Transcriptomics integrated with metabolomics reveals the mechanism of CaCl_(2)-HCl electrolyzed water-induced glucosinolate biosynthesis in broccoli sprouts

Glucosinolates are important phytochemicals in Brassicaceae.We investigated the effect of CaCl_(2)-HCl electrolyzed water(CHEW)on glucosinolates biosynthesis in broccoli sprouts.The results showed that CHEW treatment significantly decreased reactive oxygen species(ROS)and malondialdeh yde(MDA)contents in broccoli sprouts.On the the 8^(th)day,compared to tap water treatment,the the total glucosinolate content of broccoli sprouts with CHEW treatment increased by 10.6%and calcium content was dramatically enhanced from 14.4 mg/g DW to 22.7 mg/g DW.Comparative transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that CHEW treatment activated ROS and calcium signaling transduction pathways in broccoli sprouts and they interacted through MAPK cascades.Besides,CHEW treatment not only promoted the biosynthesis of amino acids,but also enhanced the expression of structural genes in glucosinolate synthesis through transcription factors(MYBs,bHLHs,WRKYs,etc.).The results of this study provided new insights into the regulatory network of glucosinolates biosynthesis in broccoli sprouts under CHEW treatment.

Sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprout extract improves hepatic abnormalities in male subjects

AIM: To evaluate effects of dietary supplementation of sulforaphane(SF)-rich broccoli sprout(BS) extract on hepatic abnormalities in Japanese male participants.METHODS: In a randomized,placebo-controlled,double blind trial,male participants with fatty liver received either BS capsules containing glucoraphanin [GR; a precursor of SF(n = 24)] or placebo(n = 28) for 2 mo. Liver function markers,serum levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases(AST and ALT,respectively) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase(γ-GTP) and an oxidative stress marker,urinary levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine(8-OHd G),were measured and compared in participants before and after the trial period. In an animal model,chronic liver failure was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by successive intraperitoneal injection with N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA) for 4 wk. Concomitantly,rats received AIN-76 diets supplemented with or without BS extract. Thereafter,rats were sacrificed,and their sera and livers were collected to measure serum liver function markers and hepatic levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) levels and hepatic glutathione S-transferase(GST) activity,a prototypical phase 2 antioxidant enzyme.RESULTS: Dietary supplementation with BS extract containing SF precursor GR for 2 mo significantly decreased serum levels of liver function markers,ALT [median(interquartile range),before: 54.0(34.5-79.0) vs after supplementation: 48.5(33.3-65.3) IU/L,P < 0.05] and γ-GTP [before: 51.5(40.8-91.3) vs after: 50.0(37.8-85.3) IU/L,P < 0.05],as well as the alkali phosphatase activity. Placebo showed no significant effects on the markers. The urinary level of 8-OHd G,an established oxidative stress marker,was significantly reduced in participants who had received BS capsules but not the placebo [before: 6.66(5.51-9.03) vs after: 5.49(4.89-6.66) ng/mg-creatinine,P < 0.05]. The reduction of urinary 8-OHd G was significantly correlated with decreased levels of both ALT and γ-GTP [?8-OHd G and ?ALT: Spearman r(r) 0.514 and P = 0.012,?8-OHd G and ?γ-GTP: r = 0.496 and P = 0.016]. Intake of BS extract prevented NDMA-induced chronic liver failure in rats,which was attributable to the suppression of the increase in TBARS through induction of hepatic phase 2 antioxidant enzymes including hepatic GST(86.6 ± 95.2 vs 107.8 ± 7.7 IU/g,P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Dietary supplementation with BS extract containing the SF precursor GR is likely to be highly effective in improving liver function through reduction of oxidative stress.

