Cu2+-stressed cv. Assiut 84 maintained potassium and magnesium levels around the control values and some promotion occurred especially in roots and stems, these cations dropped markedly in cv. Assiut 125 as a result of Cu2+ treatments. While Cu2+ had a marked stimulatory effect in the absorption and accumulation of calcium in the different organs of cv. Assiut 84, it, on the other hand, significantly inhibited the accumulation of this cation in the different organs of cv. Assiut 125. Treatments broad bean cultivars with Cu2+ plus IAA induced an increase in growth parameters, soluble suga, soluble protein, K+, Ca++ and Mg++ in different parts of two tested cultivars. The uptake, translocation and distribution of mineral ions are affected by various growth regulators among others by IAA. This strategy might be important in heavy metals tolerance mechanisms of crop plants.

不同叶面肥对稻茬蚕豆产量和品质的影响

为探讨蚕豆高效栽培技术,研究了6种不同叶面肥对稻茬蚕豆产量和品质的影响。结果表明:与对照(CK)相比,赤·吲乙·芸苔(T1)、生根粉(T2)、含氨基酸水溶肥(T4)、含腐殖酸水溶肥(T5)、糖醇螯合硅肥(T6)处理的蚕豆株高均显著增加;T1、复硝酚钠(T3)、T4、T5处理的蚕豆始荚高显著增加;T1处理的蚕豆大分枝节数显著增加;T2、T4、T5处理的蚕豆籽粒显著增大,T5处理的蚕豆籽粒百粒重显著提高13.39%。从产量上看,T5处理的稻茬蚕豆荚和籽粒产量分别较CK显著增加63.96%和58.97%。从品质指标来看,T4处理的蚕豆籽粒蛋白质含量较CK显著增加8.33%;T2处理的籽粒脂肪含量较CK显著增加15.73%。合理喷施适宜的叶面肥有助于提高稻茬蚕豆产量和部分品质指标,可在稻茬蚕豆栽培技术中应用。

蚕豆物性参数测定与离散元仿真参数标定

采用离散元法对蚕豆与收获机具间的相互作用进行数值仿真研究,实现对蚕豆收获机具关键部件相关参数的设计与优化,以提高研究效率、减少研究成本。为此,通过物理试验对蚕豆基本物性参数、接触力学参数和休止角进行测定,参考物理试验测定结果选取仿真试验参数取值范围。以仿真试验休止角为响应值,由Plackette-Burman(PB)试验得到显著影响休止角的试验参数(蚕豆-蚕豆静摩擦因数、蚕豆-钢板静摩擦因数、蚕豆-钢板滚动摩擦因数),并利用最陡爬坡试验在PB试验基础上得到显著参数的取值范围。采用Box-Behnken(BB)试验在休止角与显著参数之间建立二阶回归模型,以休止角物理试验测定值为目标值,对显著参数进行寻优,获得最优参数组合,即蚕豆-蚕豆静摩擦因数0.25、蚕豆-钢板静摩擦因数0.47、蚕豆-钢板滚动摩擦因数0.35。最后,通过T检验得到P>0.05,表明采用最优参数组合得到的休止角仿真值与实测值相差无几,验证了最优参数组合的可靠性。

青海省蚕豆赤斑病主要病原菌分离鉴定、生物学特性研究及室内药剂筛选

【目的】明确青海省蚕豆赤斑病主要病原菌的种类,寻找适合病原菌生长的环境条件,并筛选出对蚕豆赤斑病病原菌抑制作用较强的药剂品种。【方法】对蚕豆赤斑病病原菌进行形态学和分子生物学鉴定,并进行生物学特性研究,记录其在不同氮源、碳源和温度条件下的生长情况;选用9种化学药剂进行药剂筛选试验,记录在不同浓度、不同药剂下病原菌的生长情况。【结果】前期鉴定出的菌株中,灰葡萄孢出现频率最高,作为试验的代表菌株。生物学特性结果表明葡萄糖和酵母分别作为最适碳氮源、培养温度为20~25℃时,病原菌的生长速度最快。室内药剂筛选试验表明,噁酮·霜脲氰和代森锰锌2种杀菌剂的EC_(50)值较低,EC_(50)值均小于5.00 mg/L,药物毒力较强。【结论】灰葡萄孢是引起青海省蚕豆赤斑病的主要病原菌之一,葡萄糖和酵母对ZS045B生长的促进效果较强,在20~25℃下培养最适合病原菌的生长,噁酮·霜脲氰和代森锰锌对病原菌ZS045B生长的抑制效果较强。

