铁改性香蒲生物炭吸附去除水中刚果红的研究

以湿地植物香蒲为原料,通过热解制备了生物炭(BC),采用水热法将Fe与BC复合,制备了具有良好磁性能的铁改性生物炭(Fe-BC)。采用SEM、BET、FT-IR、XRD、XPS和VSM等,分析了Fe-BC的结构形貌特性及磁性能,并研究了Fe-BC吸附去除水中典型有机染料刚果红(CR)的性能。结果表明:制备的Fe-BC具有良好的磁性,当CR浓度为100 mg/L、Fe-BC投加量为40 mg、溶液pH为3、吸附时间90 min、反应体系温度25℃时,CR的去除率可达99.6%;此外,Cu^(2+)、Zn^(2+)、Mn^(2+)金属阳离子可提高Fe-BC对CR的去除率;Fe-BC进行3次吸附-脱附后,Fe-BC对水中CR仍有良好吸附性能,表明磁性Fe-BC具有良好的循环稳定性;通过对动力学模型与热力学模型的拟合,表明Fe-BC对水中CR的吸附过程主要受化学吸附影响,且为自发不可逆的吸热反应。

香蒲叶综纤维素纳米纤维的制备及表征

为深化对香蒲叶的综合利用,提高其附加值,采用过氧化氢-乙酸(HPAA)预处理与酸水解法制备香蒲叶综纤维素纳米纤维,分析对比HPAA处理得到的香蒲叶综纤维素纤维和酸水解分离得到的综纤维素纳米纤维以及香蒲叶原样三者之间的物理化学性质及结构。结果表明:综纤维素纤维中木质素残余质量分数为1.32%,单根纤维充分暴露,且由于去除了木质素及其他小分子物质,结晶度提高至57.47%,热稳定性高于原样。制备的纳米纤维呈细长形,分子链上引入了功能化的羧基基团,热稳定性良好。

改性香蒲绒纤维材料对大体量变压器油的吸附性能

开展改性香蒲绒纤维对大体量变压器废油的吸附能力研究。制备了不同的改性香蒲绒纤维样品,并研究了其对小体量和大体量变压器油的吸附能力。研究结果表明:采用摩尔浓度为25.0 mmol/L的NaOH溶液浸泡12 h进行碱处理可得到具有最佳吸油性能的香蒲绒纤维,其吸油容量达(39.25±1.77)g/g;吸附大体量变压器油时,重力对香蒲绒的挤压作用会减弱其吸油容量和吸油率。研究结果对促进生物质纤维材料在油料存储、废油吸附等领域的应用具有重要作用。

黄河、渭河、北洛河交汇区芦苇和香蒲重金属污染分析

为了解黄河、渭河、北洛河交汇前后植物受重金属污染情况,在三河交汇区采集河流沿岸常见的芦苇和香蒲,采用原子吸收光谱法测定了芦苇和香蒲中Pb、Cr、Cd、Cu、Mn、Zn等重金属元素的含量,采用原子荧光法测定了Hg元素含量,分析了芦苇和香蒲中重金属含量超标情况,并通过生物质量指数法(综合评价污染法)评价了三河交汇前后芦苇和香蒲的重金属污染水平。结果表明,在三河交汇区采集的芦苇和香蒲样品中Pb、Cr、Cd含量总体异常;三河交汇前,北洛河同州湖段和渭河临渭区段的芦苇和香蒲样品中重金属污染等级均相对较低,但已处于污染状态;黄河赵渡镇段的芦苇和香蒲样品中重金属污染等级均相对较高,污染非常明显;三河交汇后,黄河港口镇段的芦苇和香蒲样品中重金属污染等级均相对升高,属于重污染。