Broccoli sprout extract induces detoxification-related gene expression and attenuates acute liver injury

AIM: To investigate the effects of broccoli sprout extract(BSEx) on liver gene expression and acute liver injury in the rat.METHODS: First, the effects of BSEx on liver gene expression were examined. Male rats were divided into two groups. The Control group was fed the AIN-76 diet, and the BSEx group was fed the AIN-76 diet containing BSEx. After a 10-d feeding period, rats were sacrificed and their livers were used for DNA microarray and realtime reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) analyses. Next, the effects of BSEx on acute liver injury were examined. In experiments using acute liver injury models, 1000 mg/kg acetaminophen(APAP) or 350 mg/kg D-galactosamine(D-Gal N) was used to induce injury. These male rats were divided into four groups: Control, BSEx, Inducer(APAP or D-Gal N), and Inducer+BSEx. The feeding regimens were identical for the two analyses. Twenty-four hours following APAP administration via p.o. or D-Gal N administration via i.p., rats were sacrificed to determine serum aspartate transaminase(AST) and alanine transaminase(ALT) levels, hepatic glutathione(GSH) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances accumulation and glutathioneS-transferase(GST) activity. RESULTS: Microarray and real-time RT-PCR analyses revealed that BSEx upregulated the expression of genes related to detoxification and glutathione synthesis in normal rat liver. The levels of AST(70.91 ± 15.74 IU/m L vs 5614.41 ± 1997.83 IU/m L, P < 0.05) and ALT(11.78 ± 2.08 IU/m L vs 1297.71 ± 447.33 IU/m L, P < 0.05) were significantly suppressed in the APAP + BSEx group compared with the APAP group. The level of GSH(2.61 ± 0.75 nmol/g tissue vs 1.66 ± 0.59 nmol/g tissue, P < 0.05) and liver GST activity(93.19 ± 16.55 U/g tissue vs 51.90 ± 16.85 U/g tissue, P < 0.05) were significantly increased in the APAP + BSEx group compared with the APAP group. AST(4820.05 ± 3094.93 IU/m L vs 12465.63 ± 3223.97 IU/m L, P < 0.05) and ALT(1808.95 ± 1014.04 IU/m L vs 3936.46 ± 777.52 IU/m L, P < 0.05) levels were significantly suppressed in the D-Gal N + BSEx group compared with the D-Gal N group, but the levels of AST and ALT in the D-Gal N + BSEx group were higher than those in the APAP + BSEx group. The level of GST activity was significantly increased in the D-Gal N + BSEx group compared with the D-Gal N group(98.04 ± 15.75 U/g tissue vs 53.15 ± 8.14 U/g tissue, P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that BSEx protected the liver from various types of xenobiotic substances through induction of detoxification enzymes and glutathione synthesis.

Broccoli sprouts juice prevents lens protein aggregation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat

AIM: To investigate the effect of broccoli sprouts juice in preventing lens protein aggregation in diabetic rat model.METHODS: Totally 25 male Wistar rats were divided into negative control group, diabetic group without juice treatment as positive control and diabetic group given broccoli sprouts juice 0.25, 0.5 and 1 g/d for 28 d. Diabetic rat model was obtained by administering a single dose streptozotocin 65 mg/kg intraperitoneal. At the end of the study, all rats were examined for fasting blood sugar level(FBS), visual cataract score using slit lamp biomicroscope and lens αB-crystallin expression using Western blot method. Statistical analysis was performed using one way ANOVA with post hoc test, correlation test, and simple linear regression.RESULTS: Positive control group had the highest cataract score and lens aggregated αB-crystallin expression. Broccoli sprout juice dose of 1 g/d group had the mildest cataract score, as well as the expression of lens aggregated αB-crystallin compared to treatments groups 1 and 2, opposite to lens native αB-crystallin expression. The broccoli sprout juice groups gave a significant decrease in cataract score, and also in lens aggregated αB-crystallin expression in diabetic rat models(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Broccoli sprout juice has a significant effect in preventing lens protein aggregation in diabetic rat model. The higher dose gives better visual cataract scores, lower lens aggregated αB-crystallin expression and higher lens native αB-crystallin expression.

