Joint observation of long period tremor signals with broadband seismometer,tiltmeter and gravimeter

We report here the observation result of joint observation of long period tremor signals with broadband seismome-ter,tiltmeter and gravimeter at the HUST(Huazhong University of Science and Technology)station.The observed data were compared and analyzed.Since 2005,the several tens of abnormal tremor signals which are weak,com-plex and duration of 2 to 3 days have been synchronously recorded by the different instruments.The tremor signals have the periodic domain in the range of 3 to 5 minutes,20 to 30 minutes and even more than 1 hour.The observa-tion shows such tremors are a physical existence.The analysis indicates that a part of the tremors caused by the typhoon from the western Pacific Ocean.These tremors have a close relationship with wind velocity of typhoon and distance between the typhoon center and the station.Except these,the cause of others is still unclear.

Application of the direct blast adaptive suppression method to the forward scattered broadband signals

The basic principles of target detection by forward acoustic scattering are presented.A direct blast suppression approach based on adaptive filtering(DBS-AF) is proposed to suppress the direct blast.The DBS-AF technique is extended to the linear frequency modulation(LFM) signal,where the envelope of the signal is regarded as a 'general waveform' and imported into the adaptive filter.Application of the DBS-AF method to the data collected from a lake trial yields an output detection curve,in which the direct blast is mapped to the background while the acoustic field aberration is represented by the peak value fluctuation.The inhibitory effect in single hydrophone is approximately- 5 dB,and is then enhanced by exploiting the mean value removal approach as a preprocessing technique.The direct blast is further suppressed to a level of-10 dB by making full use of multichannel receptions.The main factors affecting the algorithm performance are as follows:the fluctuation degree of the receptions during the weighting vector training period and the power ratio of the forward scattered wave to the direct blast when the target is present.

Direction of Arrivals Estimation for Correlated Broadband Radio Signals by MVDR Algorithm Using Wavelet

A theoretical relationship between the wavelet transform and the fast fourier transformation(FFT) methods in broadband wireless signal is proposed for solving the direction of arrivals(DOAs) estimation problem. This leads naturally to the derivation of minimum variance distortionless response(MVDR) algorithm, which combines the benefits of subspace methods with those of wavelet, and spatially smoothed versions are utilized which exhibits good performance against correlated signals. We test the method's performance by simulating and comparing the performance of proposed algorithm, FFT MVDR and MVDR with correlated signals, and an improved performance is obtained.

Anomalous signals before 2011 Tohoku-oki Mw9.1 earthquake,detected by superconducting gravimeters and broadband seismometers

The 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake,occurred on 11 March,2011,is a great earthquake with a seismic magnitude Mw9. 1,before which an Mw7. 5 earthquake occurred. Focusing on this great earthquake event,we applied Hilbert-Huang transform（ HHT） analysis method to the one-second interval records at seven superconducting gravimeter（ SG） stations and seven broadband seismic（ BS） stations to carry out spectrum analysis and compute the energy-frequency-time distribution. Tidal effects are removed from SG data by T-soft software before the data series are transformed by HHT method. Based on HHT spectra and the marginal spectra from the records at selected seven SG stations and seven BS stations we found anomalous signals in terms of energy. The dominant frequencies of the anomalous signals are respectively about 0. 13 Hz in SG records and 0. 2 Hz in seismic data,and the anomalous signals occurred one week or two to three days prior to the event. Taking into account that in this period no typhoon event occurred,we may conclude that these anomalous signals might be related to the great earthquake event.

基于SRM模型的宽带MVDR快速算法研究

为满足潜艇等水下航行器宽带自适应波束形成算法的更高实时性要求,在经典的MVDR(Minimum Variance Distortionless Response)时域解析信号模型的基础上,设计一种基于SRM(Spiked Random Matrix)的协方差逆运算的快速估计算法。首先对宽带信号进行时域解析信号的构造,依据基于随机矩阵理论,然后通过对快拍信号的协方差矩阵的特征值进行调整和处理,实现精确的协方差矩阵的逆运算估计,避免了传统的复杂求逆运算,尤其适合多传感器和快拍样本受限的环境。仿真实验和海试数据证明,提出的算法波束指向性能更优,信号处理复杂度更低,随着阵元间距数的增加,性能获得明显的提升。

