Drought is one of the critical conditions for the growth and productivity of many crops including mung bean(Vigna radiata L.Wilczek).Screening of genotypes for variations is one of the suitable strategies for evaluati...Drought is one of the critical conditions for the growth and productivity of many crops including mung bean(Vigna radiata L.Wilczek).Screening of genotypes for variations is one of the suitable strategies for evaluating crop adaptability and global food security.In this context,the study investigated the physiological and biochemical responses of four drought tolerant(BARI Mung-8,BMX-08010-2,BMX-010015,BMX-08009-7),and four drought sensitive(BARI Mung-1,BARI Mung-3,BU Mung-4,BMX-05001)mung bean genotypes under wellwatered(WW)and water deficit(WD)conditions.The WW treatment maintained sufficient soil moisture(22%±0.5%,i.e.,30%deficit of available water)by regularly supplying water.Whereas,the WD treatment was maintained throughout the growing period,and water was applied when the wilting symptom appeared.The drought tolerant(DT)genotypes BARI Mung-8,BMX-08010-2,BMX-010015,BMX-08009-7 showed a high level of proline accumulation(2.52–5.99 mg g^(−1) FW),photosynthetic pigment(total chlorophyll 2.96–3.27 mg g^(−1) FW at flowering stage,and 1.62–2.38 mg g^(−1) FW at pod developing stage),plant water relation attributes including relative water content(RWC)(82%–84%),water retention capacity(WRC)(12–14)as well as lower water saturation deficit(WSD)(19%–23%),and water uptake capacity(WUC)(2.58–2.89)under WD condition,which provided consequently higher relative seed yield.These indicate that the tolerant genotypes gained better physiobiochemical attributes and adaptability in response to drought conditions.Furthermore,the genotype BMX-08010-2 showed superiority in terms of those physio-biochemical traits,susceptibility index(SSI)and stress tolerance index(STI)to other genotypes.Based on the physiological and biochemical responses,the BMX-08010-2 was found to be a suitable genotype for sustaining yield under drought stress,and subsequently,it could be recommended for crop improvement through hybridization programs.In addition,the identified traits can be used as markers to identify tolerant genotypes for drought-prone areas.展开更多
During the life cycle of a plant,seed germination is crucial.Upon ingestion of water,the dry seeds resumed energy metabolism and cellular repair.To dissect the complex mechanisms at the very beginning of seed germinat...During the life cycle of a plant,seed germination is crucial.Upon ingestion of water,the dry seeds resumed energy metabolism and cellular repair.To dissect the complex mechanisms at the very beginning of seed germination,two approaches including transcriptome and small RNA sequencing were conducted during the water imbibition process of mung bean seeds compared with dry seed.The transcriptome sequencing analysis identified 10,108 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between dry and imbibed mung bean seeds.KEGG enrichment analyses demonstrated numerous DEGs involved in hormone signaling pathways,carbohydrate,and energy metabolism.Out of the total DEGs,129 genes were investigated to involve in abscisic acid,gibberellin,and ethylene pathways,with 56 genes involved in glycolysis and TCA cycle.Through the analysis of small RNA sequencing among different samples,there were 284 miRNAs found in the imbibed and dried seeds of mung bean containing 213 known and 71 novel miRNAs.From comparison between the two types of seeds,51 miRNAs were differentially expressed.The integrated analyses of transcriptome and miRNAome data showed that 23 DEGs are the putative target genes of 8 miRNAs including miR156,miR171b-3p,miR166e-3p,miR169-1,etc.QRT-PCR was used to validate several DEGs and miRNAs.The data suggested that the seed imbibition process is regulated by a variety of DEGs and microRNAs.Meanwhile,we hope to gain a deeper insight into how mung bean seeds germinate in order to optimize seed growth.展开更多
For the purpose of functional validation,the mung bean(Vigna radiata)VrPR gene was cloned and overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana.Thefindings revealed that the ORF of VrPR contained 1200 bp,in which 399 amino acids w...For the purpose of functional validation,the mung bean(Vigna radiata)VrPR gene was cloned and overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana.Thefindings revealed that the ORF of VrPR contained 1200 bp,in which 399 amino acids were encoded.Bioinformatics analysis showed that the VrPR protein belonged to the NADB Rossmann superfamily,which was one of the non-transmembrane hydrophilic proteins.VrPR was assumed to have 44 amino acid phosphorylation sites and be contained in chloroplasts.The VrPR secondary structure comprised of random coil,αhelix,βangle,and extended chain,all of which were quite compatible with the anticipated tertiary structure.Moreover,analysis of the phylogenetic tree indicated that the soybean PR(Glyma.12G222200)and VrPR were closely related.Furthermore,chlorophyll content in leaves is markedly increased in Arabidopsis when VrPR is overexpressed.Ourfindings will serve as a reference for more functional studies on the PR genes in mung bean.展开更多
Mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek.) is a warm-season, C<sub>3</sub> pulse crop of the legume family that has been widely cultivated in Asian countries. As the demand for mung bean continues to increase i...Mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek.) is a warm-season, C<sub>3</sub> pulse crop of the legume family that has been widely cultivated in Asian countries. As the demand for mung bean continues to increase in the United States, the ecophysiology, growth, and yield of mung bean varieties in the southeastern US need to be assessed. A field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research and Education Center of Tennessee State University to investigate the effects of four varieties (OK2000, Berken, TSU-1, AAMU-1) and three planting densities (5, 10, and 15 cm spacing) on the ecophysiology and yield of mung bean. Results showed that the relative chlorophyll content, plant height, pod dry biomass, pod number, crop yield, and harvest index significantly varied among the varieties. Density only influenced transpiration, relative chlorophyll content, and plant dry biomass. OK2000 had 101.0% more pods per plant and a 42.4% higher harvest index and produced a 45.3% higher yield than other varieties, but no significant difference in yield was found among the other three varieties. This study demonstrated that the mung bean variety OK2000 with a high yield would be ideal for commercial production in the southeastern US.展开更多
Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is rich in bioactive compounds including D-chiro-inositol (DCI), vitexin, and isovitexin, which have beneficial effects on patients with diabetes. To find a better source for these val...Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is rich in bioactive compounds including D-chiro-inositol (DCI), vitexin, and isovitexin, which have beneficial effects on patients with diabetes. To find a better source for these valuable chemicals, we have collected 110 varieties of mung bean seed samples and 8 mung bean products to determine the levels of these bioactive compounds. We also measured the DCI content in mung bean sprouts at different germination stages. Content of DCI, vitexin, and isovitexin in all mung bean varieties ranged from 0.43 to 5.79, 0.12 to 3.00, and 0.03 to 1.16 mg g-~, respectively. The varieties of C0001321, C0003522, and C0004485 have the highest DCI, vitexin, and isovitexin contents, respectively. The mung bean products in the market contained relatively lower level of these bioactive components. Contents of DCI, vitexin, and isovitexin in all mung bean products ranged from 0.119 to 0.717, 0 to 0.547, and 0 to 0.923 mg g-~, respectively. During the 112 h of germination test, DCI level steadily increased at first stage and reached the highest level at 80 h of germination (4.79 mg g-~). These results provide useful information for the selection of suitable varieties and proper germination stages to obtain functional ingredients from mung beans.展开更多
The seeds and sprouts of mung bean are very common cruise in Asia.Evidence showed that bioactive compounds in mung bean have emerged as an increasing scientific interest due to their role in the prevention of degenera...The seeds and sprouts of mung bean are very common cruise in Asia.Evidence showed that bioactive compounds in mung bean have emerged as an increasing scientific interest due to their role in the prevention of degenerative diseases.All data of in vitro,in vivo and clinical studies of mung bean and its impact on human health were collected from a library database and electronic search.Botanical,phytochemical and pharmacological information was gathered and orchestrated.Remarkable studies have been demonstrated,showing the enhancement of metabolites in mung bean during the sprouting process,which possesses various health benefiting bioactive compounds.These compounds have been frequently attributed to their antioxidant,anti-diabetic,antimicrobial,anti-hyperlipidemic and antihypertensive effect,anti-inflammatory,and anticancer,anti-tumor and anti-mutagenic properties.In this critical review,we aimed to study the insight of the nutritional compositions,phytochemistry,and healthpromoting effects of mung bean and its sprouts.The various curative potential of mung bean provides successive preclinical outcomes in the field of drug discovery and this review strongly recommends that mung bean is an excellent nutritive legume,which modulates or prevents chronic degenerative diseases.展开更多
The study was carried out on the basis of the flowering period of mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus). The polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) was used to stimulate water stress. Four mung bean varieties with different drou...The study was carried out on the basis of the flowering period of mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus). The polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) was used to stimulate water stress. Four mung bean varieties with different drought resistances were used as materials in this experiment, in which the physiological indexes of mung bean for the identification of drought resistance were selected, and the response analysis of seven physiological indexes to different degrees of drought stress was measured by using polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) on different concentrations of 5%, 10% and 20%. The physiological mechanism was analysed on drought tolerance of mung beans. This test was to set up identification system for drought tolerance of flowering mung bean. The results showed that the relative conductivity after 6 days of 5% PEG treatment, the SOD activity after 6 days of 5% PEG treatment, the POD activity after 6 days of 10% PEG treatment and the ABA content after 6 days of 10% PEG treatment could be used as drought-tolerant identification for mung beans at flowering period. These four physiological indexes and drought-resistant index weighted grey correlation analysis results showed that the correlation order was successively SOD activity (0.8589) > ABA content (0.8290) > conductivity (0.7160) > POD activity (0.6637);and the grey correlation degree was greater than 0.6500 among the four physiological indexes.展开更多
