Effect of Nano Red Elemental Selenium on GPx Activity of Broiler Chick Kidney Cells in vitro

A new selenium source, Nano red elemental selenium (Nano-Se) was used to study the effect on the GPx activity of broiler chick kidney cells (BCKC) in vitro, Sodium selenite (Na_ 2 SeO_ 3 ) and seleno-1-methionine (Se-Met) were used as the controls. The results showed that the effects of three kinds of Se forms on the GPx activity of BCKC were accordant(p>0.05) compared with each other at 0.01,0.05 and 0.10 μmol/L Se concentrations treatments. In the range of 0.00-0.10 μmol/L Se concentrations, the GPx activity increased with elevation of Se concentrations in medium. For the three kinds of Se forms, the GPx activity reached the climax at 0.10 μmol/L Se concentration. At 0.20 and 0.30 μmol/L Se concentrations, the influnces of three kinds of Se forms were not accordant with one another. For Nano-Se, the GPx activity at 0.20 and 0.30 μmol/L Se concentrations remained the same as that at 0.10 μmol/L Se concentration treatment. For Se-Met, the GPx activity at 0.20 μmol/L Se concentration treatment remained the same with 0.10 μmol/L treatment; the GPx activity at 0.30 μmol/L Se concentration treatment was declined significantly(p<0.05) compared with 0.10 or 0.20 μmol/L treatment. For Na_ 2 SeO_ 3 , the GPx activity falled gradually with Se concentration increasing from 0.10 μmol/L to 0.30 μmol/L, and at 0.30 μmol/L Se concentration treatment, the GPx activity was less than the original of BCKC. The results implicated, on the GPx activity of BCKC in vitro, the ranking of width range of the most suitable Se concentration for nutrition curve of the three Se formes is Nano-Se>Se-Met>Na_ 2 SeO_ 3 .

Effects of “Bioactive” amino acids leucine, glutamate, arginine and tryptophan on feed intake and mRNA expression of relative neuropeptides in broiler chicks

Feed intake control is vital to ensuring optimal nutrition and achieving full potential for growth and development in poultry. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of L-leucine, L-glutamate, L-tryptophan and L-arginine on feed intake and the mRNA expression levels of hypothalamic Neuropeptide involved in feed intake regulation in broiler chicks. Leucine, glutamate, tryptophan or arginine was intra-cerebroventricularly （ICV） administrated to 4d-old broiler chicks respectively and the feed intake were recorded at various time points. Quantitative PCR was performed to determine the hypothalamic mRNA expression levels of Neuropeptide Y （NPY）, agouti related protein （AgRP）, pro-opiomelanocortin （POMC）, melanocortin receptor 4 （MC4R） and corticotrophin releasing factor （CRF）. Our results showed that ICV administration of L-leucine （0.15 or 1.5 μmol） significantly （P〈0.05） increased feed intake up to 2 h post-administration period and elevated both hypothalamic NPY and AgRP mRNA expression levels. In contrast, ICV administration of L-glutamate （1.6 μmol） significantly （P 〈 0.05） decreased feed intake 0.25, 0.5 and 2 h post-injection, and increased hypothalamic CRF and MC4R mRNA expression levels. Meanwhile, both L-tryptophan （10 or 100 μg） and L-arginine （20 or 200 μg） had no significant effect on feed intake. These findings suggested that L-leucine and L-glutamate could act within the hypothalamus to influence food intake, and that both orexigenic and anorexigenic Neuropeptide genes might contribute directly to these effects.

The Influence of Feed Intake and Conditioned Reflex on Exocrine Pancreatic Function in Broiler Chicks

The data of an experimental study of the influence of feeding and the conditional stimulus on digestive function in birds is presented. It is stated that feed consumption is a powerful stimulator of pancreatic secretion in broiler chicks. The secretory response of the pancreas was the highest in the morning when secretion of pancreatic juice was 1.8 times higher, amylase activity 3.2 times, proteases activity 3.3 times, lipase activity 2.1 times higher than before feeding (basal levels). The regulation of pancreatic activity is known to be complex-reflex with conditioned-reflex component being very important since it provides 25% higher juice secretion and 42% - 74% higher enzyme secretion compared to the basal levels during few minutes after the conditional signal.

