The storage and utilization of carbohydrates in response to elevation mediated by tree organs in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests

Global climate change can affect tree growth and carbon sink function by influencing plant carbohydrate synthesis and utilization,while elevation can be used as an ideal setting under natural conditions to simulate climate change effects.The effect of elevation on tree growth may depend on organ type.However,the allocation patterns of nonstructural and structural carbohydrates(NSCs and SCs,respectively)in different tree organs and their response to elevation remain unclear.We selected four dominant tree species,Schima superba,Castanopsis eyrei,Castanopsis fargesii and Michelia maudiae,along an elevation gradient from 609 to 1,207 m in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests and analyzed leaf,trunk,and fine root NSCs,carbon(C),nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)concentrations and the relative abundance of SCs.Leaf NSCs increased initially and then decreased,and trunk NSCs increased with increasing elevation.However,root NSCs decreased with increasing elevation.The relative abundance of SCs in leaves and trunks decreased,while the relative abundance of root SCs increased with increasing elevation.No significant correlations between SCs and NSCs in leaves were detected,while there were negative correlations between SCs and NSCs in trunks,roots,and all organs.Hierarchical partitioning analysis indicated that plant C/N and C/P were the main predictors of changes in SCs and NSCs.Our results suggest that tree organs have divergent responses to elevation and that increasing elevation will inhibit the aboveground part growth and enhance the root growth of trees.A tradeoff between the C distribution used for growth and storage was confirmed along the elevation gradient,which is mainly manifested in the"sink"organs of NSCs.Our results provide insight into tree growth in the context of global climate change scenarios in subtropical forest ecosystems.

The Comparison of Cold tolerance of Three Species of Evergreen Broad-leaved Woody Plants

[Objectives]This study aimed to select evergreen broad-leaved woody plants with higher ornamental value and stronger cold tolerance for introduction from the south to the north,and to apply them to urban greening,so as to enrich the plant community structure of the landscape in the northern region.[Methods]Three species of evergreen broad-leaved woody plants,i.e.,Ligustrum lucidum,Ilex cornuta and Eriobotrya japonica,were selected as the experimental materials.The morphological performances and the changes of the physiological indexes were observed and measured during the overwintering period in the open field in Beijing.The relationship between the indexes and the low temperature was also analyzed.The strength of cold tolerance of the three species was compared.[Results]The electrical conductivity,the contents of MDA and proline were negatively correlated with the corresponding low temperature.The contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein increased with the dropping temperature,but they had little response to the short-term temperature rise.[Conclusions]Combined with morphological and physiological indexes,it was found that the changes of the contents of proline and soluble sugar among the physiological indexes were closely related to the cold tolerances of the three tree species of broad-leaved woody plants.The cold tolerance of I.cornuta was the strongest,E.japonica was the second,and that of L.lucidum was the worst.

Combined community ecology and floristics,a synthetic study on the upper montane evergreen broad-leaved forests in Yunnan,southwestern China

The upper montane evergreen broad-leaved forest in Yunnan occurs mainly in the zone of persistent cloud and has a discontinuous,island-like,distribution.It is diverse,rich in endemic species,and likely to be sensitive to climate change.Six 1-ha sampling plots were established across the main distribution area of the upper montane evergreen broad-leaved forest in Yunnan.All trees with d.b.h.>1 cm in each plot were identified.Patterns of seed plant distributions were quantified at the specific,generic and family levels.The forests are dominated by the families Fagaceae,Lauraceae,Theaceae and Magnoliaceae,but are very diverse with only a few species shared between sites.Floristic similarities at the family and generic level were high,but they were low at the specific level,with species complementarity between plots.Diversity varied greatly among sites,with greater species richness and more rare species in western Yunnan than central Yunnan.The flora is dominated by tropical biogeographical elements,mainly the pantropic and the tropical Asian distributions at the family and genus levels.In contrast,at the species level,the flora is dominated by the southwest or the southeast China distributions,including Yunnan endemics.This suggests that the flora of the upper montane forest in Yunnan could have a tropical floristic origin,and has adapted to cooler temperatures with the uplift of the Himalayas.Due to great sensitivity to climate,high endemism and species complementarity,as well as the discontinuous,island-like,distribution patterns of the upper montane forest in Yunnan,the regional conservation of the forest is especially needed.