不同氨基酸处理对西蓝花芽苗生长及品质的影响

为探究不同氨基酸种类对西蓝花芽苗生长及品质特性的影响,采用6种氨基酸(甘氨酸、色氨酸、苯丙氨酸、甲硫氨酸、酪氨酸和谷氨酸)对西蓝花芽苗进行根施处理,以处理后西蓝花芽苗的生长指标(芽苗长度和含水率)和品质指标(可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、总黄酮、总酚、硝态氮、光合色素、总硫苷和萝卜硫素含量)为评价依据,筛选适宜西蓝花芽苗生长的氨基酸种类。结果表明,与CK(蒸馏水)相比,不同氨基酸处理提高了西蓝花芽苗中的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、总黄酮、叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量,显著降低了硝态氮含量,抑制了总硫苷的积累,其中甲硫氨酸处理后西蓝花芽苗中可溶性糖含量(w,后同)(650.64 mg·g^(-1))、萝卜硫素含量(904.17μg·g^(-1))增加最为显著,分别比CK显著提高28.42%和123.71%。研究结果可为氨基酸处理在西蓝花芽苗提质增效生产中的应用提供理论依据。

NaCl与CaCl_2处理对西兰花芽苗硫苷和异硫氰酸盐含量的影响

[目的]本文旨在探究NaCl与CaCl_2处理对西兰花芽苗中硫苷(GLs)和异硫氰酸盐(ITCs)含量以及黑芥子酶(MYR)活性的影响,从而优化出最适的盐浓度富集西兰花芽苗中的GLs和ITCs。[方法]利用HPLC法测定GLs和ITCs含量,并通过测定MYR与底物硫苷反应后生成的葡萄糖含量表示MYR活性。用单因素试验确定NaCl与CaCl_2浓度范围,然后进行响应面分析,优化出NaCl与CaCl_2处理浓度。[结果]NaCl和CaCl_2处理均显著增加西兰花芽苗中GLs和ITCs含量,但对MYR活性无显著影响;随着NaCl浓度的增加,GLs和ITCs含量均呈先增加后减少的趋势,而CaCl_2处理浓度对GLs和ITCs含量均无显著影响。174.09 mmol·L^(-1)的NaCl和10.48 mmol·L^(-1)的CaCl_2为最佳联合施用浓度,在此条件下,西兰花芽苗中GLs和ITCs含量最高,分别达到每10株含5.57μmol和3.54μmol。[结论]用适宜浓度的NaCl与CaCl_2处理西兰花芽苗可使GLs和ITCs得以富集。

不同光质对西兰花芽苗菜营养品质及抗氧化性的影响

为了研究光对芽苗菜的影响,本试验以西兰花为材料,阐述了不同光质对其营养品质和抗氧化特性的影响。结果表明:与白光对照相比,蓝光和UV-B处理后子叶中可溶性蛋白和花青苷的含量均显著(p <0.05)提高,苯丙氨酸解胺酶和查尔酮异构酶活性也相应提高;与白光相比,蓝光处理下全株鲜重、可食鲜重和可食率并无明显差异,但蓝光处理能够显著增加子叶中萝卜硫苷的含量(p <0.05)。与红光相比,蓝光处理下抗超氧阴离子活性和清除DPPH自由基能力也显著提高(p <0.05)。与UV-B相比,蓝光处理的西兰花芽苗菜生长未受到抑制,而且蓝光还可显著提高子叶中可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、总酚的含量以及花青苷含量。综合考虑,蓝光是提高西兰花芽苗菜营养与功能品质的最佳光质。

青花菜种质的ISSR分子标记研究

利用ISSR标记对14份青花菜材料和1份油菜参照材料进行了基因组多态性分析,从60条引物中筛选出12条可扩增出清晰且具多态性条带的引物.共扩增出108条带,其中84条具有多态性,多态性百分率为77.78%,被测材料的ISSR标记多态性较高.其中每条引物可扩增出4-17条多态性带,平均7条.ISSR标记遗传相似性系数（GS）变异范围为0.531 2-0.859 4,平均值为0.744 4±0.073 4.通过UPGMA进行聚类分析,青花菜材料和油菜参照材料彼此间区分明显,14份青花菜材料聚为2类.结果表明,ISSR标记可以有效地评价青花菜遗传分化并为青花菜种类的鉴别提供一定的理论依据.

