Performance Description of Brushless Doubly-Fed Induction Machine in Its Asynchronous and Variable Speed Synchronous Modes

Brushless Doubly-Fed Machine has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to its advantages. It has the robustness of the squirrel cage induction machine, and the speed and power factor controllability of the synchronous machine as well as the absence of brushes and slip rings, and using a fractionally rated frequency converter. Hence, there are considerable benefits over the conventional machines, when the machine is applied to applications such as a wind turbine generator or high power adjustable speed drive. However, these benefits are obtained in slightly more complex structure, higher cost and larger dimensions in comparison to the conventional induction machine. This paper presents fundamental aspects of the three modes of operation of brushless doubly fed machine, i.e. simple induction mode, cascade induction mode, and synchronous mode. The investigation is performed by analyzing the spatial harmonic contents of the rotor magnetic flux density. The direct cross couplings between stator and rotor fields as well as, indirect cross coupling between stator fields by the special rotor of this machine is described. Furthermore, loss analysis of the machine in various modes is presented and the torque-speed curves for asynchronous modes are obtained. A 2-D magnetodynamic finite element model based on the D-180 4/8 pole prototype machine is extracted and simulated to verify the results.

Brushless Doubly-Fed Induction Machine as a Variable Frequency Transformer

VFT （variable frequency transformer） has been recently used as art alternative to HVDC （high voltage direct current） to control power flow between asynchronous networks. VFT consumes less reactive power than a back-to-back HVDC system, provides faster initial transient recovery, and has better natural damping capability. VFT is simply a DFIM （doubly-fed induction machine） where the machine torque controls the power flow from stator to rotor and vice versa. The main disadvantage of this VFT is the slip rings and brushes required for the rotor circuit, especially in bulk power transmission. The BDFM （brushless doubly-fed machine） with nested cage rotor machine is proved to be a comparable alternative to conventional DFIM in many applications with the advantage that all windings being in the stator frame with fixed output terminals. In this paper, the BDFM is used as a BVFT （brushless variable frequency transformer）. A prototype machine is designed and simulated to verify the system validity.

Design and analysis of a dual-stator brushless doubly-fed induction machine with a staggered dual-cage rotor

In this paper,a new dual-stator brushless doubly-fed induction machine with a staggered dual cage rotor is proposed,with emphasis on the general interconnection rule of the conductor bars for the staggered dual cage rotor.Since the squirrel cage rotor offers the merits of robustness,reliable structure,high slot filling factor,and low rotor resistance comparing to the wound rotor,it is introduced to the dual-stator brushless doubly-fed induction machine to solve the problems of high copper loss and unreliable rotor structure for the dual-stator brushless doubly-fed induction machine with a wound rotor.The originality of this article is to investigate the interconnection rule of conductor bars between the inner and outer cages.The constraint condition that is supposed to be satisfied is deduced by using the rotating magneto-motive force theory,based on which diverse slot/pole combinations are investigated.The performance comparison between the existing and proposed machines is conducted.Finally,a prototype is designed and fabricated.The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed topology.

Parameter Deviation Effect Study of the Power Generation Unit on a Doubly-Fed Induction Machine-based Shipboard Propulsion System

To lower the difficulty of fault protection,a doubly-fed induction machine based shipboard propulsion system(DFIM-SPS)that is partially power decoupled is presented.In such an intrinsically safe SPS architecture,a synchronous generator(SG)is employed for power generation,and the accuracy of the parameters of power generation unit(PGU)plays an important role in SPS stable operation.In this paper,the PGU parameter deviations are studied to evaluate the effects on system performance.The models of salient-pole SG,type DC1A excitation system(EXS)and DFIM are illustrated first.Besides,the corresponding control scheme is explained.For the 16 important parameters of PGU,up to 40%of parameter deviations are applied to implement parameter sensitivity analysis.Then,simulation studies are carried out to evaluate the parameter deviation effects on system performance in detail.By defining three parameter deviation effect indicators(PDEIs),the effects on the PGU output variables,which are the terminal voltage and output active power,are studied.Moreover,the increasing rates of PDEIs with different degrees of parameter deviations for the key parameters are analyzed.Furthermore,the overall system performance is investigated for the two most influential PGU parameters.This paper provides some vital clues on SG and EXS parameter identification for DFIM-SPS.