Influence of different levels of humic acid and esterified glucomannan on growth performance and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens

A study was under taken to investigate the effect of dietary supplementations of humic acid and esterified glucomannan) on broiler performance and the morphological measurements of small intestine. Two hundred and ten day old broiler chicks were weighed and randomly assigned to seven treatment groups in triplicate. The dietary treatments included T1) control (basal diet without any additives), T2) basal diets supplemented with 0.1% humic acid, T3) basal diets supplemented with 0.2% humic acid, T4) basal diets supplemented with 0.3% humic acid, T5) basal diets supplemented with 0.1% esterified glucomannan, T6) basal diets supplemented with 0.2% esterified glucomannan and T7) basal diets supplemented with 0.3% esterified glucomannan. Different parameters including body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and morphology of small intestine were evaluated during six weeks of experimental period. According to the results, at the end of experimental period, the highest average BWG were recorded in T4 group (fed with 0.3% humic acid), compared to control (T1) and other experimental groups (p < 0.05). Where as, the highest body weight gain were observed during starter period in treatment 7 (fed with 0.3% esterified glucomannan) as compare to other experimental groups (p < 0.05). Statistically, feed intake remained unaffected during the experimental period in all the treatment groups. However, the lowest and the highest feed intake were observed numerically within treatments T4 and T1 with 4229.70 g and 4362.30 g, respectively. Addition of dietary supplements used in the study appeared to have significant effect on the morphology of the small intestine (jejunum mucosal development) of the broilers in different treatment groups. Compared to control group, the inclusion of either humic acid or esterified glucomannon decreased (p < 0.01) the crypt depth and increased villus height respectively (p < 0.05). More ever, the diet supplements with humic acid 0.3% (T4) decreased crypt depth compared to esterified glucomannan and control. The dietary supplementations resulted in an increase in the villus height of intestinal mucosa of broilers. The increase in the villus height was associated with improvement of growth performance for both humic acid and esterified glucomannan. Based on our results it appeared that humic acid and esterified glucomannan can be used as a growth promoter in broiler diets and they can improve the gut health too.

Profile of Maternally Derived Antibody in Broiler Chicks and In-Ovo Vaccination of Chick Embryo against Newcastle Disease

In this study, we determined the suitability of lentogenic LaSota and naturally occurring avirulent I2 vaccine strains of Newcastle disease (ND) virus for efficacious in-ovo vaccination of broiler chickens. A total of 114 embyonated eggs divided into five groups (A, B, C, D and E) consisting of 25 eggs in each of groups A and B, 20 eggs in each of groups C and D and 24 eggs in group E were used in the study. Eighteen-day-old embryonated eggs in group A were vaccinated in-ovo with ND-I2 vaccine while the same age of embryos in group B were vaccinated with ND-LaSota. Thirteen-day-old embryonated eggs in groups C and D were vaccinated with ND-I2 and ND-LaSota respectively. Group E served as unvaccinated control. There was significant difference (p 2) used for the in-ovo vaccination were pathogenic for chick embryos, however, ND-I2 vaccine was better tolerated when administered to 18-day-old chick embryo.

Effects of aqua agar as water replacement for posthatch chicks during transportation on residual yolk-sac and growth performance of young broiler chickens

Water is one of the most essential nutrients for the maintenance of chicks’ function, and delayed access to feed and water post hatch has been reported to dehydrate chicks. Aqua agar(AA) was formulated to contain more than 95% water and an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of AA as water replacement for posthatch chicks during transportation. During the simulated transport, chicks were held for 24 h with(AA group) or without(NO-AA group) aqua agar in chick boxes. During the holding period, chicks in the AA group lost less body weight, compared with the NO-AA group. However, the weight of residual yolk tended to be lower in the AA-treated birds. There were no significant differences in the weight of gizzard, proventriculus, and liver, nor in the weights and lengths of the duodenum,jejunum and ileum. A higher body weight was also observed in the AA group at 7 days of age. At 21 days of age, weight gain and feed intake were higher(P < 0.05) in the AA group, when compared to that of the NO-AA group. No significant differences were observed in the feed conversion rate(FCR) between the two groups. In conclusion, the data suggests that the use of AA as a water replacement could reduce the negative impact of water deficiency in posthatch period during transportation, resulting in greatly improved growth performance of young broilers at 21 days of age.