Role of urban remnant evergreen broad-leaved forests on natural restoration of artificial forests in Chongqing metropolis

The effects of urban remnant natural evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBLF) on the restoration of artificial pine forests surrounding it were studied with reference to species composition,biodiversity,dominant species and stand structure on Mt. Tieshanping in Chongqing metropolis,Southwest China. The seeds from the remnant EBLF naturally facilitate the restoration process of artificial Pinus massoniana forests near it. The similarity of species composition between the artificial Pinus massoniana forests and the remnant EBLF and biodiversity index of the artificial Pinus massoniana forests decrease as the distance from the remnant EBLF increases. Castanopsis carlesii var. spinusa is the dominant species in the ground vegetation,shrub layer and sub-tree layer of the Pinus massoniana forests near the remnant EBLF. However,the natural restoration processes of those farther away from the remnant EBLF are restricted for the absence of seed source of the inherent components of the remnant EBLF,and the anthropogenic measures should be taken to facilitate the restoration process.

Comparative Study of Carbon Storage and Allocation Characteristics of Mature Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest

Evergreen broad-leaved forest is an important forest type in China.This paper analyzes the allocation characteristics of vegetation and soil carbon pool of evergreen broad-leaved forest,to understand the current status of research on the carbon storage of evergreen broadleaved forest as well as shortcomings.In the context of global climate change,it is necessary to carry out the long-term research of evergreen broad-leaved forest,in order to grasp the formation mechanism of evergreen broad-leaved forest productivity,and the impact of climate change on the carbon sequestration function of evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem.

Carbon Reserve Characteristics of Arbor Layer in Mid-subtropical Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest

In this paper, secondary forest of Pinus massoniana , coniferous-broad-leaved mixed forest and broad-leaved evergreen forest were taken as research objects, to explore carbon reserve of arbor layer and its spatial distribution characteristics. At different succession stages, the sequence of organic carbon content in each organ was secondary forest of P. massoniana > coniferous-broad-leaved mixed forest> broad-leaved evergreen forest. Carbon reserve of arbor layer was the highest in broad-leaved evergreen forest, which was 129.34 t/hm 2, followed by coniferous-broad-leaved mixed forest (95.83 t/hm 2), and the minimum was 85.27 t/hm 2 in secondary forest of P. massoniana . In each stand type, the sequence of carbon reserve of each organ in arbor layer was trunk>root>branch>leaf>bark. Carbon reserve of arbor layer mainly concentrated in trunk, and the proportion to carbon reserve of arbor layer declined from secondary forest of P. massoniana to broad-leaved evergreen forest, while it had increasing relationship in root. In secondary forest of P. massoniana , coniferous-broad-leaved mixed forest and broad-leaved evergreen forest, individual with the diameter more than 20 cm accounted for the majority of carbon reserve in the arbor layer.

Biomass Characteristics of the Arbor Layer in Different Stands of the Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest

In this paper, the Pinus massoniana forest in the early stage of succession, the coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest in the middle stage of succession, and the evergreen broad-leaved forest in the late stage of succession were studied, and the biomass and its spatial distribution characteristics of the tree layer in different succession stages of the ecosystem were discussed. The results showed that the biomass of the arbor layer was the highest in the evergreen broad-leaved forest, which was 292.51 t/ hm2, followed by the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, which was 206.87 t/hm2, and the Pinus massoniana forest, which was 171.76 t/hm2. The biomass of trunks accounted for the largest proportion in the total biomass of the arbor layer, which reduced from the Pinus massoniana forest to the evergreen broad-leaved forest. The proportion of the biomass of roots in the total biomass of the arbor layer increased from the Pinus massoniana forest to the evergreen broad-leaved forest. The biomass of the diameter class above 20 cm in the Pinus massoniana forest, the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and the evergreen broad-leaved forest accounted for a large proportion of total biomass.