The present study was undertaken to prepare instant porridge from some useful and available ingredients such as bulgur powder, potato, tomato, carrot, mung bean (unsoaked, soaked and germinated), then seasoned with on...The present study was undertaken to prepare instant porridge from some useful and available ingredients such as bulgur powder, potato, tomato, carrot, mung bean (unsoaked, soaked and germinated), then seasoned with onion, garlic, salt, black pepper, cumin and coriander to make B1, B2 and B3 formulas. Chemical, physical properties, amino acids and sensory evaluation of instant porridge formulas were determined. The data showed that B2 formula which contained soaked mung bean had the highest calories value, total essential amino acids, biological value and water absorption index (WAI) compared to the other formulas, also it is recorded the highest degree of lightness </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">*</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> values (82.39 and 56.65), least redness </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">*</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> values (0.98 and 1.45) and intermediate in yellowness </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">b</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">*</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> values (25.91 and 24.45) before and after rehydrated, respectively. Regarding to sensory evaluation, there was a significant increase in color, taste and overall acceptability in B2 compared to the other formulas. Based on these results, revealed that the soaked mung bean was a good source of essential amino acid and calories to enhance nutritional and technological quality of the resultant porridge.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different proportions of spent Pleurotus ostreatus substrate on the germination and seedling growth of mung beans. [Methods] The cellulose-degrading ...[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different proportions of spent Pleurotus ostreatus substrate on the germination and seedling growth of mung beans. [Methods] The cellulose-degrading bacteria HB8 and HF1 were mixed with a commercially available microbial composting agent, respectively, for the composting of spent P. ostreatus substrate. Mung beans were cultivated with different proportions of spent mushroom substrate compost and soil. The seed germination rate, plant height, fresh weight and chlorophyll content of mung bean were used as indicators to investigate the effects of the organic fertilizer from spent P. ostreatus substrate on the growth of mung bean seedlings. [Results] The addition of cellulose-degrading bacteria can significantly improve the composting effect of the spent mushroom substrate. After 8 d of cultivation of mung beans with different ratios of the mushroom substrate organic fertilizer, 50% of the organic fertilizer can make the plant height, fresh weight and leaf chlorophyll content of mung bean seedlings reach the highest value and was suitable for mung bean breeding and cultivation. [Conclusions] This study provides scientific basis and technical indicators for the rapid and harmless treatment of spent mushroom substrate and its application in crop cultivation and nursery.展开更多
Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)in the range 900-1700 nm was performed to develop a clas-sifying model for dead seeds of mung bean using single kernel measurements.The use of the combination of transmission-absorption...Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)in the range 900-1700 nm was performed to develop a clas-sifying model for dead seeds of mung bean using single kernel measurements.The use of the combination of transmission-absorption spectra and refection-absorption spectra was deter-mined to yield a better classification performance(87.88%)than the use of only transmission-absorption spectra(81.31%).The effect of the orientation of the mung bean with respect to the light source on its absorbance was investigated.The results showed that hilum-down orientation exhibited the highest absorbance compared to the hilum-up and hilum-parallel-to-ground orientations.We subsequently examined the spectral information related to the seed orientation by developing a classifying model for seed orientation.The wavelengths associated with classi-fication based on seed orientation were obt ained.Finally,we determined that the re-developed classifying model excluding the wavelengths related to the seed orientation afforded better ac-curacy(89.39%)than that using the entire wavelength range(87.88%).展开更多
Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is rich in D-chiro-inositol (DCI), vitexin, and isovitexin, which has beneficial effects on antidiabetic and inhibits the formation of advanced glycation end-products. In this study, n...Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is rich in D-chiro-inositol (DCI), vitexin, and isovitexin, which has beneficial effects on antidiabetic and inhibits the formation of advanced glycation end-products. In this study, near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to predict the contents of DCI, vitexin, and isovitexin in mung bean. The spectra data were linearized with those determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The models for predicting the DCI, vitexin, and isovitexin contents in mung bean were developed using partial least-squares (PLS) algorithm. Cross-validation procedures indicated good correlations between HPLC data and NIRS predictions (R2=0.90 for DCI, R2=0.81 for vitexin, and R2=0.90 for isovitexin). The predictive contents of DCI, vitexin, and isovitexin ranged from 2.082 to 3.084%, 1.277 to 1.307%, and 0.5998 to 0.6286%, respectively. The results showed that NIRS, a well-established and widely applied technique, could be applied to rapid detection of DCI, vitexin, and isovitexin contents in mung bean.展开更多
Worldwide,the dietary deficiency of zinc(Zn)is prevailing in almost all arid and semi-arid regions.Zinc deficiency is not only the major constraint of lower yield,but also dietary Zn deficiency in cereals grains may c...Worldwide,the dietary deficiency of zinc(Zn)is prevailing in almost all arid and semi-arid regions.Zinc deficiency is not only the major constraint of lower yield,but also dietary Zn deficiency in cereals grains may cause increasing malnutrition and chronic health problems in human.Exogenous application of Zn through basal soil nutrition might be a useful option to recover Zn deficiency in mung bean.Therefore,field study was conducted to optimize the optimum level and method of Zn nutrition to enhance crop yield and Zn biofortification of mung bean through basal application.Zinc was applied at 0,5,10 and 15 kg/ha as basal application and side dressing,and in combination(50%basal application+50%side dressing).The results highlighted that Zn nutrition prominently improved the mung bean yield as compared with control(no Zn applied).The maximum grains yield and Zn concentration in grains were obtained where Zn was applied at 15 kg/ha as basal application as compared with all other combinations.Better improvement in grain yield was due to significant increase in more number of pods and grain size owing to well-developed root system,improved leaf area index and high chlorophyll contents in mung beans leaves.Amongst all applied Zn nutrition’s the basal application of Zn(15 kg/ha)was a viable option to get higher yield and Zn biofortification of mung bean.展开更多
Mung bean(Vigna radiata)sprouts are widely consumed worldwide due to their high nutritional value.However,the low yield and microbial contamination of mung bean sprouts seriously reduces their economic value.This stud...Mung bean(Vigna radiata)sprouts are widely consumed worldwide due to their high nutritional value.However,the low yield and microbial contamination of mung bean sprouts seriously reduces their economic value.This study investigates the effects of non-thermal plasma on the quality and microbial reduction of mung bean sprouts by pretreatment of seeds in water for different times(0,1,3 and 6 min).The quality results showed that short-time plasma treatment(1 and 3 min)promoted seed germination and seedling growth,whereas long-time plasma treatment(6 min)had inhibitory effects.Plasma also had a similar dose effects on the total flavonoid and phenolic contents of mung bean sprouts.The microbiological results showed that plasma treatment achieved a reduction of native microorganisms ranging from 0.54 to 7.09 log for fungi and 0.29 to 6.80 log for bacteria at 96 h incubation.Meanwhile,plasma treatment could also efficiently inactivate artificially inoculated Salmonella typhimurium(1.83–6.22 log)and yeast(0.53–3.19 log)on mung bean seeds.The results of seed coat permeability tests and scanning electron microscopy showed that plasma could damage the seed coat structure,consequently increasing the electrical conductivity of mung bean seeds.The physicochemical analysis of plasma-treated water showed that plasma generated various long-and short-lived active species[nitric oxide radicals(NO·),hydroxyl radicals(·OH),singlet oxygen(1O2),hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)),nitrate(NO_(3)^(-)),and nitrite(NO_(2)^(-))]in water,thus the oxidizability,acidity and conductivity of plasma-treated water were all increased in a treatment timedependent manner.The result for mimicked chemical mixtures confirmed the synergistic effect of activity of H_(2)O_(2),NO_(3)^(-)and NO_(2)^(-)on bacterial inactivation and plant growth promotion.Taken together,these results imply that plasma pretreatment of mung bean seeds in water with moderate oxidizability and acidity is an effective method to improve the yield of mung bean sprouts and reduce microbial contamination.展开更多
[Objectives]The research aimed to study extraction technology of flavonoids from mung bean hull and determine their antioxidant activity.[Methods]Mung bean hull was taken as raw material,and extraction technology was ...[Objectives]The research aimed to study extraction technology of flavonoids from mung bean hull and determine their antioxidant activity.[Methods]Mung bean hull was taken as raw material,and extraction technology was freeze thaw assisted ultrasound,and ethanol aqueous solution was taken as solvent.Solid-liquid ratio,ethanol volume fraction,ultrasonic power and time were taken as variables to carry out single-factor experiments,to determine scavenging abilities of flavonoids from mung bean hull to DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical.[Results]The optimal extraction process of flavonoids was as below:1∶15 of solid-liquid ratio,70%of ethanol volume fraction,120 W of ultrasonic power and 80's of ultrasonic time.At this time,extraction rate of flavonoids was 4.07 mg/g.Scavenging activities of flavonoids from mung bean hull to DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical were 57.64%and 42.19%,respectively.[Conclusions]Freeze thaw assisted ultrasound was suitable for extracting flavonoids from mung bean hull.展开更多