面向小型载荷的宽带通信信号随机共振检测方法

随着人工智能等领域的飞速发展,无人机在各个领域,尤其是现代战争中发挥着越来越重要的作用。无人机凭借其强大的灵活性和高隐蔽性优势,对现代作战具有颠覆性影响。在无人机执行战场侦察、监视、通信、电子干扰、雷达诱骗、激光制导等任务的过程中,及时探测敌方辐射信号尤为重要。随机共振方法利用特定非线性系统可以使输入其中的信号与噪声在一定条件下产生协同作用的特点,将噪声的能量转移到信号中来放大信号,是常用的微弱信号检测方法之一。窄带信号的随机共振检测技术已趋于成熟。而对小型载荷无人机监视、通信等场景下的微弱宽带通信信号,现有随机共振检测方法直接采用窄带信号的时域能量检测方法,并未基于宽带信号特点设计专门的检测方法,低信噪比条件下检测性能受限。为了满足对微弱宽带通信信号的检测要求,本文以常用的宽带通信信号为研究对象,对于单通道接收场景,提出基于宽带信号局部频谱的随机共振信号检测方法,该方法与传统的随机共振信号检测方法相比性能提升约6 dB。其次,对于更低信噪比的情况,提出一种随机共振与互相关检测相结合的双通道协同检测方法,并提出基于随机共振后两路互相关系数最大化的系统参数优化准则。典型场景下的仿真分析表明,对于单通道接收的低信噪比微弱宽带通信信号,局部频谱法可以有效提升检测性能;对于更低信噪比宽带通信信号,采用随机共振处理后的双通道互相关检测可以进一步提升检测性能。

基于宽频振动传感器的电力设备状态监测方法可行性分析

宽频振动信号包括1 Hz~20 kHz的低频振动信号和20~500 kHz的高频超声信号。近年来,利用振动信号对变压器、电容器、电抗器等电力设备进行状态检测的手段日益成熟,超声信号也可以很好地检测出电力设备中的局部放电并定位,均已有较为成熟的应用。文中提出了基于宽频振动传感器的电力设备状态监测方法,并使用该传感器同时测量了脉冲振动源的振动以及油纸绝缘针板电极局部放电的超声,借助仿真对超声时延进行了修正,对局部放电进行了识别,并与脉冲电流法所得结果进行了对比。结果表明,所提出的监测方法可以很好地监测到振动和超声,并实现局部放电的识别,该方法应用于电力设备状态监测是可行的。

一种适用于雷达侦测的UWB-SOSCA算法

针对宽带雷达检测门限值设置难度大、系统复杂度高、实时性差等问题,提出了一种UWB-SOSCA(Ultra-Wide Band-Smallest of Ordered Statistics and Cell Average)检测算法。该算法主要包括多相滤波、SOSCA恒虚警检测和二元积累。其中,多相滤波将宽带信号划分为多个子信道,降低通道速率;SOSCA恒虚警检测分别对各子信道进行自适应门限调整,提高各子信道检测概率;二元积累对各子信道的检测结果进行时域联合,优化宽带时域连续检测性能。实验结果表明,在信噪比等于7.33 dB,虚警概率为10~(-5)时,SOSCA恒虚警检测算法与传统恒虚警算法相比,检测概率可提升14%;当多相滤波输入信噪比为-5 dB时,UWB-SOSCA算法的宽带线性调频信号脉冲宽度测量偏差优于6.5 ns。该算法具有大监视带宽、大动态范围和高检测概率,可广泛应用于侦察接收机的雷达侦测工作。

基于HHT的电气设备宽频阻抗参数估算方法

为了提高电气设备宽频阻抗参数估算准确性,有效抑制谐波,研究基于HHT的电气设备宽频阻抗参数估算方法。获取电气设备电阻信号,利用经验模态分解方法将电阻信号分解为IMF分量;对IMF分量进行希尔伯特变换,提取希尔伯特谱,得出IMF分量的频率值;利用改进神经网络算法搭建映射关系模型,获得宽频阻抗参数估算结果。测试结果表明,利用该方法估算出的宽频阻抗参数进行谐波抑制后的总谐波失真数值较小,提高了估算准确性,解决了谐波抑制效果不佳的问题。

宽带相干信号DOA和极化参数联合估计方法

针对宽带相干信号下波达角和极化参数的联合估计问题,提出了一种低复杂度的参数估计方法。首先,通过轴向虚拟平移对圆阵接收信号进行平滑,而后对平滑后的自相关矩阵进行聚焦。之后,联合聚焦后的自协方差矩阵和平滑后的互协方差矩阵构造极化波达方向矩阵。然后,通过该矩阵的特征值和特征向量,经闭合式求解出入射信号的波达角和极化参数。所提算法实现了估计参数的自动配对,无需谱峰搜索,计算量小,且仅需3个阵元即可实现参数估计,能够节约硬件资源。仿真实验从复杂度、有效性和稳健性3个方面验证了所提算法的可行性。