温度对豆瓣酱发酵过程理化指标、风味物质和微生物群落的影响

该文通过设置恒温豆瓣酱发酵实验,考察不同温度对豆瓣酱发酵过程中理化指标、风味物质、生物胺和微生物群落组成的影响,并与自然温度发酵豆瓣酱进行比较。结果发现,温度的提高有利于氨基酸态氮和还原糖的积累,同时促进了游离氨基酸和挥发性风味物质的形成,且能降低酱醅中食源性致病菌的丰度;然而,较高的温度同样会导致酱醅中总酸含量和生物胺含量偏高。发酵后,40℃发酵组中的氨基酸态氨、还原糖、挥发性风味物质和生物胺含量分别为1.02 g/100 g、12.07 g/100 g、25.65 mg/kg和54.10 mg/100 g,自然发酵组中的各物质含量分别为0.95 g/100 g、11.70 g/100 g、16.74 mg/kg和43.52 mg/100 g。因此,与自然发酵相比,提高发酵温度能够加速豆瓣酱发酵成熟,但是需要进一步的工艺优化消除总酸和生物胺偏高的风险。

日粮添加蚕豆皮对湖羊空肠屏障相关基因表达、消化酶活性和微生物菌群的影响

[目的]本试验旨在研究日粮添加蚕豆皮对湖羊空肠屏障相关基因表达、消化酶活性和微生物菌群的影响。[方法]30只4月龄体重相近[(27±2.0)kg]的雄性湖羊分为2组,分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组,CON)和添加30%蚕豆皮日粮(蚕豆皮组,BBS)。预饲期10 d,正式期50 d。试验结束后采集空肠组织及食糜(n=5),通过RT-qPCR检测黏膜屏障相关基因的表达,生化试剂盒检测消化酶活性,高通量测序分析食糜微生物菌群。[结果]与对照组相比,BBS组空肠黏膜细胞连接基因Claudin-1、Occludin、MUC-2和ZO-1,促炎因子IL-6、IL-10和TNF-α mRNA水平无显著变化(P>0.05),而IL-1β mRNA水平显著降低(P<0.05)。2组空肠黏膜α-淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性无显著变化(P>0.05)。BBS组食糜微生物Shannon、Chao1和Observed_otus指数显著降低(P<0.05);门水平上,BBS组变形菌门(Proteobacteria)相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05),厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、髌骨细菌门(Patescibacteria)相对丰度和F/B值显著降低(P<0.05);属水平上,BBS组克里斯滕森氏菌R7菌群(Christensenellaceae_R-7_group)、未分类厚壁菌属(Firmicutes_unclassified)、糖单胞菌属(Candidatus_Saccharimonas)、糖酵解菌属(Saccharofermentans)、毛螺科NK3A20菌群(Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group)和聚乙酸菌属(Acetitomaculum)的相对丰度显著下降(P<0.05)。16S rDNA基因组的PICRUSt 2功能预测结果显示,空肠微生物差异菌群主要富集在三羧酸循环、脂肪酸β氧化、原儿茶酸降解和L-亮氨酸降解通路。[结论]日粮添加30%蚕豆皮可降低空肠黏膜炎症因子IL-1β mRNA表达量,改变空肠食糜微生物菌群多样性和相对丰度,调节肠道发酵环境。研究结果为蚕豆皮在养羊业发展中的应用提供参考。