15个西兰花芽苗菜中萝卜硫素含量差异研究

西兰花芽苗菜营养价值高且富含萝卜硫素,具有预防和抑制癌症的功效。为分析种质资源间萝卜硫素含量的差异,采用响应面中心复合设计法对超声浸提时间、水解时间和提取液pH条件3个因素进行优化分析,获得最优萝卜硫素提取方法,并用该方法对种质资源中萝卜硫素含量差异分析。结果表明,超声处理时间为12min、pH条件为5.0、水解时间为4.3h是提取西兰花芽苗菜萝卜硫素的最佳条件。利用该方法检测到15个种质资源的芽苗菜中萝卜硫素含量差异显著,其中CDBY-10中含量最高(506.896μg/g)、CDBY-22中含量最低(50.416μg/g)。15个种质资源中萝卜硫素含量主要分布在0～200μg/g,频次拟合不显著。多数种质资源萝卜硫素含量符合晚熟>早熟>中熟的规律。CDBY-10、CDBY-20、CDBY-15可作为高萝卜硫素西兰花芽苗菜进行深入科学研究和商业开发。

西兰花贮藏保鲜技术研究

从温度、包装材料、保鲜剂等方面试验入手，提出贮藏西兰花的最佳温度为０℃，用０．０４ｍｍ的保鲜袋包装，辅以噻菌灵烟剂贮藏西兰花２～２．５个月；失重小于１％，花球表现为青绿色，切口鲜度正常；商品率达９５％～９９％。

MA包装对西兰花贮藏性的影响

采用 PE、 PVA两种塑膜袋包装 ,比较了不同温度下西兰花的贮藏性。结果表明 :采用 0 .0 0 4 cm的 PE膜于 0℃下贮藏西兰花 2个月 ,失重小于 1 .5% ,花球表现为青绿色 ;商品率达 95%。

萝卜硫素对HaCaT细胞的影响研究

目的:探讨西兰花提取物的活性成分萝卜硫素(SF)对永生化角质形成细胞株(HaCaT细胞)的影响作用,以初步了解SF对HaCaT细胞的安全性。方法:采用培养至亚融合状态的HaCaT细胞,分别加入不同浓度的SF干预处理,24h后以MTT法检测细胞的生长活性,进一步对筛选组以ELISE法测定细胞上清液中TNF-α的水平,以流式细胞术检测细胞的凋亡率。结果:MTT法检测结果提示200、400、600 nmol/L浓度组的细胞生长出现抑制,P<0.05,并呈浓度相关性。50、100、150nmol/L浓度组的细胞生长没有受到明显影响,P>0.05;进一步对501、001、502、00nmol/L浓度组的细胞进行流式细胞术检测凋亡率,仅有200nmol/L组P<0.05;以ELISE法测定50,1001,502,00nmol/L各组细胞上清液中TNF-α的水平,均无明显统计学差异,P>0.05。结论:50,100,150nmol/L浓度的SF对HaCaT细胞生长没有明显影响,200nmol/L以上的浓度对细胞的生长开始出现抑制。

NaCl胁迫对西兰花芽苗叶黄素积累及抗氧化能力的影响

为探究NaCl胁迫对西兰花芽苗叶黄素富集及抗氧化能力的影响,本实验以"青峰"西兰花种子为实验原材料,研究了不同浓度NaCl溶液处理对西兰花芽苗的芽长、鲜重、干重、含水率、可溶性蛋白、还原糖、丙二醛、脯氨酸、叶黄素含量及抗氧化酶[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)]活性的影响。结果表明,不同NaCl浓度对西兰花芽苗生长影响较大,随NaCl浓度由0~300 mmol/L变化,叶黄素含量先升高后下降。经100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫处理至第4 d收获的芽苗中叶黄素含量为546.25μg/g,比对照组增加了37.54%,该条件下芽苗的芽长、鲜重、干重、含水率、可溶性蛋白、还原糖含量也均明显提高,较对照组分别增加了20.88%、161.16%、68.65%、2.86%、54.90%和40.0%,SOD、POD、CAT抗氧化酶活性与对照组相比分别增加了36.26%、14.62%、32.34%。本研究为通过NaCl胁迫西兰花种子萌发来提高叶黄素含量提供了新的方式,为开发功能性西兰花芽苗食品提供参考。