The structure of the complex of mung bean trypsin inhibitor lysine active fragment with bovine trypsin has been determined at a resolution of 1.8 A by A-ray crystallographic analysis and the complex model refined by r...The structure of the complex of mung bean trypsin inhibitor lysine active fragment with bovine trypsin has been determined at a resolution of 1.8 A by A-ray crystallographic analysis and the complex model refined by restrained least-squares minimization with the data between 10 and 1.8 resolution.The current conventional R factor is 17.3%,and the model con- tains 1648 protein atoms,219 inhibitor atoms and 126 water molecules.The most prominent feature of the inhibitor fragment is that it does not contain any alpha-helices.Most of the chain fold in an irregular fashion.The seven residues of the binding segment of the inhibitor lysine active frag- ment are in specific contact with bovine trypsin.The binding interaction and geometry around the reactive site are similar to that observed in other studies of trypsin-inhibitor complexes.展开更多
基金The authors extend their appreciation to the researchers Supporting Project No.(RSP-2021/298),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Drought is one of the critical conditions for the growth and productivity of many crops including mung bean(Vigna radiata L.Wilczek).Screening of genotypes for variations is one of the suitable strategies for evaluating crop adaptability and global food security.In this context,the study investigated the physiological and biochemical responses of four drought tolerant(BARI Mung-8,BMX-08010-2,BMX-010015,BMX-08009-7),and four drought sensitive(BARI Mung-1,BARI Mung-3,BU Mung-4,BMX-05001)mung bean genotypes under wellwatered(WW)and water deficit(WD)conditions.The WW treatment maintained sufficient soil moisture(22%±0.5%,i.e.,30%deficit of available water)by regularly supplying water.Whereas,the WD treatment was maintained throughout the growing period,and water was applied when the wilting symptom appeared.The drought tolerant(DT)genotypes BARI Mung-8,BMX-08010-2,BMX-010015,BMX-08009-7 showed a high level of proline accumulation(2.52–5.99 mg g^(−1) FW),photosynthetic pigment(total chlorophyll 2.96–3.27 mg g^(−1) FW at flowering stage,and 1.62–2.38 mg g^(−1) FW at pod developing stage),plant water relation attributes including relative water content(RWC)(82%–84%),water retention capacity(WRC)(12–14)as well as lower water saturation deficit(WSD)(19%–23%),and water uptake capacity(WUC)(2.58–2.89)under WD condition,which provided consequently higher relative seed yield.These indicate that the tolerant genotypes gained better physiobiochemical attributes and adaptability in response to drought conditions.Furthermore,the genotype BMX-08010-2 showed superiority in terms of those physio-biochemical traits,susceptibility index(SSI)and stress tolerance index(STI)to other genotypes.Based on the physiological and biochemical responses,the BMX-08010-2 was found to be a suitable genotype for sustaining yield under drought stress,and subsequently,it could be recommended for crop improvement through hybridization programs.In addition,the identified traits can be used as markers to identify tolerant genotypes for drought-prone areas.
基金This study was funded by the Agricultural Variety Improvement Project of Shandong Province(Grant Nos.2019LZGC017 and 2021LZGC025)Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System of Shandong Province(Grant No.SDAIT-15-01).
文摘During the life cycle of a plant,seed germination is crucial.Upon ingestion of water,the dry seeds resumed energy metabolism and cellular repair.To dissect the complex mechanisms at the very beginning of seed germination,two approaches including transcriptome and small RNA sequencing were conducted during the water imbibition process of mung bean seeds compared with dry seed.The transcriptome sequencing analysis identified 10,108 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between dry and imbibed mung bean seeds.KEGG enrichment analyses demonstrated numerous DEGs involved in hormone signaling pathways,carbohydrate,and energy metabolism.Out of the total DEGs,129 genes were investigated to involve in abscisic acid,gibberellin,and ethylene pathways,with 56 genes involved in glycolysis and TCA cycle.Through the analysis of small RNA sequencing among different samples,there were 284 miRNAs found in the imbibed and dried seeds of mung bean containing 213 known and 71 novel miRNAs.From comparison between the two types of seeds,51 miRNAs were differentially expressed.The integrated analyses of transcriptome and miRNAome data showed that 23 DEGs are the putative target genes of 8 miRNAs including miR156,miR171b-3p,miR166e-3p,miR169-1,etc.QRT-PCR was used to validate several DEGs and miRNAs.The data suggested that the seed imbibition process is regulated by a variety of DEGs and microRNAs.Meanwhile,we hope to gain a deeper insight into how mung bean seeds germinate in order to optimize seed growth.
基金This research was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant Number(31871576)National Keypoint Research and Invention Program of the Thirteenth,Grant Number(2019YFD1002205)The APC was funded by National Keypoint Research and Invention Program of the Thirteenth.