Effectiveness of dietary xylo-oligosaccharides for broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of xylo-oligosaccharides（XOS） on growth performance, meat quality, immune functions, duodenal morphology and intestinal microbial populations of broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal basal diet. A total of 450 1-day-old commercial Arbor Acres male broiler chicks were randomly allocated by bodyweight to 1 of 5 treatments with 6 replicate cages（15 broilers per cage） for each of 5 treatments in a completely randomized design. Chicks were fed the basal corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100 mg of XOS kg–1 of diet, respectively, for an experimental duration of 42 days. The results showed that supplementation of XOS affected feed conversion rate（feed/gain, F/G） during days 22–42 and 1–42（P〈0.03）, drip loss in thigh muscle（P=0.02）, and duodenal crypt depth（P=0.005） on day 42, but had no effect（P〉0.05） on all other measured indices. The chicks fed the diet supplemented with 100 mg of XOS kg–1 had the lowest（P〈0.05） F/G and drip loss in thigh muscle. The drip loss in thigh muscle decreased linearly（P=0.003） as the supplemented XOS increased. Duodenal crypt depth decreased（P〈0.05） at the supplemental level of 75 mg of XOS kg–1. The results indicate that dietary supplementations of 75 and 100 mg of XOS kg–1 are beneficial to broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet.

Phytotherapic Potentials of Xylopia aethiopica Dried Fruits （Grains of Selim） as Additive in Broiler Production

Xylopia aethiopica dried fruits （gains of selim） as an additive in starter broilers production was investigated. For this purpose, a total of 195-day old broiler chicks （Arbor acres） were randomly allocated into five treatments groups with 39 chicks and three replicates of 13 chicks in each. Blended grains of selim was given through drinking water on treatments T2, T3, T4 and T5 at concentrations of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1,0 g/L, while chicks on treatment T1 （control） received antibiotics （Doxy-gen 20/20 WSP： Doxycycline hyclate 200 mg and Gentamicine sulfate 200 mg） at 0.3 g/L of water. All the experimental chicks were fed ad libitum with diet containing 23% crude protein and 2,851.55 kcal/kg metabolizable energy for 28 d. The results revealed that there were similarities （P 〉 0.05） in final body weight, total weight gain, daily weight gain, total feed intake, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio among the treatments. There were significant （P 〈 0.05） differences in the microbial count of faeces before the birds received antibiotics and grains of selim, but count were similar （P 〉 0.05） after grains of selim and antibiotics were administered. Cost of total feed consumed, cost of per kg feed and cost of per kg weight were significantly （P 〈 0.05） higher in treatment T1, but cost differential and relative cost benefit were similar （P 〉 0.05）. Results indicate that grains of selim have antimicrobial and anthelminthic properties, and promote growth in broiler chickens.