Effect of thinning intensity on understory herbaceous diversity and biomass in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests of Changbai Mountain

Background:Herbs are an important part of the forest ecosystem,and their diversity and biomass can reflect the restoration of vegetation after forest thinning disturbances.Based on the near-mature secondary coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Jilin Province Forestry Experimental Zone,this study analyzed seasonal changes of species diversity and biomass of the understory herb layer after different intensities of thinning.Results:The results showed that although the composition of herbaceous species and the ranking of importance values were affected by thinning intensity,they were mainly determined by seasonal changes.Across the entire growing season,the species with the highest importance values in thinning treatments included Carex pilosa,Aegopodium alpestre,Meehania urticifolia,and Filipendula palmata,which dominated the herb layer of the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest.The number of species,Margalef index,Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index all had their highest values in May,and gradually decreased with months.Pielou index was roughly inverted“N”throughout the growing season.Thinning did not increase the species diversity.Thinning can promote the total biomass,above-and below-ground biomass.The number of plants per unit area and coverage were related to the total biomass,above-and below-ground biomass.The average height had a significantly positive correlation with herb biomass in May but not in July.However,it exerted a significantly negative correlation with herb biomass in September.The biomass in the same month increased with increasing thinning intensity.Total herb biomass,above-and below-ground biomass showed positive correlations with Shannon-Winner index,Simpson index and Pielou evenness index in May.Conclusions:Thinning mainly changed the light environment in the forest,which would improve the plant diversity and biomass of herb layer in a short time.And different thinning intensity had different effects on the diversity of understory herb layer.The findings provide theoretical basis and reference for reasonable thinning and tending in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests.

紫茎泽兰在云南亚热带常绿阔叶林中的入侵格局和生境分析

【目的】调查云南亚热带常绿阔叶林中紫茎泽兰Eupatorium adenophorum的个体生长情况和种群分布规律,分析其与各环境因子之间的相关关系和显著性,为保护森林物种多样性和防止外来入侵种的繁殖扩散提供科学建议和理论依据。【方法】以云南亚热带次生常绿阔叶林为研究对象,沿林缘随机挑选9个紫茎泽兰种群集中分布区域作为起点,垂直进入森林内部,以10 m为间隔等距离定点调查样方,分别调查紫茎泽兰植株外部形态指标和环境因子。【结果】株高、丰富度、单株最多绿色叶片数、单叶最大面积、单位面积生物量、存在度和重要值在林缘0~10 m的范围内达到最大值,且随着进入森林内部距离的增加而逐渐降低或减少,呈衰减指数模型分布;在距林缘超过60 m的森林内部很少有紫茎泽兰植株出现。土壤温度、光照强度、空气温湿度和林冠郁闭度均能明显控制紫茎泽兰种群的分布和生长。土壤温度、光照强度和空气温度与紫茎泽兰种群外部形态指标呈正相关关系;空气湿度和林冠郁闭度则与其呈负相关关系。【结论】由森林分布斑块化和物种生境碎片化产生的大面积林缘区域给紫茎泽兰种群的入侵和繁殖提供了理想栖息地,而森林内部相对较低的土壤和空气温度、较弱的光照强度、较高的空气湿度和林冠郁闭度则明显抑制了紫茎泽兰种群的入侵和生长。