文摘For the purpose of functional validation,the mung bean(Vigna radiata)VrPR gene was cloned and overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana.Thefindings revealed that the ORF of VrPR contained 1200 bp,in which 399 amino acids were encoded.Bioinformatics analysis showed that the VrPR protein belonged to the NADB Rossmann superfamily,which was one of the non-transmembrane hydrophilic proteins.VrPR was assumed to have 44 amino acid phosphorylation sites and be contained in chloroplasts.The VrPR secondary structure comprised of random coil,αhelix,βangle,and extended chain,all of which were quite compatible with the anticipated tertiary structure.Moreover,analysis of the phylogenetic tree indicated that the soybean PR(Glyma.12G222200)and VrPR were closely related.Furthermore,chlorophyll content in leaves is markedly increased in Arabidopsis when VrPR is overexpressed.Ourfindings will serve as a reference for more functional studies on the PR genes in mung bean.
文摘Mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek.) is a warm-season, C<sub>3</sub> pulse crop of the legume family that has been widely cultivated in Asian countries. As the demand for mung bean continues to increase in the United States, the ecophysiology, growth, and yield of mung bean varieties in the southeastern US need to be assessed. A field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research and Education Center of Tennessee State University to investigate the effects of four varieties (OK2000, Berken, TSU-1, AAMU-1) and three planting densities (5, 10, and 15 cm spacing) on the ecophysiology and yield of mung bean. Results showed that the relative chlorophyll content, plant height, pod dry biomass, pod number, crop yield, and harvest index significantly varied among the varieties. Density only influenced transpiration, relative chlorophyll content, and plant dry biomass. OK2000 had 101.0% more pods per plant and a 42.4% higher harvest index and produced a 45.3% higher yield than other varieties, but no significant difference in yield was found among the other three varieties. This study demonstrated that the mung bean variety OK2000 with a high yield would be ideal for commercial production in the southeastern US.
基金supported by the Talent Fund(to Dr. Ren Guixing) from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciencesthe Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System,China(nycytx-018)
文摘Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is rich in bioactive compounds including D-chiro-inositol (DCI), vitexin, and isovitexin, which have beneficial effects on patients with diabetes. To find a better source for these valuable chemicals, we have collected 110 varieties of mung bean seed samples and 8 mung bean products to determine the levels of these bioactive compounds. We also measured the DCI content in mung bean sprouts at different germination stages. Content of DCI, vitexin, and isovitexin in all mung bean varieties ranged from 0.43 to 5.79, 0.12 to 3.00, and 0.03 to 1.16 mg g-~, respectively. The varieties of C0001321, C0003522, and C0004485 have the highest DCI, vitexin, and isovitexin contents, respectively. The mung bean products in the market contained relatively lower level of these bioactive components. Contents of DCI, vitexin, and isovitexin in all mung bean products ranged from 0.119 to 0.717, 0 to 0.547, and 0 to 0.923 mg g-~, respectively. During the 112 h of germination test, DCI level steadily increased at first stage and reached the highest level at 80 h of germination (4.79 mg g-~). These results provide useful information for the selection of suitable varieties and proper germination stages to obtain functional ingredients from mung beans.
基金The work was jointly supported by two grants(Project code:UIC 201624 and UIC 201714)from Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College,Zhuhai,Guangdong,China.
文摘The seeds and sprouts of mung bean are very common cruise in Asia.Evidence showed that bioactive compounds in mung bean have emerged as an increasing scientific interest due to their role in the prevention of degenerative diseases.All data of in vitro,in vivo and clinical studies of mung bean and its impact on human health were collected from a library database and electronic search.Botanical,phytochemical and pharmacological information was gathered and orchestrated.Remarkable studies have been demonstrated,showing the enhancement of metabolites in mung bean during the sprouting process,which possesses various health benefiting bioactive compounds.These compounds have been frequently attributed to their antioxidant,anti-diabetic,antimicrobial,anti-hyperlipidemic and antihypertensive effect,anti-inflammatory,and anticancer,anti-tumor and anti-mutagenic properties.In this critical review,we aimed to study the insight of the nutritional compositions,phytochemistry,and healthpromoting effects of mung bean and its sprouts.The various curative potential of mung bean provides successive preclinical outcomes in the field of drug discovery and this review strongly recommends that mung bean is an excellent nutritive legume,which modulates or prevents chronic degenerative diseases.
文摘The study was carried out on the basis of the flowering period of mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus). The polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) was used to stimulate water stress. Four mung bean varieties with different drought resistances were used as materials in this experiment, in which the physiological indexes of mung bean for the identification of drought resistance were selected, and the response analysis of seven physiological indexes to different degrees of drought stress was measured by using polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) on different concentrations of 5%, 10% and 20%. The physiological mechanism was analysed on drought tolerance of mung beans. This test was to set up identification system for drought tolerance of flowering mung bean. The results showed that the relative conductivity after 6 days of 5% PEG treatment, the SOD activity after 6 days of 5% PEG treatment, the POD activity after 6 days of 10% PEG treatment and the ABA content after 6 days of 10% PEG treatment could be used as drought-tolerant identification for mung beans at flowering period. These four physiological indexes and drought-resistant index weighted grey correlation analysis results showed that the correlation order was successively SOD activity (0.8589) > ABA content (0.8290) > conductivity (0.7160) > POD activity (0.6637);and the grey correlation degree was greater than 0.6500 among the four physiological indexes.