蛋内注射硒代蛋氨酸对雏鸡生长发育、抗氧化及免疫性能的影响

为研究胚蛋内注射不同浓度的硒代蛋氨酸对1日龄雏鸡抗氧化与免疫性能相关指标的影响,试验选取160个重量相近的黄羽肉鸡种蛋,随机分为4组:对照组和低、中、高浓度的硒代蛋氨酸组(0、100、200、400μg/mL),孵化至10胚龄时,于胚蛋卵黄囊内注射不同浓度的硒代蛋氨酸溶液0.1mL。结果显示:与对照组相比,中浓度组肉雏鸡肝脏、腿肌及脾脏指数均显著增加(P<0.05),低、高浓度组腿肌指数显著增加(P<0.05),高浓度组脾脏指数显著增加(P<0.05);中、高浓度组血清及肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性与腿肌的硫氧还蛋白还原酶活性显著升高(P<0.05);高浓度组肝脏中TrxR基因表达量显著上调(P<0.05),低浓度组腿肌GSH-Px与超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)基因表达量也显著上调(P<0.05);高浓度组脾脏中白细胞介素-4(IL-4)与干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)基因表达量均显著上调(P<0.05)。结果表明,10胚龄蛋内注射适量的硒代蛋氨酸能显著提高雏鸡的肝脏、腿肌及脾脏指数,并显著提高出雏肉鸡的抗氧化和免疫性能,本试验条件下硒代蛋氨酸的较佳注射剂量为200μg/mL。

野山杏总黄酮对LPS诱导鸡肝炎的影响

【目的】研究野山杏总黄酮对LPS诱导鸡肝炎的影响。【方法】给予鸡腹腔注射5 mg/kg LPS制备急性肝损伤(ALI)模型,以生理盐水为空白对照组,吲哚美辛为阳性对照组和野山杏总黄酮低(50 mg/kg)、中(100 mg/kg)、高(200 mg/kg)剂量组为试验组,测定鸡体温、体重的变化和血液学参数及血液生化指标,观察鸡肝脏病理,分析野山杏总黄酮对鸡肝炎的影响。【结果】野山杏总黄酮各剂量组可不同程度降低LPS导致的体温升高;缓解了炎症造成的体重减轻;显著或极显著(P<0.05,P<0.01)逆转LPS导致的炎性细胞增加,其中野山杏总黄酮各剂量组对白细胞数的减少具有剂量依赖性,对淋巴细胞、粒细胞及中间细胞不呈现剂量依赖性;野山杏总黄酮各剂量组均可抑制炎症条件下ALT、AST的水平;中高剂量组能明显改善LPS引起的鸡肝组织病理损伤。【结论】野山杏总黄酮各剂量组均能恢复炎症导致的体温升高,对鸡体重有促进作用,能减少炎性细胞的数量,抑制ALT、AST含量升高,改善LPS致鸡肝炎的病理损伤,具有一定的抗肝炎作用。

饲粮铬对0～3周龄肉鸡生长、血清生化特性和免疫功能的影响

用１ 日龄Ａｒｂｏｒ Ａｃｒｅｓ（ ＡＡ） 商品代肉公鸡３８４ 只，研究饲粮添加铬源与铬水平对０ ～３周龄肉鸡生长、血清生化特性和免疫功能的影响。试鸡按体重随机分为８ 组，分别喂以未添加铬的玉米豆粕型基础饲粮（ 含铬０３４ ｍｇ／ｋｇ） 及这种基础饲粮分别添加０４ 、２０、１００ ｍｇ／ｋｇ 铬分别源于三氯化铬和酵母铬的饲粮以及２００ ｍｇ／ｋｇ 铬源于三氯化铬的饲粮。铬源除对３ 周末肉仔鸡的血清葡萄糖浓度有明显（ Ｐ＜ ００３） 影响外，对观测的所有其它指标均无影响（ Ｐ＞ ０１４） ；铬水平对肉仔鸡３ 周期间的日增重（ Ｐ＜ ００１） 、采食量（ Ｐ＜ ００９） 及饲料转化效率（ Ｐ＜ ００６） 与３ 周末血清尿酸浓度（ Ｐ＜ ００１） 、碱性磷酸酶活性（ＡＫＰ，Ｐ＜ ００７） 及鸡新城疫抗体滴度（ Ｐ＜ ００００１） 有显著影响，而对血清葡萄糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯、全血Ｔ 淋巴细胞百分率与胸腺、法氏囊及脾脏的相对重量无影响（ Ｐ＞ ０１６） 。上述指标均未观测到铬源与铬水平间的互作影响（ Ｐ＞ ０１８） 。三氯化铬源组鸡的血清葡萄糖浓度显著低于酵母铬源组（ Ｐ＜ ００３） 。获得最大日增重、最少耗料／ 增重和最大血清抗体?