杜诗“细柳新蒲”意象创造对古代诗歌的影响

杜甫在至德二载春写的著名诗歌《哀江头》中,用“细柳新蒲”这一意象表达对国家的兴亡之感,抒发哀伤愁苦之情,这一意象的使用及内涵表达是杜甫首创,影响了后世的诸多诗人。宋人在杜诗基础上丰富和发展了这一意象内涵,在描写自然景观、抒发兴亡之感方面,使其成为典故使用流传下来;而明诗人在描写自然景观与表达个人哀伤内涵方面使用这一意象较为集中。至集大成的清代,清诗人开拓了这一意象在咏史怀古方面的运用,且在国家兴亡、个人哀伤、自然景观内涵方面,都对这一意象的使用有所延伸和拓展。

Preparation of activated carbon from cattail and its application for dyes removal

Activated carbon was prepared from cattail by H3PO4 activation. The effects influencing the surface area of the resulting activated carbon followed the sequence of activated temperature 〉 activated time 〉 impregnation ratio 〉 impregnation time. The optimum condition was found at an impregnation ratio of 2.5, an impregnation time of 9 hr, an activated temperature of 500℃, and an activated time of 80 min. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and average pore size of the activated carbon were 1279 m^2/g and 5.585 nm, respectively. A heterogeneous structure in terms of both size and shape was highly developed and widely distributed on the carbon surface. Some groups containing oxygen and phosphorus were formed, and the carboxyl group was the major oxygen-containing functional group. An isotherm equilibrium study was carried out to investigate the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon. The data fit the Langmuir isotherm equation, with maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of 192.30 mg/g for Neutral Red and 196.08 mg/g for Malachite Green. Dye-exhausted carbon could be regenerated effectively by thermal treatment. The results indicated that cattail-derived activated carbon was a promising adsorbent for the removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solutions.

The influence of selective cutting of mixed Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis Sieb.et Zucc.) and broad-leaf forest on rare species distribution patterns and spatial correlation in Northeast China

This study aimed to demonstrate change in spatial correlation between Korean pine （Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.） and three rare species, and change in spatial distribution of four species in response to a range of selective cutting intensities. We sampled three plots of mixed Korean pine and broad-leaf forest in Lushuihe Forestry Bureau of Jilin province, China. Plot 1, a control, was unlogged Korean pine broad-leaf forest. In plots 2 and 3, Korean pine was selectively cut at 15 and 30 % intensity, respectively, in the 1970s. Other species were rarely cut. We used point-pattern analysis to research the spatial distributions of four tree species and quantify spatial correlations between Korean pine and the other three species, Amur linden （Tilia amurensis Rupr.）, Manchurian ash （Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.）, and Mongolian oak （Quercus mongolica Fisch.） in all three plots. The results of the study show that selective cutting at 15 % intensity did not significantly change either the species spatial patterns or the spatial correlation between Korean pine and broadleaf species. Selective cutting at 30 % intensity slightly affected the growth of Korean pine and valuable species in forest communities, and the effect was considered nondestructive and recoverable.

Effects of Stable Chlorine Dioxide on Sterilization and Preservation of Fresh-cut Narrow-leaf Cattail

At present, chlorine dioxide has been widely used as a bactericide that may become an alternative to chlorine. In this study, fresh-cut narrow-leaf cattail was soaked with 45, 70 and 95 mg/L chlorine dioxide solution, respectively. Fresh-cut narrow-leaf cattail samples were collected regularly to determine changes in surface microbe amount, cellulose content, Vc content, reduction sugar content and sensory quality of narrow-leaf cattail, thus analyzing the effects of chlorine diox- ide on sterilization and preservation of fresh-cut narrow-leaf cattail. The results showed that all three concentrations of chlorine dioxide solution could significantly reduce the amount of microbes on the surface of fresh-cut narrow-leaf cattail and improve the edible safety of products. The initial sterilization efficiency was im- proved gradually as the concentration of chlorine dioxide increased. In addition, chlorine dioxide treatment postponed the increase of cellulose content of fresh-cut narrow-leaf cattail. However, chlorine dioxide oxidized Vc and reducing sugar, and its bleaching effect also exerted a certain impact on the sensory quality of fresh- cut narrow-leaf cattail. Based on comprehensive comparisons, 45 - 70 mg/L chlorine dioxide solution exerted the best effects on sterilization and preservation of fresh-cut narrow-leaf cattail. This study laid the foundation for the production and application of chlorine dioxide solution and promotion of rapid development of nar- row-leaf cattail industry.