雅鲁藏布大峡谷植物叶片碳氮磷化学计量特征

为了解雅鲁藏布大峡谷区域植物的生态适应性及N、P养分利用特征,该研究在墨脱不同森林植被区选取6个采样点,对每个采样点优势植物进行了植物叶片C、N、P化学计量特征分析。结果表明,研究区植物叶片碳含量均值为452 g kg^(-1),在不同采样点之间差异未达到显著水平,其余指标在部分采样点之间则存在一定的差异;从生活型看,研究区木本植物叶片碳含量要高于草本植物,氮含量差异不显著,磷含量则低于草本植物;在不同采样点之间木本植物叶片碳氮磷含量差异不显著,木本植物碳氮差异也不显著,但草本植物部分采样点之间磷差异达到显著水平;相关性分析显示,植物叶片C与N、C与P相关性均不显著,但N、P相关性达到极显著水平;墨脱常绿阔叶林区植物叶片C含量略低于我国南方其它常绿阔叶林区植物叶片碳含量,氮含量略高于其他区域,但P含量显著高于其他区域的植物叶片P含量,因此C/N,C/P及N/P均较低,N/P的均值为11.4。本研究结果支持植物叶片氮磷在不同生境中均存在明显正相关关系,结合生长速率假说,墨脱常绿阔叶林区的植物生长速率可能远高于我国其他常绿阔叶林区,因此研究区森林生态系统的碳汇以及面对全球N沉降背景下的响应值得进一步研究。

The Process of Tiger Disappearance in Guizhou

In this paper,the authors collected officially published literature on the South China tiger(Panthera tigris amoyensis)in Guizhou from 1900 to 1980,from which we extracted information on its historical distribution and population size,and collected data on the tiger skin trade after 1950,the change in subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forest cover,and demographic data in the relevant databases.GIS mapping was used to visualize the distribution range of the South China tiger in Guizhou Province during the period 1900–1980 and to discuss the history of its disappearance in Guizhou and its driving factors.The results show that in 1900,the South China tiger was distributed throughout 82 cities and counties in nine prefectures and municipalities in the province;the number of documented South China tiger distribution sites in 1900–1950 decreased to 48 compared to 1900;the number of counties with South China tigers in 1950–1980 further decreased and became extinct in some areas;and in the 1990s,the South China tiger became extinct in the wild in Guizhou.The main reasons for the extinction of the South China tiger in the wild in Guizhou are:on the one hand,with the socio-economic development of Guizhou Province,the population has increased dramatically,the magnitude of the demand for natural resources has increased,and in order to satisfy this demand,human activities,such as coal mining and clearing of mountains for planting,have been intensified,resulting in the reduction of the coverage rate of the subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forests,which has resulted in the extreme loss of the habitat of the South China tiger;on the other hand,the insufficient protection efforts and protection measures for this species in the country before the 1980s,which were subjected to anthropogenic hunting,were also factors leading to the extinction of this species in the wild in Guizhou Province.As a big cat at the top of the food chain,the distribution of the South China tiger can reflect the history of the natural environment in the region.By analyzing and discussing the distribution history of the South China tiger population in Guizhou Province,the significance of this case is to provide a scientific basis for the future conservation of biodiversity and the development of ecological restoration measures in the karst mountains of southern China.

大气氮沉降对云南亚热带森林地表草本层植物生长的影响

[目的]研究不同浓度大气氮沉降条件下云南亚热带常绿阔叶林生态系统地表草本层植被的生长情况,探讨大气氮沉降对森林生态系统植被组成和结构功能的影响。[方法]以云南亚热带常绿阔叶林生态系统为研究对象,设置0、1、5、10、15和30 g/(m^(2)·a)共6个施氮梯度,采用每30 d 1次林冠下人工喷施的方式对野外样地连续进行2年施氮处理,观察2年后试验样地内地表草本层植被的多样性、丰富度、株高和生物量等生长特征。[结果]随着施氮浓度的增大,植物丰富度、株高和生物量也逐渐增大,在年均30 g/(m^(2)·a)浓度梯度样地中,上述各项数据均达到最大值;而植物多样性则在5 g/(m^(2)·a)浓度梯度样地中达到最大值,为(13±3)种/m^(2)。植物地上部生物量占其总生物量比重较大,为(0.69±0.06)~(0.77±0.09),且呈随着施氮浓度的增大而逐渐降低趋势;植物地下部生物量占其总生物量比重相对较小,为(0.23±0.03)~(0.32±0.04),且呈随着施氮浓度增大而逐渐增加的趋势。[结论]证明了大量大气氮沉降对森林生态系统植物物种多样性的消极影响,明确了不同浓度大气氮沉降对地表草本层植物地上部和地下部之间生物量分配规律的影响,为受大气氮沉降干扰严重的森林生态系统的科学管理及合理开发利用提供理论依据和实际参考。