日粮铜水平对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫功能影响的研究

１ 日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡１２０ 只，随机分组，自由采食以葡萄糖－ 大豆分离蛋白为主要原料的半纯合日粮，日粮中分别添加 ０、１１ 和４４０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 铜，饮用去离子水，分别于 １ 日龄皮下接种 Ｈ Ｖ Ｔ 冻干苗、７ 和１４ 日龄滴鼻接种 Ｌａｓｏｔａ 系冻干苗。试验结果表明，日粮中０ 或４４０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 铜添加组与１１ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 铜添加组相比：１９、４３ 日龄体重小（ Ｐ＜ ００５），０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 铜添加组０～４３ 日龄单位增重料耗显著高于１１ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 铜添加组（ Ｐ＜ ００５）；胸腺、法氏囊和脾脏不同程度地萎缩（ Ｐ＜ ００５），显微分析０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 铜添加组胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊、盲肠扁桃体和哈德氏腺发现，淋巴细胞减少且分布疏松，胸腺淋巴细胞膜和核膜不清晰； Ｔ、 Ｂ淋巴细胞对丝裂原的反应性降低（ Ｐ＜ ００５）；血清中 Ｎ Ｄ Ｖ、 Ｍ Ｄ Ｖ 抗体 Ｅ Ｌ Ｉ Ｓ Ａ 效价降低（ Ｐ＜ ００５），说明铜对维持机体免疫功能状态必不可少。

肉仔鸡实用饲粮中锰适宜水平的研究

用一日龄Arbor Acres雏鸡320只(1/2,1/2(?)),分成8组,分别喂以含锰(Mn)16ppm的玉米-豆饼基础饲粮和含Mn36、56、76、96、116、136和156ppm的添加Mn(试剂级MnSO_4·H_2O)饲粮28天,研究笼养肉仔鸡饲粮Mn的适宜水平。随饲粮Mn的提高,鸡体重在96ppm时增至最大(P>0.05),腿病发生率由57.5％(缺Mn基础组)逐渐降至10％以下(116ppm以上组);骨灰中Mn的含量呈线性上升(P<0.01),但肝、胰、肾、心、脾和肌肉中Mn的含量及心脏含Mn超氧化歧化酶(MnSOD)活性可与饲粮Mn含量拟合成相应的渐近线或二次曲线模式(P<0.01),当这些软组织Mn达到平衡和心MnSOD活性达最高时,计算所需的饲粮Mn分别为110、111、141、123、109、99和121ppm;肝和胰MnSOD无明显变化(P>0.05)。由上建议:AA肉仔鸡在0～4周龄饲粮中Mn含量以120ppm为宜,即为我国现行肉仔鸡Mn建议需要量60ppm的2倍。

全血法鸡淋巴细胞转化试验最佳试验条件的研究

通过丝裂原浓度、血液稀释度、灭活犊牛血清浓度和培养时间四个参数的测定，确定了鸡全血淋巴细胞转化试验的最佳培养条件。最佳试验方法如下：采用不含灭活犊牛血清的ＲＰ－ＭＩ１６４０培养液，刺激管中ＣｏｎＡ浓度为４５μｇ／ｍｌ或ＬＰＳ浓度为２５μｇ／ｍｌ，血液稀释度为１２０，４０℃培养５６ｈ，在培养结束前１６ｈ加３Ｈ－胸腺嘧啶核苷（３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ）。本法简单方便，可检测Ｔ。