河南温县蚕豆萎蔫病毒2的鉴定与多样性分析

蚕豆萎蔫病毒2(broad bean wilt virus 2,BBWV2)属豇豆花叶病毒科蚕豆病毒属。2019年7月从河南温县采集20株具有褪绿和皱缩等典型病毒病症状的地黄,采用PCR技术从cDNA中扩增目的片段,有13株样品扩增出与预期大小相符的目的条带,检出率为65%;并通过克隆测序获得BBWV2 CP序列,将其与GenBank中其他48个BBWV2分离物进行序列分析,结果显示有75.4%~82.95%的一致率。系统发育分析表明,BBWV2可分为3个组,其中河南温县BBWV2地黄分离物(No.2279841-China-R.glutinosa-11)位于第Ⅲ组。

基于固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用和气相色谱-离子迁移谱分析不同等级郫县豆瓣煸炒后风味特征差异

为研究不同等级郫县豆瓣煸炒后风味差异,采用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,SPME-GC-MS)和GC-离子迁移谱(GC-ion mobility spectrometry,GCIMS)技术,使用主成分分析、正交偏最小二乘判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis,OPLS-DA),结合气味活性值(odor activity value,OAV)确定关键化合物。结果表明:SPME-GC-MS鉴定出88种化合物,包含醛类15种、醇类11种、酯类17种、酮类13种、酸类5种、烯烃类5种、烷烃类6种、杂环类7种、苯酚类2种、醚类及其他化合物7种,其中34种为共有化合物;GC-IMS鉴定出57种化合物,并经OPLS-DA得到变量投影重要性值大于1的16种关键化合物;OAV结果表明,丁酸乙酯使特级豆瓣呈现苹果香,异戊醛带来麦芽香,异戊酸乙酯使一级豆瓣呈现果香,3-甲硫基丙醛带来烤土豆香和酱香,异丁酸乙酯使二级豆瓣呈现果香,异戊醛、异丁醛带来麦芽香,最终确定煸炒后豆瓣整体呈现果香、酒香、麦芽香、酸香、草香、可可香、杏仁香及酱香。研究结果可用于判定煸炒后豆瓣香气特征,并为感官定量描述法前期设计感官属性描述词汇提供参考依据。

不同底肥处理对菜用蚕豆生长及产量的影响

为比较不同底肥处理对菜用蚕豆丽蚕3号生长及产量的影响,以施鸡粪有机肥+复合肥为对照,设置羊粪有机肥+复合肥、蚕沙有机肥+复合肥、炭基肥+复合肥、鸡粪有机肥+复合肥+微生物菌剂等处理,研究菜用蚕豆生长和产量变化特征。结果表明,不同底肥处理均提高了丽蚕3号的产量,施用羊粪有机肥和复合肥的处理比CK增产16.2%,增收16.1%,施用效果好、底肥总成本较低,在菜用蚕豆上具有较好的应用前景。

不同品种蚕豆原料对郫县豆瓣品质的影响研究

为探究蚕豆原料对郫县豆瓣品质的影响,本文考察了5个不同品种蚕豆制备郫县豆瓣的理化指标、游离氨基酸和挥发性成分等品质差异。结果表明,不同品种蚕豆发酵郫县豆瓣的绝大部分品质指标存在显著差异(P<0.05)。‘成胡18’(CH18)、‘成胡23’(CH23)、‘通蚕鲜6号’(TCX)品种蚕豆发酵的郫县豆瓣具有更高含量的蛋白质、氨基酸态氮、还原糖和游离氨基酸,尤其是其氨基酸态氮和总游离氨基酸含量显著高于其他样品(P<0.05)。所有样品中甜味和苦味氨基酸为主要呈味氨基酸,但味道强度值(taste active value,TAV)分析表明鲜味氨基酸谷氨酸(Glu)对郫县豆瓣呈味贡献突出,尤其是CH18、CH23和TCX郫县豆瓣。采用顶空固相微萃取(headspace solid phase microextraction,HS-SPME)与气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)联用技术从5种郫县豆瓣中共鉴定出48种挥发性成分,以酯类和醇类化合物为主,相对含量分别为28.19%~39.47%、23.16%~28.82%;且不同品种间差异较大,其中CH18、CH23郫县豆瓣中酯类化合物相对含量最高,醇类相对含量最低。基于ROAV>1共筛选出11种关键风味物质,而大部分关键风味物质在CH23、云豆2662(YD)郫县豆瓣中相对含量较高。整体而言,CH18、CH23和TCX郫县豆瓣的品质显著优于未知品种(SCZG)、YD郫县豆瓣,但TCX郫县豆瓣体态存在缺陷,因此CH18和CH23品种蚕豆更适合郫县豆瓣加工。本研究表明蚕豆品种是导致郫县豆瓣理化与感官特征差异的重要因素,企业生产过程中要加强原料品种的筛选。