富含γ-氨基丁酸的青花菜芽菜酸奶的研制

以葡萄糖溶液培养的青花菜芽菜为主要原料,加入一定量的纯牛奶和白砂糖,通过乳酸菌发酵研制一种富含γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)的酸奶。以酸奶的感官品质为主要评价指标,采用单因素试验和响应面试验优化酸奶的最佳工艺参数。结果表明,青花菜芽菜酸奶最佳制作工艺条件为:白砂糖添加量7.1%,青花菜芽菜添加量2.1%(采用120 mmol·L^(-1)葡萄糖溶液培养青花菜芽菜),菌种接种量0.3%,发酵时间6.2 h,该条件下制作的酸奶感官评价最优,GABA含量达到0.789 g·L^(-1),理化指标和微生物指标均符合发酵乳国家标准。该产品的研制为后续富含γ-氨基丁酸的乳制品的开发提供了理论依据。

MgSO_4处理对西兰花芽苗菜生理活性物质和抗氧化能力的影响

本实验研究了外源喷施0、25、50、75 mmol/L的Mg SO4对西兰花芽苗菜生长状况、生理活性物质含量和抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明:Mg SO4处理对西兰花芽苗菜造成了生长胁迫效应;叶绿素和总酚含量随着Mg SO4浓度的增大而增加,抗坏血酸含量却随着Mg SO4浓度的增加而降低。发芽5 d的西兰花芽苗菜中总硫代葡萄糖苷(简称硫苷)和萝卜硫素含量显著高于发芽8 d的,但发芽8 d的黑芥子酶活力高于发芽5 d的;Mg SO4处理后,总硫苷和萝卜硫素含量及黑芥子酶活力显著提高,但50 mmol/L和75 mmol/L Mg SO4处理组之间差异不显著。Mg SO4处理显著提高了西兰花芽苗菜的抗氧化能力,但1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除率在50 mmol/L和75 mmol/L处理组之间无显著差异,H2O2清除率随Mg SO4浓度的增加逐渐增强。因此,综合考虑,50 mmol/L Mg SO4对于提高西兰花芽苗菜的营养价值和保健功能是较适合的浓度。

高温及其联合亚硒酸钠调控西兰花芽苗生理及异硫氰酸酯代谢研究

为研究高温及其联合亚硒酸钠对西兰花芽苗生理和异硫氰酸酯代谢的影响,通过高温胁迫及其联合0.1 mmol/L亚硒酸钠处理西兰花芽苗,分析发芽期间芽苗主要生理生化和异硫氰酸酯代谢的变化。结果显示,相较蒸馏水处理,西兰花芽苗发芽期间经高温胁迫及其联合亚硒酸钠处理,其生长发育受到抑制,发芽4、6 d时芽长显著降低(P<0.05),分别为蒸馏水处理组的79.39%和57.45%;发芽4 d时,丙二醛含量显著增加(P<0.05),为对照的1.67倍;4 d时芽苗总抗氧化能力也显著增加(P<0.05),为对照的1.56倍。高温及其联合亚硒酸钠处理下芽苗中异硫氰酸酯含量均显著提高(P<0.05),发芽4 d时其含量分别为对照的2.36倍和3.35倍,其后随发芽时间延长异硫氰酸酯含量显著降低(P<0.05)。亚硒酸钠处理4 d,芽苗中硫代葡萄糖苷含量显著高于对照处理(P<0.05),而黑芥子酶无显著变化(P>0.05),研究表明西兰花芽苗经高温联合亚硒酸钠处理是富集异硫氰酸酯和硫代葡萄糖苷的有效方式,且发芽时间以4 d为宜。