啤酒酵母甘露寡糖对肉鸡肠道微生物及免疫机能的影响

探讨了啤酒酵母甘露寡糖对肉仔鸡肠道微生物、短链脂肪酸以及机体免疫机能的影响。选用1日龄AA肉仔鸡公雏300只,基础日粮中分别添加啤酒酵母甘露寡糖0、0.05%、0.1%、0.15%(w)及添加魔芋甘露寡糖0.1%。结果表明:添加酵母甘露寡糖减少了盲肠内大肠杆菌数量(约为对照的28.95%)和沙门氏菌的数量(约为29.50%)(P<0.01),0.05%和0.10%处理可以促进双歧杆菌生长(分别提高约为11.98%和10.54%)(P<0.01);添加0.05%和0.15%酵母甘露寡糖分别提高了新城疫一免和二免后14 d抗体效价水平(P<0.05),0.1%酵母甘露寡糖提高了淋巴细胞对ConA的反应性(P<0.05),0.05%和0.1%处理提高了巨噬细胞的吞噬力(P<0.05),说明酵母甘露寡糖在减少肠道致病菌数量和调节免疫力方面的作用效果达到或好于魔芋甘露寡糖(P<0.05)。结果显示,3个剂量的啤酒酵母甘露寡糖均能抑制肉鸡肠道致病菌生长,其中高剂量组效果更好,中低剂量则更有利于提高肉鸡免疫机能。

果寡糖对肉仔鸡肌肉中胆固醇水平的影响及其机理探讨

研究了果寡糖对艾维因商品代肉仔鸡肌肉中胆固醇水平的影响,并探讨了其机理。结果表明:与对照组相比,肉仔鸡日粮中添加0 4%、0 6%和0 8%果寡糖使日增重分别提高了9 33%(P<0 01)、10 97%(P<0 01)和9 72%(P<0 01),使料重比分别降低了7 11%(P<0 05)、8 79%(P<0 05)和7 95%(P<0 05)。添加0 6%和0 8%果寡糖,胸肌、肝脏胆固醇水平分别下降了17 58%(P<0 01)和20 44%(P<0 01),6 62%(P<0 05)和7 87%(P<0 01)。添加0 6%和0 8%果寡糖使血清中总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的比率显著降低,添加0 8%果寡糖使血清中极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著降低。添加0 4%、0 6%和0 8%果寡糖使肝脏中3 羟基 3 甲基戊二酰辅酶A(HMG CoA)还原酶活性显著降低。添加0 6%和0 8%果寡糖使盲肠中乙酸、丁酸和血浆中乙酸含量显著提高,添加0 4%、0 6%和0 8%果寡糖使盲肠中丙酸含量显著提高。添加0 4%、0 6%和0 8%果寡糖使盲肠中双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌显著增加,使大肠杆菌显著下降。添加0 6%和0 8%果寡糖使粪便中胆汁酸含量显著提高,添加0 8%果寡糖使粪便中胆固醇含量显著提高。上述结果显示,果寡糖可能通过改变盲肠发酵而抑制胆固醇的吸收和合成以及增加粪便中胆固醇和胆汁酸的排出。

微量元素铜影响肉仔鸡免疫功能剂量效应的研究

1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡300只 ,随机分为5组 ,每组3重复 ,自由采食以玉米、淀粉、葡萄糖和大豆分离蛋白为主的日粮 ,日粮中分别添加0、6.5、11、55和100mg/kg 铜 ,饮用去离子水 ,分别于1和14日龄皮下注射HVT冻干苗 ,7和14日龄滴鼻接种Lasota系冻干苗。11mg/kg 铜添加组增重较其它组快、饲料增重比较其它组低 ,免疫器官(胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊)发育优于其它组 ,血液分离淋巴细胞ANAE+ 率高于其它组 ,与之相比 :0铜添加组21及42日龄体重降低(P<0.01) ,0～42日龄饲料增重比增加 ,21及42日龄胸腺重量降低(P<0.01) ;100mg/kg铜添加组21和42日龄胸腺重量及0铜添加组法氏囊重量降低(P<0.05),0铜添加组42日龄脾脏重量降低(P<0.5) ;42日龄0铜添加组或100mg/kg铜添加组血液分离淋巴细胞ANAE +率显著降低(P<0.05);0铜添加组21和42日龄T、B淋巴细胞对丝裂原的反应性极显著降低(P<0.01) ,100mg/kg铜添加组相应指标显著降低(P<0.05) ;14、21、28、35、42和49日龄血清NDV、MDY抗体ELISA效价显著降低(P<0.05) ,其中0铜添加组21、28、35和42日龄血清NDV、MDY抗体ELISA效价及100mg/kg铜添加组21、28和35日龄相应指标极显著降低(P<0.01) ;55mg/kg 铜添加组21、42日龄T淋巴细胞对丝裂原的反应性及21 ,28 ,35日龄血清NDV。