基于SiP技术的信号处理通道设计

随着军用无人机等航电系统不断朝着小型化、智能化、综合化的方向发展,如何有效满足装备的低SWaP(Size,Weight and Power)要求成为一大难题。介绍了某型宽带综合化数字预处理模块的研制,利用“裸芯片+高密度基板”系统级封装(SiP)的方式对信号处理平台(DSP、FPGA、SerDes和DDR芯片)进行集成,替代目前业界普遍采用的“封装芯片+印制板+平面集成”的传统方式,实现宽带综合化数字信号处理模块的高密度集成。在主要性能指标(可编程逻辑资源、定点处理能力、浮点处理能力、数据传输速率)不变的情况下,使得信号处理模块的面积降低为45 mm×45 mm,重量降低到103 g。

超声定量参数结合骨折风险预测简易工具预测绝经后骨质疏松症病人骨折风险

目的探讨超声定量参数结合骨折风险预测简易工具(FRAX)对绝经后骨质疏松症(OP)病人骨折风险的预测效能。方法选取河南省直第三人民医院2020年1月至2021年10月收治的绝经后OP病人139例和绝经后健康志愿者141例,分别记为疾病组与对照组。两组均采用超声检查并进行FRAX评价。比较两组超声定量参数[包括超声声速(SOS)、信号强度(SI)和宽带超声衰减(BUA)]、FRAX结果、双能X线骨密度仪测量结果骨密度T分值(T_(-score))、随访1年内的骨折发生率。绘制受试者操作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析超声定量参数结合FRAX对病人骨折风险的预测效能,并与T_(-score)比较。结果疾病组SOS、SI、BUA和T_(-score)均低于对照组[(1496.45±70.25)m/s比(1569.83±79.98)m/s,(64.32±11.06)%比(90.08±9.85)%,(51.38±7.02)dB/MHz比(71.65±9.12)dB/MHz,(−2.85±0.17)SD比(0.62±0.11)SD](P<0.05),FRAX(4.05±0.71比0.85±0.17)和骨折发生率(19.42%比2.84%)均高于对照组(均P<0.05);疾病组骨折发生病人年龄、身体质量指数(BMI)均高于骨折未发生病人,OP病程长于骨折未发生病人(均P<0.05);疾病组骨折发生者SOS、SI、BUA和T_(-score)均低于骨折未发生者[(1348.82±69.85)m/s比(1532.04±74.63)m/s,(40.68±8.39)%比(70.02±10.25)%,(35.33±6.01)dB/MHz比(55.25±8.16)dB/MHz,(−3.85±0.19)SD比(−2.61±0.10)SD],FRAX高于骨折未发生者(8.99±1.05比2.86±0.53)(均P<0.05);超声定量参数联合FRAX预测疾病组骨折发生的灵敏度均高于单独预测、T_(-score)预测,曲线下面积(AUC)也高于单独预测、T_(-score)预测(P<0.05),特异度高于T_(-score)预测。结论绝经后OP病人超声SOS、SI、BUA下降,FRAX结果和骨折风险升高,且超声SOS、SI、BUA结合FRAX可预测骨折风险,且优于T_(-score)预测。

新疆地区定点形变秒采样仪器信号时频特征

分析新疆地区4类宽频带仪器秒采样数据在平静期的背景噪声,讨论各类仪器在地震波和风扰事件下记录信号的时频特征。结果显示,RZB-2型钻孔应变仪噪声水平最优,VP型垂直摆对高频信号(地脉动频段)的响应能力最优。仪器能否记录到更多地球物理信号或高频信息不仅与自身的噪声水平相关,更与其对该频段信号的响应能力有关。

基于民航通信网AeroMACS技术应用及雷达信号传输分析

AeroMACS是基于面向无线网络的IEEE802.16标准的无线宽带通信技术,能够有效地提高机场相关区域的信息传输效率和信息传输容量。文章通过对民航通信网和AeroMACS技术的应用解析,结合AeroMACS的系统特点与属地机场的现状,对属地机场的天线覆盖情况及基于TDM网的雷达信号传输验证测试,并对网络规划、基站部署进行设计,使得基于AeroMACS的民航移动通信网络得以满足实际需求,极大提高民航通信网的传输可靠性。

千兆宽带全光室内远端覆盖研究

为解决室内网络传输速度慢、信号覆盖范围小等问题,文中对全光远端覆盖技术(FTTR)进行了研究。首先,介绍了千兆宽带技术的发展现状,然后分析了影响信号覆盖的主要因素,最后提出了优化室内WIFI覆盖方案、FTTR技术应用等措施。根据测试结果可知,优化后的室内网络传输速度明显加快,且信号覆盖均匀,可为网络通信优化改造提供参考。