宝鸡地区引种栽植常绿木本园林植物的适应性综合评价

为总结和指导未来宝鸡市常绿园林植物科学合理引种栽植,利用抗寒性、营养生长、生殖生长等4个主要评价因子,采用专家意见法赋权、加法模型,对该地区多年引种栽植的56种常绿乔灌木进行了调查和适应性综合评价.结果为宝鸡市常绿园林植物综合适应性为Ⅰ级者共22种(针叶树13种,阔叶树9种;乔木13种,灌木9种),Ⅱ级12种,Ⅲ级共19种,Ⅳ级3种(香樟、夹竹桃、山茶),宝鸡市引种栽植的常绿园林植物以综合适应性较强的Ⅰ、Ⅱ级为主,树种选择基本科学合理.

亚热带地区越冬期小叶榕和红叶石楠叶片叶绿素荧光成像特性的比较

以冷敏感植物小叶榕和耐冷植物红叶石楠为材料,比较了两种常绿阔叶植物阳生叶和阴生叶的叶绿素荧光成像特性,以探索亚热带地区不同耐冷性常绿阔叶植物的越冬光保护策略。结果表明,越冬期小叶榕阳生叶具有较低的光化学反应和热耗散能力,低温强光导致小叶榕阳生叶严重光抑制的发生,并引起其光合活性面积的减少。处于弱光环境下的小叶榕阴生叶仅发生轻微光抑制,也未引起光合活性区域的减少,可通过维持相对较高的热耗散能力防御低温光抑制。越冬期的红叶石楠阳生叶和阴生叶均仅发生轻微光抑制,也未引起光合活性区域的减少。红叶石楠通过维持较强的光化学反应和热耗散能力,而阴生叶则主要是通过热耗散途径防御低温光抑制。两种植物的阳生叶和阴生叶均能够通过主动关闭叶片部分光合活性区域PSII反应中心,并提高剩余有活性的PSII反应中心光化学反应能力来防御低温光抑制。尤其是小叶榕阳生叶,低温强光显著提升了少数光合活性区域的光化学反应和热耗散能力,采取重点保护部分叶片区域的越冬光保护策略。

高寒灌丛对气候变暖的生态响应及适应性研究进展

灌丛通常指高度在5 m以下的以灌木为优势的植被类型。高寒灌丛因地处高海拔或高纬度的寒冷生境,对气候变暖响应尤为敏感。然而,随着近几十年的气候变暖,大量研究数据表明环北极地区树木生长对夏季温度的敏感性逐渐下降,但目前并不清楚高寒灌丛如何响应和适应气候变暖,是否也存在敏感性下降问题。本文主要基于长时间序列数据、样带调查及模拟试验等研究方法综述不同时空尺度下高寒灌丛对气候变暖的生态响应相关研究成果,并指出当前的研究趋势和存在问题。长时间序列数据基于长期定位监测和(或)树轮数据及遥感、航拍和重复拍照手段揭示灌木的扩展、生长变化趋势及其可能的影响因子;样带调查主要表现为相关生态指标沿海拔梯度的变化规律;模拟试验主要体现在植物物候、叶性状变化等。综合来看,变暖促进了高寒灌丛的生长,体现在植被盖度、生物量等指标的增加。就灌木叶功能性状而言,一些性状(如比叶面积等)在胁迫生境中体现出趋同适应特征。不同研究方法受研究尺度的限制存在明显的局限性,未来应开展全方位、多尺度的全球性联网综合观测体系;加强对不同功能型灌木的对比研究,探索高寒区趋同适应的普遍性和环境阈值;加强沿水分梯度的样带调查,开展人工模拟增(减)雪试验;重点关注冻融、微生物活动等地下生态过程对气候变化的响应。