白光和红光光周期对西兰花芽苗菜生理生化和萝卜硫苷代谢的影响

本文研究了白光和红光不同光周期(0、4、8、12、16和20 h·d^(−1))对西兰花芽苗菜生长、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、抗坏血酸、花色苷和萝卜硫苷代谢的影响。结果表明:光照抑制西兰花芽苗的生长,红光较白光处理能够促进西兰花芽苗芽长增长;随着光周期的延长,西兰花芽苗菜中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、抗坏血酸、萝卜硫苷和总硫苷含量、黑芥子酶活力以及萝卜硫素含量均呈现先增加后降低的趋势。相较于白光,红光明显提高了西兰花芽苗菜中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、抗坏血酸和萝卜硫苷含量。但白光处理下花色苷含量明显高于红光处理。在光周期小于12 h·d^(−1)时,红光处理下萝卜硫素形成量显著高于白光处理(P<0.05),而当光周期大于12 h·d^(−1)时,红光处理下萝卜硫素形成与白光处理之间差异不显著甚至低于白光处理。总之,红光相较于白光更有利于提高西兰花芽苗菜的产量和营养品质,12 h·d^(−1)是比较适合的光周期。

等离子体处理对西兰花芽苗生产及活性物质含量的影响

为实现西兰花芽苗中萝卜硫素、多酚、黄酮等生物活性物质的富集,以此来降低生产成本,本研究采用等离子体处理诱导方法,研究等离子体处理条件对不同品种西兰花芽苗生长和活性物质的影响。结果显示:等离子体处理电压、时间对西兰花芽苗发芽状态及活性物质含量都有显著影响(P<0.05),在电压30 kV,处理时间2 min条件下,西兰花芽苗发芽5 d后发芽率、芽长、芽重较对照都有显著增加,萝卜硫素含量达到3.24 mg/g DW,较未处理提高了6.75倍。不同品种西兰花芽苗中萝卜硫素、总酚、总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中马尼拉的萝卜硫素和总硫苷含量最高,而曼陀绿和绿玉的总酚和总黄酮含量最高。等离子体处理后文兴、马尼拉、绿玉和绿剑的总酚和总黄酮含量及抗氧化能力较对照处理均有所提高。综上,西兰花芽苗经等离子体处理是富集萝卜硫素的有效方式,可显著提升芽苗功效并降低萝卜硫素获取成本。

西兰花芽提取物体外抗肿瘤活性及作用机制研究

西兰花芽是多种生物活性成分的良好来源,营养价值极高,近年来被广泛研究。该文对西兰花芽提取物的抗肿瘤活性及其潜在机制进行探讨。通过观察细胞形态学变化,发现西兰花芽提取物可使结肠癌Caco-2细胞和肝癌HepG2细胞密度下降,且细胞出现凋亡状态。细胞增殖抑制率结果表明西兰花芽提取物能够抑制两种肿瘤细胞增殖,且呈剂量依赖性,CaCl_(2)组对Caco-2和HepG2细胞半数抑制浓度分别为(0.030±0.002)、(0.043±0.004)mg/mL。通过流式细胞术检测凋亡率,发现西兰花芽提取物可使细胞凋亡比例达到82.95%。活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平和线粒体膜电位检测结果表明,西兰花芽提取物可能通过诱导细胞产生ROS,降低线粒体膜电势,促进细胞凋亡,从而抑制Caco-2细胞增殖。

钙盐对ZnSO4胁迫下西兰花芽苗菜抗氧化酶活力和萝卜硫苷代谢的影响

研究了ZnSO4胁迫下,外源喷施CaSO4、CaCl2和Ca(NO3)2对西兰花芽苗菜生长状况、抗氧化酶活力和萝卜硫苷代谢的影响。结果表明,西兰花芽苗菜在ZnSO4胁迫下添加三种钙盐后芽长和呼吸速率显著增加,而电解质渗透率和MDA含量显著降低,表明三种钙盐可以缓解ZnSO4对西兰花芽苗菜的胁迫抑制作用,尤其是Ca(NO3)2处理下芽苗最长。同时,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力也显著增强;CaCl2和Ca(NO3)2处理下,过氧化物酶(POD)活力与对照无显著差异,CaSO4处理下抗氧化酶活力相对较强。ZnSO4胁迫下,喷施CaSO4、CaCl2和Ca(NO3)2显著提高了西兰花芽苗菜中萝卜硫苷和萝卜硫素含量,但黑芥子酶活力与对照无显著差异;尤其CaCl2处理下萝卜硫苷和萝卜硫素含量相对更高。