Robust Position Observer for Sensorless Direct Voltage Control of Stand-Alone Ship Shaft Brushless Doubly-Fed Induction Generators

The aim of this paper is to investigate an adaptive sensorless direct voltage control(DVC)strategy for the stand-alone ship shaft brushless doubly-fed induction generators(BDFIGs).The proposed new rotor position observer using the space vector flux relations of BDFIG may achieve the desired voltage control of the power winding(PW)in terms of magnitude and frequency,without any speed/position sensors.The proposed algorithm does not require any additional observers for obtaining the generator speed.The proposed technique can directly achieve the desired DVC based on the estimated rotor position,which may reduce the overall system cost.The stability analysis of the proposed observer is investigated and confirmed with the concept of quadratic Lyapunov function and using the multi-model representation.In addition,the sensitivity analysis of the presented method is confirmed under different issues of parameter uncertainties.Comprehensive results from both simulation and experiments are realized with a prototype wound-rotor BDFIG,which demonstrate the capability and efficacy of the proposed sensorless DVC strategy with good transient behavior under different operating conditions.Furthermore,the analysis confirms the robustness of the proposed observer via the machine parameter changes.

Improvement Torque Performances of Interior Permanent-Magnet Machines

Due to their excellent efficiency,power density and constant power speed region,interior permanent-magnet(IPM)machines are very suitable for electric vehicles(EVs).This paper proposed a new IPM rotor topology,which can offer high reluctance torque,wide constant power speed range and excellent overload capability.Besides,five rotor topologies with integral-slot distributed-windings IPM machines,including four existing IPM topologies and the proposed IPM topology,are designed optimally.Their characteristics,which include d-q axis inductances,saliency ratios,electromagnetic torques,corresponding torque ripples,back-electromotive forces(EMFs),overload capabilities and flux weakening performances are evaluated quantitatively.Finally,a three phase 48s8p hybrid rotor PM machine is built to verify the performances of the proposed IPM machine.This work provides some general concepts for machine developers who are willing to build IPM machines for high-performance EV applications.

Brushless Doubly-Fed Machines:Opportunities and Challenges

The brushless doubly-fed machine(BDFM)is a family of multiport electric machines with two ac electrical ports and a common mechanical port.Different from the conventional singly-fed machines whose synchronous speed is solely determined by a single supply frequency and the actual pole pair number,the BDFM has two supply frequencies and two different pole pair numbers to control the rotor speed.By the two accessible electrical ports,all BDFMs are endowed with more degrees of freedom for speed and power control,inherent fault-tolerant capability and high reliability.The BDFM in its broad sense has been extensively investigated as a promising alternative to the conventional slip-ring doubly-fed induction machine(DFIM)during the past decades,for both limited and wide speed range applications.This paper presents a new theoretical framework of the BDFM within which all topological variants can be closely linked by the similarities in working principle.The individualities of each machine topology are presented first,followed by the commonalities such as the modeling techniques,modes of operation,design considerations and control strategies.The challenges are identified and highlighted based on recent developments and possible opportunities are predicted considering the unique nature of this special AC machine type.

Overview of Research and Development Status of Brushless Doubly-Fed Machine System

The brushless doubly-fed machine(BDFM)has been widely used due to its advantages of robustness,reliable operation,ease of maintenance,adjustable power factor,small converter capacity and low cost.BDFM is attractive for use in many applications such as variable frequency speed regulation systems and variable speed constant frequency generation systems.Hence,there is a rapidly growing interest in design and control of BDFM.In this paper,the origin and development of BDFM are reviewed,the structural characteristics of BDFM are discussed at length,the principles of operation and design are analyzed,and the different control methods used for BDFM are overviewed and compared in detail.Finally,challenges and opportunities of BDFM are concluded.