THE POSSIBILITY ANALYSIS OF NATURAL POPLAR-BIRCH FOREST RECOVERY TO BROAD-LEAF KOREAN PINE FOREST THROUGH THE METHOD OF LIFE TABLE IN THE XIOAXING'AN MOUNTAINS

The basic principle of life table method is deseribed, and the method of tree height instead of tree age in static life table is suggested, and it is also discussed that the possibility of natural poplar -birch forest recover to broad-leaf Korean pine forest on low pitches in the Xiaoxing'an Mountains by this method. If there is no particular situation, Korean pines after high than 5m under natural Poplar-birch forest will basically survive and make their way into dominant callopy accompanied by climax broad-leaf species.

Woody Debris Storage of Evergreen Broad-leaf Forest

In Yingzuijie National Nature Reserve, Pinus massoniana forest, mixed broadleaf-coniferous forest and evergreen broad-leaf forest were investigated to study the changing characteristics of woody debris （WD） during various succession stages o1 evergreen broad-leaf forest. The results showed that during various succession stages of evergreen broad-leaf forest in Yingzuijie National Nature Reserve, WD storage of each forest ranged from 1.26 to 8.82 t/hm^2, with the order of P. massoniana forest 〈 mixed broadleaf-coniferous forest 〈 evergreen broad-leaf forest, that is, it increased from early to late stages of the succession. At different succession stages, coarse woody debris （CWD） storage was 2 -9 times more than fine woody debris （FWD） storage, revealing that CWD was dominant in WD of each forest. CWD biomass accounted for 0.66% -2.21% of arbor biomass, so the forests were at the developmental stage.

Effect of Storage Temperature on the Quality of Fresh-cut Cattail

Fresh-cut cattail was extremely not resistant to store at room temperature.In the first day,it began to etiolate and rot,the fiber content increased,but the vitamin C content and reducing sugar content decreased.The aerobic bacterial count increased,the weight loss rate sharply increased,and the sensory quality and food value were gradually lost.Low temperature storage could decrease the loss of vitamin C and reducing sugar of fresh-cut cattail,reduce the weight loss rate and delay the increase of fiber content,maintain the water and nutrient of fresh-cut cattail,and the storage effect of 0 ℃ was better than 4 ℃.

Effects of broad-leaf crop frequency in various rotations on soil organic C and N, and inorganic N in a Dark Brown soil

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of frequency of broad-leaf crops canola and pea in various crop rotations on pH, total organic C (TOC), total organic N (TON), light fraction organic C (LFOC) and light fraction organic N (LFON) in the 0 - 7.5 and 7.5 - 15 cm soil depths in autumn 2009 after 12 years (1998-2009) on a Dark Brown Chernozem (Typic Boroll) loam at Scott, Saskatchewan, Canada. The field ex-periment contained monoculture canola (herbicide tolerant and blackleg resistant hybrid) and monoculture pea compared with rotations that contained these crops every 2-, 3-, and 4-yr with wheat. There was no effect of crop rotation duration and crop phase on soil pH. Mass of TOC and TON in the 0 - 15 cm soil was greater in canola phase than pea phase in the 1-yr (monoculture) and 2-yr crop rotations, while the opposite was true in the 3-yr and 4-yr crop rotations. Mass of TOC and TON (averaged across crop phases,) in soil generally increased with increasing crop rotation duration, with the maximum in the 4-yr rotation while no difference in the 1-yr and 2-yr rotations. Mass of LFOC and LFON in soil was greater in canola phase than pea phase in the 1-yr, 2-yr and 3-yr rotations, but the opposite was true in the 4-yr rotation. There was no consistent effect of crop rotation duration on mass of LFOC and LFON. The N balance sheet over the 1998 to 2009 period indicated large amounts of unaccounted N for monoculture pea, suggesting a great potential for N loss from the soil-plant system in this treatment through nitrate leaching and/or denitrification. In conclusion, the findings suggest that the quantity of organic C and N can be maximized by increasing duration of crop rotation and by including hybrid canola in the rotation.