Belowground carbon balance and carbon accumulation rate in the successional series of monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest

The balance, accumulation rate and temporal dynamics of belowground carbon in the successional series of monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest are obtained in this paper, based on long-term observations to the soil organic matter, input and standing biomass of litter and coarse woody debris, and dissolved organic carbon carried in the hydrological process of subtropical climax forest ecosystem—monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest, and its two successional forests of natural restoration—coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and Pinus massoniana forest, as well as data of root biomass obtained once every five years and respiration measurement of soil, litter and coarse woody debris respiration for 1 year. The major results include: the belowground carbon pools of monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, and Pinus massoniana forest are 23191 ± 2538 g·m?2, 16889 ± 1936 g·m?2 and 12680 ± 1854 g·m?2, respec- tively, in 2002. Mean annual carbon accumulation rates of the three forest types during the 24a from 1978 to 2002 are 383 ± 97 g·m?2·a?1, 193 ± 85 g·m?2·a?1 and 213 ± 86 g·m?2·a?1, respectively. The belowground carbon pools in the three forest types keep increasing during the observation period, suggesting that belowground carbon pools are carbon sinks to the atmosphere. There are seasonal variations, namely, they are strong carbon sources from April to June, weak carbon sources from July to September; while they are strong carbon sinks from October to November, weak carbon sinks from December to March.

深地空间光照和水分对2种常绿观赏植物生长和光合特性的影响

以橡皮树、绿萝为研究对象,分别设置2个光照和2个水分水平,探究深地空间不同光照、水分条件对橡皮树和绿萝生长和光合作用的影响。结果表明,在弱光、干旱以及弱光干旱交互作用下,橡皮树和绿萝的地径、生物量、F_v/F_m以及橡皮树的株高、叶面积均下降,绿萝的叶面积增加。在弱光、干旱及弱光干旱交互处理下,2种植物的Pn、Gs和Tr均有所下降,且在弱光和干旱交互处理下达到最小值。橡皮树叶绿素含量受光照减弱影响较大,其叶绿素b含量和叶绿素总量均在弱光及弱光干旱交互作用下显著降低;绿萝的叶绿素总量和叶绿素a/b值受水分减少影响更加显著,在干旱及弱光干旱交互作用下,绿萝的叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量和叶绿素总量均有所下降,而叶绿素a/b值均有所增加。弱光、干旱及弱光干旱交互作用下橡皮树和绿萝F_o均有所增加,F_m受其影响较小。

亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林木本植物生物量模型meta分析

【目的】对亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林木本植物生物量模型进行汇编与分析,获悉基于样地调查的植物名录中生物量模型现状,为研究者开展生物量计算与评估提供参考,从而为完善该类森林木本植物生物量模型的研究提供方向,为制定统一的生物量建模标准提供借鉴。【方法】根据在鄂西南3个自然保护区和1个国有林场的常绿落叶阔叶混交林内的固定监测样地调查确定物种名录,检索、筛选和整理木本植物生物量模型,并对模型结构、参数和影响模型准确性的因素进行分析。【结果】共获得167组665个生物量模型,涉及55科、110属、270种的植物,涵盖了物种名录中455种植物的60%,有182个物种未找到生物量模型;模型集中包含19种自变量形式(主要为胸径D、基径D_(B)、树高H等及其不同组合,如D^(2)H、D_(B)^(2)H)和5类函数形式(幂函数388个、线性函数121个、多项式函数73个、对数函数68个、指数函数15个);模型集中的568个模型(85.4%)标注了自变量取值范围,596个模型(89.6%)标注了建模标准木数量,样本数超过30株的生物量模型占比较低(22.3%);559个模型(84.1%)标注了相关系数或决定系数以表征模型准确性,该类系数介于0.17~0.99之间,平均值为0.91;模型自变量、样本量、函数类型、树木不同器官组分和生活型均会对模型的准确性产生影响。【结论】亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林木本植物的生物量模型仍存在较大的空缺,且已有的模型存在样本量不足、统计参数不完整等问题,模型的准确性需要考虑样本量、自变量、函数类型等因素带来的影响。