文摘The present study was undertaken to prepare instant porridge from some useful and available ingredients such as bulgur powder, potato, tomato, carrot, mung bean (unsoaked, soaked and germinated), then seasoned with onion, garlic, salt, black pepper, cumin and coriander to make B1, B2 and B3 formulas. Chemical, physical properties, amino acids and sensory evaluation of instant porridge formulas were determined. The data showed that B2 formula which contained soaked mung bean had the highest calories value, total essential amino acids, biological value and water absorption index (WAI) compared to the other formulas, also it is recorded the highest degree of lightness </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">*</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> values (82.39 and 56.65), least redness </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">*</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> values (0.98 and 1.45) and intermediate in yellowness </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">b</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></i></span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">*</span></i></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> values (25.91 and 24.45) before and after rehydrated, respectively. Regarding to sensory evaluation, there was a significant increase in color, taste and overall acceptability in B2 compared to the other formulas. Based on these results, revealed that the soaked mung bean was a good source of essential amino acid and calories to enhance nutritional and technological quality of the resultant porridge.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(15C0721)Hunan Provincial Innovation Platform Open Fund Project(16K047)Hunan Provincial Construct Program of the Key Discipline
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different proportions of spent Pleurotus ostreatus substrate on the germination and seedling growth of mung beans. [Methods] The cellulose-degrading bacteria HB8 and HF1 were mixed with a commercially available microbial composting agent, respectively, for the composting of spent P. ostreatus substrate. Mung beans were cultivated with different proportions of spent mushroom substrate compost and soil. The seed germination rate, plant height, fresh weight and chlorophyll content of mung bean were used as indicators to investigate the effects of the organic fertilizer from spent P. ostreatus substrate on the growth of mung bean seedlings. [Results] The addition of cellulose-degrading bacteria can significantly improve the composting effect of the spent mushroom substrate. After 8 d of cultivation of mung beans with different ratios of the mushroom substrate organic fertilizer, 50% of the organic fertilizer can make the plant height, fresh weight and leaf chlorophyll content of mung bean seedlings reach the highest value and was suitable for mung bean breeding and cultivation. [Conclusions] This study provides scientific basis and technical indicators for the rapid and harmless treatment of spent mushroom substrate and its application in crop cultivation and nursery.
基金the aegis of the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program(Grant No.PHD/0173/2554)and the Kasetsart University Research and Development Institute(KURDIresearch code:36.58)for theirnancial support of this research.
文摘Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)in the range 900-1700 nm was performed to develop a clas-sifying model for dead seeds of mung bean using single kernel measurements.The use of the combination of transmission-absorption spectra and refection-absorption spectra was deter-mined to yield a better classification performance(87.88%)than the use of only transmission-absorption spectra(81.31%).The effect of the orientation of the mung bean with respect to the light source on its absorbance was investigated.The results showed that hilum-down orientation exhibited the highest absorbance compared to the hilum-up and hilum-parallel-to-ground orientations.We subsequently examined the spectral information related to the seed orientation by developing a classifying model for seed orientation.The wavelengths associated with classi-fication based on seed orientation were obt ained.Finally,we determined that the re-developed classifying model excluding the wavelengths related to the seed orientation afforded better ac-curacy(89.39%)than that using the entire wavelength range(87.88%).
基金supported by the Talent Fund(to Dr. Ren Guixing)from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciencesthe Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System,China(nycytx-018)
文摘Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is rich in D-chiro-inositol (DCI), vitexin, and isovitexin, which has beneficial effects on antidiabetic and inhibits the formation of advanced glycation end-products. In this study, near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to predict the contents of DCI, vitexin, and isovitexin in mung bean. The spectra data were linearized with those determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The models for predicting the DCI, vitexin, and isovitexin contents in mung bean were developed using partial least-squares (PLS) algorithm. Cross-validation procedures indicated good correlations between HPLC data and NIRS predictions (R2=0.90 for DCI, R2=0.81 for vitexin, and R2=0.90 for isovitexin). The predictive contents of DCI, vitexin, and isovitexin ranged from 2.082 to 3.084%, 1.277 to 1.307%, and 0.5998 to 0.6286%, respectively. The results showed that NIRS, a well-established and widely applied technique, could be applied to rapid detection of DCI, vitexin, and isovitexin contents in mung bean.