烘瓣子和阴瓣子发酵过程中风味品质的对比分析

为探究发酵工艺对甜瓣子品质的影响,该研究对烘瓣子和阴瓣子中微生物、风味物质、色差、质构特性等指标进行对比分析。结果表明,烘瓣子和阴瓣子品质差异显著(P<0.05)。两种甜瓣子发酵过程霉菌和细菌数量差异显著,发酵结束时,烘瓣子和阴瓣子中细菌与霉菌数量分别为5.07、4.81和2.75、2.13 lg CFU/g。两种甜瓣子的总酸和氨基酸态氮含量在发酵过程中有明显提升,阴瓣子总酸(1.81 g/100 g)显著高于烘瓣子(1.48 g/100 g),同时硬度(30.69 N)高于烘瓣子(14.48 N);烘瓣子中氨基酸态氮(0.69 g/100 g)显著高于阴瓣子,其瓣子颜色更红亮。风味分析结果显示,烘瓣子风味较突出,阴瓣子风味相对协调。阴瓣子和烘瓣子共检出57种风味物质,两种甜瓣子的风味物质组成相似,同种风味物质在两种甜瓣子中相对含量差异较大,烘瓣子中风味化合物种类更多和相对含量更高,2-甲基丁醇、乙酸异戊酯、乙醇、乙酸和异戊醛等14种物质是主要差异性风味化合物。感官评价结果显示,烘瓣子品质优于阴瓣子。综上所述,烘瓣子发酵周期短,风味更突出,适于现代甜瓣子的生产。

“果-豆”套种模式下蚕豆种植密度和播期对其产质量的影响

【目的】探明不同种植密度和播期对橘园套种蚕豆的生长、产量及籽粒品质的影响,明确橘园套种蚕豆适宜的栽培模式,为籽粒饲用蚕豆栽培技术优化提供理论依据。【方法】以蚕豆品种成胡15为材料,以4个播期(10月18日、10月28日、11月7日、11月17日)为主因素,3个种植密度(15万株/hm^(2)、12万株/hm^(2)、9万株/hm^(2))为副因素,进行双因素随机区组试验,分析不同播期和种植密度对蚕豆植株形态、分枝特性、产量及籽粒品质的影响。【结果】随播期推迟,蚕豆植株有效分枝数逐渐降低,单株粒重、产量及籽粒淀粉、脂肪和可溶性蛋白含量先增后降,在播期10月28日播种表现最佳;随密度增加,蚕豆植株株高逐渐增加,分枝总数、结荚总数、产量及籽粒淀粉、脂肪和可溶性蛋白含量先增后降,在种植密度12万株/hm^(2)时表现最佳。【结论】播期、密度及其交互作用显著影响橘园套种蚕豆的生长、产量和籽粒品质,以种植密度12万株/hm^(2)、播期10月28日的处理组合表现最优,其蚕豆产量最高,达227.33 kg/667m^(2);植株形态最优,蚕豆籽粒可溶性蛋白、脂肪和淀粉含量适宜,可作为四川地区橘园套种蚕豆推荐栽培模式。