0～21日龄岭南黄雏鸡代谢能需求参数的研究

试验选用600羽0日龄岭南黄雏鸡随机分为5组,每组120只,公母各半并分栏饲养,饲粮代谢能水平分别为11 88、12 19、12 92、13 22和13 60MJ/kg,粗蛋白水平为21%(w),其他营养成分各组基本一致.试验期21d.结果表明,在本试验条件下,0～21日龄黄羽肉鸡适宜的饲粮代谢能需要量为公鸡:12 19MJ/kg,母鸡:12 92MJ/kg.根据饲养试验和比较屠宰试验结果,对0～21日龄岭南黄鸡每日食入代谢能和每单位代谢体质量沉积净能进行一元线性回归分析,得出0～21日龄黄羽肉鸡每单位代谢体质量的维持代谢能值为580 33kJ/d,增质量代谢能转化为沉积净能的效率为53 05%.

日粮添加多不饱和脂肪酸对肉仔鸡抗氧化指标的影响

本试验通过观察日粮中添加多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)与肉仔鸡抗氧化酶活性及过氧化产物的量的关系,研究PUFA对肉仔鸡抗氧化能力的影响。试验包括3个单因子试验,3个处理组日粮为玉米豆粕型日粮,分别添加4.5%的禽脂、玉米油和鱼油,每个处理组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。21日龄和42日龄分别检测脾脏、肠道抗氧化酶(谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT))活性和脂质过氧化产物(丙二醛,MDA)水平。综合本试验检测的抗氧化指标(GSH-Px、SOD、CAT和MDA)可知,日粮中添加鱼油和玉米油的肉仔鸡抗氧化酶活性较对照组均有不同程度的提高,而机体脂质过氧化产物(MDA)与对照组比较无显著性差异。这表明虽然添加PUFA易使机体发生过氧化反应,但由于机体抗氧化酶系(GSH-Px、SOD、CAT)功能的增强,可以抵消PUFA过氧化的不良作用。但是肉仔鸡抗氧化酶系功能的增强可能是PUFA具有直接调控机体抗氧化酶的作用,也可能是机体过氧化产物的反馈作用导致其功能代偿性增强。添加PUFA,脾脏CAT和SOD增强主要发生在21日龄;肠道CAT和SOD活性增强则主要发生在42日龄。由此可知,日粮中添加PUFA对肉仔鸡抗氧化酶活性的影响因生长阶段不同而存在组织器官特异性。

实用饲粮锰缺乏对肉仔鸡组织含锰超氧化歧化酶活性及其线粒体超微结构的影响

用1日龄Arbir Acres雏鸡64只(1/2,1/2♀),分成2组,分别喂以含锰(Mn)17ppm的缺Mn玉米-豆饼基础饲粮和含Mn137ppm的补Mn(试剂级MnSO_4·H_2O)饲粮28天。结果表明,实用饲粮Mn缺乏促使肝和心的Mn含量降低(P<0.01),心脏含Mn超氧化歧化酶(MnSOD)活性降低约26％(P<0.01),而对肝MnSOD无影响(P>0.05)。Nn缺乏导致心和肝线粒体超微结构异常,包括心线粒体萎缩退化、“分裂”趋势、肝线粒体的“融合”趋势、心肝线粒体的脊排列不规则和有的外膜丢失,且心和肝粗面内质网均明显扩张。Mn缺乏使鸡腿病发生率增加,血浆谷草转氨酶(GOT)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性和尿酸含量升高(P<0.01),肌酸磷酸激酶(CPK)活性虽有增加趋势,但不显著(P<0.05)。鸡的生长性能无显著变化(P>0.05)。