文摘Worldwide,the dietary deficiency of zinc(Zn)is prevailing in almost all arid and semi-arid regions.Zinc deficiency is not only the major constraint of lower yield,but also dietary Zn deficiency in cereals grains may cause increasing malnutrition and chronic health problems in human.Exogenous application of Zn through basal soil nutrition might be a useful option to recover Zn deficiency in mung bean.Therefore,field study was conducted to optimize the optimum level and method of Zn nutrition to enhance crop yield and Zn biofortification of mung bean through basal application.Zinc was applied at 0,5,10 and 15 kg/ha as basal application and side dressing,and in combination(50%basal application+50%side dressing).The results highlighted that Zn nutrition prominently improved the mung bean yield as compared with control(no Zn applied).The maximum grains yield and Zn concentration in grains were obtained where Zn was applied at 15 kg/ha as basal application as compared with all other combinations.Better improvement in grain yield was due to significant increase in more number of pods and grain size owing to well-developed root system,improved leaf area index and high chlorophyll contents in mung beans leaves.Amongst all applied Zn nutrition’s the basal application of Zn(15 kg/ha)was a viable option to get higher yield and Zn biofortification of mung bean.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11605159 and 11405147)Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2017M612412)+3 种基金the Foundation of Key Technology Research Project of Henan Province(No.182102311115)Key Discipline Construction Project of Zhengzhou University(No.32410257)Youth Innovation Project of Key Discipline of Zhengzhou University(No.XKZDQN202002)Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.202300410013)。
文摘Mung bean(Vigna radiata)sprouts are widely consumed worldwide due to their high nutritional value.However,the low yield and microbial contamination of mung bean sprouts seriously reduces their economic value.This study investigates the effects of non-thermal plasma on the quality and microbial reduction of mung bean sprouts by pretreatment of seeds in water for different times(0,1,3 and 6 min).The quality results showed that short-time plasma treatment(1 and 3 min)promoted seed germination and seedling growth,whereas long-time plasma treatment(6 min)had inhibitory effects.Plasma also had a similar dose effects on the total flavonoid and phenolic contents of mung bean sprouts.The microbiological results showed that plasma treatment achieved a reduction of native microorganisms ranging from 0.54 to 7.09 log for fungi and 0.29 to 6.80 log for bacteria at 96 h incubation.Meanwhile,plasma treatment could also efficiently inactivate artificially inoculated Salmonella typhimurium(1.83–6.22 log)and yeast(0.53–3.19 log)on mung bean seeds.The results of seed coat permeability tests and scanning electron microscopy showed that plasma could damage the seed coat structure,consequently increasing the electrical conductivity of mung bean seeds.The physicochemical analysis of plasma-treated water showed that plasma generated various long-and short-lived active species[nitric oxide radicals(NO·),hydroxyl radicals(·OH),singlet oxygen(1O2),hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)),nitrate(NO_(3)^(-)),and nitrite(NO_(2)^(-))]in water,thus the oxidizability,acidity and conductivity of plasma-treated water were all increased in a treatment timedependent manner.The result for mimicked chemical mixtures confirmed the synergistic effect of activity of H_(2)O_(2),NO_(3)^(-)and NO_(2)^(-)on bacterial inactivation and plant growth promotion.Taken together,these results imply that plasma pretreatment of mung bean seeds in water with moderate oxidizability and acidity is an effective method to improve the yield of mung bean sprouts and reduce microbial contamination.
基金Scientific Research Project of Nanjing Polytechnic Institute。
文摘[Objectives]The research aimed to study extraction technology of flavonoids from mung bean hull and determine their antioxidant activity.[Methods]Mung bean hull was taken as raw material,and extraction technology was freeze thaw assisted ultrasound,and ethanol aqueous solution was taken as solvent.Solid-liquid ratio,ethanol volume fraction,ultrasonic power and time were taken as variables to carry out single-factor experiments,to determine scavenging abilities of flavonoids from mung bean hull to DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical.[Results]The optimal extraction process of flavonoids was as below:1∶15 of solid-liquid ratio,70%of ethanol volume fraction,120 W of ultrasonic power and 80's of ultrasonic time.At this time,extraction rate of flavonoids was 4.07 mg/g.Scavenging activities of flavonoids from mung bean hull to DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical were 57.64%and 42.19%,respectively.[Conclusions]Freeze thaw assisted ultrasound was suitable for extracting flavonoids from mung bean hull.
文摘The structure of the complex of mung bean trypsin inhibitor lysine active fragment with bovine trypsin has been determined at a resolution of 1.8 A by A-ray crystallographic analysis and the complex model refined by restrained least-squares minimization with the data between 10 and 1.8 resolution.The current conventional R factor is 17.3%,and the model con- tains 1648 protein atoms,219 inhibitor atoms and 126 water molecules.The most prominent feature of the inhibitor fragment is that it does not contain any alpha-helices.Most of the chain fold in an irregular fashion.The seven residues of the binding segment of the inhibitor lysine active frag- ment are in specific contact with bovine trypsin.The binding interaction and geometry around the reactive site are similar to that observed in other studies of trypsin-inhibitor complexes.