Community Dynamics of Seed Rain in Mixed Evergreen Broad-leaved and Deciduous Forests in a Subtropical Mountain of Central China

Seed dispersal is a key process within community dynamics. The spatial and temporal variations of seed dispersal and the interspecific differences are crucial for understanding species coexistence and community dynamics. This might also hold for the mixed evergreen broadleaved and deciduous forests in the mountains of subtropical China, but until now little existing knowledge is available for this question. In 2001, we chose to monitor the seed rain process of our mixed evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous forest communities in Mount Dalaoling National Forest Park, Yichang, Hubei Province, China. The preliminary analyses show obvious variations in seed rain density, species compositions and timing of seed rain among four communities. The average seed rain densities of the four communities are 2.43 ± 5.15, 54.13 ±182.75, 10.05 ±19.30 and 24.91 ± 58.86 inds/m^2, respectively; about one tenth the values in other studies in subtropical forests of China. in each community, the seed production is dominated by a limited number of species, and the contributions from the others are generally minor. Fecundity of evergreen broadleaved tree species is weaker than deciduous species. The seed rain of four communities begins earlier than September, and stops before December, peaking from early September to late October. The beginning date, ending date and peak times of seed rain are extensively varied among the species, indicating different types of dispersal strategies. According to the existing data, the timing of seed rain is not determined by the climate conditions in the same period, while the density of seed rain may be affected by the disturbances of weather variations at a finer temporal resolution.

冬季低温对3种常绿阔叶植物阳生叶和阴生叶光抑制的影响

以栽植于亚热带的常绿阔叶植物榕树(Ficus microcarpa Linn.f.)、广玉兰(Magnolia grandiflora Linn.)和红叶石楠(Photinia×fraseri Dress.)为研究对象,比较了冬季低温胁迫下3种植物阳生叶和阴生叶的叶绿素荧光参数及其分布特征,并探讨了冬季低温对不同耐冷性植物叶片光抑制的影响。结果显示:榕树阳生叶和阴生叶的PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))均显著(p<0.05)低于广玉兰和红叶石楠,但广玉兰和红叶石楠之间阳生叶和阴生叶的F_(v)/F_(m)差异不显著。3种植物阴生叶的调节性能量耗散的量子产额(Y(NPQ))和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)均较高,且轻度光抑制区和健康区的总比例达96%以上。3种植物阳生叶的F_(v)/F_(m)显著低于阴生叶,其中榕树阳生叶受到严重光抑制,其无光合活性区和重度光抑制区总比例达93.88%,远高于广玉兰(20.53%)和红叶石楠(8.22%)。在冬季低温下,红叶石楠阳生叶的有效光化学效率(Y(Ⅱ))和光化学猝灭系数(qP)较高,且Y(NPQ)和NPQ相对较高,其中,阳生叶的Y(Ⅱ)和qP分别为0.196和0.481,显著高于榕树和广玉兰;广玉兰阳生叶的Y(Ⅱ)和qP较低,但Y(NPQ)和NPQ较高;榕树阳生叶的Y(Ⅱ)、qP、Y(NPQ)和NPQ均处于较低水平,分别为0.152、0.159、0.333和0.841。综合分析结果表明:冬季低温导致3种植物叶片发生光抑制,阳生叶的光抑制程度更大。榕树叶片光化学反应和热耗散能力均较低,因而对冬季低温更敏感。广玉兰主要通过维持较高的热耗散能力以防御低温光抑制,而红叶石楠则通过维持相对较高的光化学反应和热耗散能力以防御低温光抑制。