超薄砂岩储层预测方法研究与应用——以厄瓜多尔安第斯14和17区块为例

目前在油气勘探开发领域,针对中等埋深(2500~3500 m)砂岩储层预测的极限厚度一般可以达到5~10 m,而小于5 m的超薄储层准确预测仍为工业界难题。基于厄瓜多尔安第斯14和17区块不同时期采集和处理的多工区叠后地震数据,采用构造趋势面驱动叠后连片一致性处理,压制了多工区相位、能量、频率及闭合差等因素对薄层反射的干扰,降低了储层预测的多解性。基于时-频衰减高精度合成记录标定方法,消除由于地层吸收产生的时间累积误差,精确标定和解剖薄层反射特征,确定了超薄储层分辨的最低主频。基于无井驱动的“稳态变时频子波”叠后宽频有效信号高分辨率处理技术,有效恢复了薄层弱反射系数。基于宽频地震波形约束,优化了相控非线性反演的算法与工作流程。通过上述研究,形成了一套有效的超薄砂岩储层综合预测方法和技术体系,成功地实现了埋深3000 m、厚度2~5 m潮汐水道砂体的精准预测,新钻滚动评价井和开发井验证其预测准确率达到90%以上。

The receiving of chirp signals with frequency invariant beam response

A frequency invariant response algorithm is proposed for getting over the signal distortion in high frequency when the beamformer receives the broadband signals. In this method, the weight vector of the reference beam pattern is designed firstly, then the weight vectors when the beam response in the frequency sub-bands approaching the reference response mostly are computed by optimized method or adaptive method. By this method, the beam pattern in each sub-band can be almost kept invariable. As a result, the receiving chirp signal can be improved. Owing to the adoption of the adaptive method to approach the optimized vectors, it has no restricting of the array format and the element directivity, and the method can be used widely.

A Novel Approach for Estimating Debris Flow Velocities from Near-Field Broadband Seismic Observations

On August 7^(th),2010,Sanyanyu and Luojiayu debris flows triggered by a heavy rain have lashed Zhouqu City around midnight,leading to catastrophic destruction which killed 1765 people and resulted in enormous economic loss.The ZHQ Seismic Station is located approximately 170 m west of the outlet of the Sanyanyu Gully.The seismometer deployed at the seismic station started recording seismic signals of ever-enlarging amplitude around 10 minutes before the debris flow rushed out of the Sanyanyu Gully,showing ever approaching seismic source,i.e.the debris flow.In this study,we analyze this seismic event and propose an inversion algorithm to estimate the velocity of the debris flow by searching the best-fitting pairs of envelopes in the synthetic seismograms and the corresponding field seismic records in a least-square sense.Inversion results reveal that,before rushing out of the outlet,the average velocity of the debris flow gradually increased from 6.2 m/s to 7.1 m/s and finally reached 15 m/s at approximately 0.5 km above the outlet and kept this value since then.Obviously,the ever-increasing velocity of the debris flow is the key factor for the following disasters.Compared with other studies,our approach can provide the velocity distribution for the debris flow before its outbreak;Besides,it has the potential to provide technological support for a better understanding of the disaster process of a debris flow.

A case study of detecting anomalous signals prior to the great 2010 Maule earthquake

The Hilbert-Huang transform （HHT） is used to analyze the time series from nine gravimeter （SG） stations and 22 broadband seismometers to investigate the anomalous signals superconducting prior to the great 2010 Maule earthquake. The results show that seven SG time series and 20 broadband seismometer time series have anomalous signals lasting about one to three days before the earthquake occurrence. The anomalous signals appear around the frequency bands 0.07Hz and 0.15Hz in SG records while around the frequency band 0. 13Hz -0.2Hz in seismic records, and the reason why they appear in different bands might be attributed to the intrinsic nature and different sensitivities of different kinds of instruments. Because more than 87% records have the anomalous signals prior to the earthquake, and no typhoon event is found in our chosen time window, we may conclude that the anomalous signals might be precursory signals of the great 2010 Maule event. However, we do not rule out other possible excitation sources.

基于储能电池电化学阻抗谱宽频测量方法的研究

电化学阻抗谱(EIS)可以较为准确地反应储能电池内部的电化学参数。为解决传统测量方法耗时长问题,采用了宽频激励信号测量储能化学电池阻抗信息的方法,并基于MATLAB-Simulink仿真平台和EIS测量试验平台进行验证,该测量方法将宽频交流扰动信号注入储能电池,并通过快速傅里叶变换方法分解处理宽频激励和响应信号来获取各频点的电池阻抗信息,以此大幅节省电池EIS的测量时间。采用两种宽频激励方法测量了电池等效电路模型和储能电池,相较电化学工作站扫频测量方法,可分别节省60%和78%的测量时间,且测量结果误差较小。用宽频激励方法实现电池EIS快速测量,可为电池管理系统的实时诊断和线上检测等更为广阔的应用场景提供技术支撑。