基于造血活性小肽研究阿胶炮制原理

目的基于造血活性小肽研究阿胶炮制原理。方法Orbitrap-MS法对阿胶及其炮制品(蛤粉炒、蒲黄炒)的酶解-超滤物进行数据解析,根据分值、丰度、韦恩图、热图聚类分析推断其可能具有造血活性或具有深入研究价值的肽序列。采用Fmoc固相合成法对其进行合成,检测纯度、三氟乙酸残留、净肽含量、内毒素等。以红细胞爆式集落形成单位为指标,检测阿胶及其炮制品的酶解-超滤物和13种合成肽活性。结果共检测出171种肽,其中127个来源于胶原蛋白。蛤粉炒阿胶26种新肽产生,21种肽消失;蒲黄炒阿胶16种新肽产生,52种肽消失,多数肽序列保持不变,但丰度有所改变。以其中13种肽作为对象进行Fmoc合成,发现其均可用于细胞培养。结论阿胶炮制后,造血活性升高,推测是胶原蛋白裂解并经消化产生ejp33(GVVGLPGQR)强活性肽、ejp131(GPAGPSGPPGKDGT)弱活性肽以达到增效作用,且其促造血效果是以ejp10(GPAGPIGPV)、ejp6(GPAGPTGPV)、ejp77(LSSPARSGASL)为主的数种肽的协同作用。

生物模板辅助水热合成介孔氧化镁及其除氟性能

针对水中氟离子污染问题,提出利用生物模板辅助水热合成介孔氧化镁脱氟材料。以香蒲绒为生物模板,MgCl2为镁源,尿素为沉淀剂,通过水热-煅烧后,得到介孔氧化镁脱氟材料。对材料进行SEM、BET、XRD、FT-IR等表征,考察吸附剂用量、溶液pH值、共存阴离子等因素对脱氟效果的影响。结果表明,当氟离子浓度为50 mg/L时,在吸附剂用量为1.2 g/L、反应时间为90 min、pH=2~11、25℃条件下,脱氟效果均能达到98%以上,受共存离子Cl^(-)、SO_(4)^(2-)、NO_(3)^(-)、HCO_(3)^(-)、CO_(3)^(2-)影响不大,受PO_(4)^(3-)影响较大。吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温线和准二级动力学,饱和吸附量为109.82 mg/g,属于单分子层的放热过程。经5次循环吸附实验后,氟离子的去除率降至55.65%。

铅污染土壤中根表铁膜对宽叶香蒲利用磷的影响

为研究铅污染土壤中根表铁膜对宽叶香蒲（Typha latifoliaL.）磷利用效率的影响,利用根袋培养方法在两个Fe^2＋水平（201、00 mg/L）下诱导根表形成铁膜的宽叶香蒲移栽于土壤中,经4个Pb^2＋浓度（0、100、5001、000 mg/kg）处理后淹水培养4周,分析根表铁膜和植物体内磷含量。结果表明,地上部生物量随着铅污染强度的增加呈降低趋势,但差异不显著（P〉0.05）;低铁（20 mg/L）诱导处理的地上部和地下部生物量分别比相应高铁（100 mg/L）诱导的高3.5%1-9.6%和7.6%3-9.8%,且铁对地上部生物量的影响达到极显著差异（P〈0.01）。根表铁膜量随铅污染程度的增加而下降;高铁诱导处理宽叶香蒲的新根形成的铁膜量以及其吸附的磷均高于低铁诱导处理的植株。除1000 mg/kg铅处理外,低铁诱导后植株中磷的含量均比高铁诱导的植株高。本试验条件下,铅污染土壤中植物对磷的利用表现为低铁膜量大于高铁膜量。

香蒲植物净化塘生态系统调查研究

韶夫江口铅锌矿废水不仅排放量大,而且重金属含量高,成份复杂,对水体污染严重。废水总排放量达61O78t·日^(-1),其入河口铅的浓度超过地面水卫生标准约11倍。几年来。

水葫芦和香蒲对富营养化水体及其底泥养分的吸收

为探明水葫芦、香蒲改善富营养化水体水质的效果及其对底泥养分释放的影响,以其为试材,采用人工模拟试验方法,分析其对不同富营养化水体及其底泥养分吸收的情况。结果显示:水葫芦比香蒲有更好的适应性,在不同浓度的水体中生物量快速增加,而香蒲则需要较长的适应期;在总氮、总磷浓度分别为3.2～14.2 mg/L和0.2～1.0 mg/L的富营养化水体中,水葫芦、香蒲均可有效地消减上覆水中总氮和总磷。处理3个月后,水葫芦净化系统的总氮、总磷浓度分别降至0.84～0.86 mg/L、0.035～0.044 mg/L,对水体总氮、总磷的去除量分别为72.0%～94.0%、82.5%～98.1%,总氮、总磷的负荷去除量分别为18.4～105.8 mg/(m2.d)、1.3～7.6mg/(m2.d);香蒲净化系统的总氮、总磷的浓度分别降至0.96～1.09 mg/L、0.030～0.062 mg/L,对总氮、总磷的去除率分别为66.0%～92.8%、77.0%～93.8%,总氮、总磷的负荷去除量分别为8.4～52.3 mg/(m2.d)、0.6～3.7 mg/(m2.d)。表明水生植物水葫芦和香蒲可有效消减富营养化湖泊水体氮、磷等内源污染物,对富营养化水体水质具有良好的改善效果。

生蒲黄汤加减治疗眼底出血疗效观察

目的:探讨生蒲黄汤加减治疗眼底出血的临床效果。方法:将110例129眼各种类型的眼底出血患者按出血时间的长短分为初、中、后三期,分别用生蒲黄汤进行不同加减治疗。观察治疗前后患者的视力、眼底变化。结果:视力痊愈36眼,显效41眼,有效27眼,无效25眼,总有效率80.62%;眼底痊愈68眼,显效27眼,有效19眼,总有效率88.37%。各类眼底出血总有效率比较P>0.05,差异无显著性意义。结论:生蒲黄汤加减治疗各类眼底出血均具有较好的临床疗效。

蒲菜气调保鲜工艺研究

通过对贮藏过程中气调包装蒲菜生理指标(粗纤维、失重率、总酸、VC和气体含量)及其感官品质的变化,确定气体组成、温度和壳聚糖涂膜处理对蒲菜气调贮藏过程中生理和品质的影响,提出蒲菜气调保鲜-涂膜的优化工艺条件。结果表明:蒲菜采后气调保鲜前20d,VC含量和总酸含量有所下降,失重率和粗纤维含量有所上升。当气体比例O2:CO2:N2为5:10:85(V/V),经1%浓度壳聚糖溶液涂膜处理,在低温下贮藏能抑制蒲菜在贮藏期间的蒸腾失水,保持较低的粗纤维含量和较高的VC含量,降低蒲菜的呼吸作用,在上述条件下蒲菜保鲜期可延长至30d。

蒲绒纤维的吸油性能

利用蒲绒纤维作为吸油材料吸附机油和植物油.结果表明:由蒲绒纤维制得的吸油材料吸油效果良好,1g纤维分别能吸收24.7g纯机油和27.8g纯植物油;在油:纯净水混比1:4条件下,1g纤维分别能吸收17～22g机油和18～24g植物油.香蒲绒纤维经2.5kPa压强机械挤压重复5次,1g蒲绒纤维分别吸收11g机油和9g植物油.蒲绒纤维独特的结构和表面蜡质是决定其吸油能力的重要因素.