基于降阶动态相量模型的电感耦合式励磁系统间接励磁电流估计

电励磁同步电机(EESM)具有稀土永磁材料依赖性低、励磁磁场可控、调速范围广的优点,在新能源汽车驱动领域拥有良好的应用前景。利用电感耦合式无刷励磁技术可以有效降低传统有刷EESM的摩擦损耗和维护成本。但是,无刷励磁技术的引入导致励磁电流无法直接测量,因此提出一种基于降阶动态相量模型的间接式励磁电流估计方法。首先利用电感耦合关系将励磁电流的直接估计转换为间接估计,有效地提高了算法的鲁棒性;然后推导出励磁电流降阶动态相量估计模型,进一步提高间接估计方法的精度;接着考虑电流谐波影响,提出变系数改进方法;最后通过仿真和实验验证了估计方法的有效性。

绕组互感对C-DUMP变换器供电的无刷直流电机运行特性的影响

储能电容电压是无刷直流电机新型功率变换器 (C -dump变换器 )的关键参数 ,它的选择受多种因素影响 ,其中电机绕组对其影响最大。该文从理论上分析了绕组互感对C -dump变换器供电无刷直流电机运行特性的影响 ,给出了考虑绕组互感时储能电容电压的选择方法。文中对是否考虑绕组互感的情况进行了仿真比较 ,最后进行了实验验证。仿真与实验结果验证了该文理论分析的正确性。

笼形转子无刷双馈电机启动特性分析

无刷双馈电机在启动过程中受到功率绕组和控制绕组产生的异步转矩的综合作用,使得电机启动过程比较复杂,而采用合理的启动方法是改善BDFM启动性能的根本途径。在Matlab/Simulink环境下,利用BDFM的转子速坐标系下的d-q数学模型,对BDFM在不同启动方法下的启动性能进行了仿真分析,对比研究了异步启动、直流同步、亚同步以及超同步过渡过程中电流等参数的变化规律。研究结果表明:采用单馈异步启动的方法容易实现,但可能会产生较剧烈的振荡或失步现象,转动惯量和负载转矩等参数会影响电机异步启动后的稳定速度。双馈变频启动方法虽可实现平稳启动,但控制复杂。

无刷双馈电机电感参数的计算

为准确计算无刷双馈电机的微分电感参数,在传统有限元能量摄动法的基础上,提出一种改进的能量摄动法。新方法可大大减少非线性方程的求解次数,并具有采用1阶导数求解、直接计算能量增量等优点。通过一台类笼型转子无刷双馈电机的算例和实验结果对比,表明该法效率更高、计算更准确,为无刷双馈电机的仿真提供了一种实用的电感计算方法。

电力电子变换器控制的异步电机发电技术

与国防和民生密切相关的独立电源系统以及再生能源等两大领域,都向发电系统提出了迫切的需求。电力电子变换器控制的异步电机发电技术是再生能源、舰船、航空等领域的研究热点。本文对带有静止励磁调节器的三相笼型异步发电机的结构特点、工作原理、控制策略进行了系统地分析和总结,对两种定子双绕组笼型异步发电机的工作原理和技术现状分别进行了详细地分析,并分别总结了系统的技术特点。最后展望了带有静止励磁调节器的异步电机发电技术的发展前景。

笼型转子无刷双馈发电机的间接功率控制

针对无刷双馈发电机(BDFIG)在变速恒频风力发电系统中有功功率和无功功率的控制问题,提出一种笼型转子无刷双馈发电机并网后的间接功率控制方法。利用BDFIG统一坐标系模型推导出有功功率与控制绕组磁链幅值和相位增量之间的解析关系,在此基础上设计有功功率和无功功率的控制器,建立间接功率控制系统的结构框图。样机并网后的实验结果表明该方法能够实现有功功率与无功功率的控制。该方法无需进行旋转坐标变换,用到的电机参数较少,构成的控制系统结构简单。

三级式同步电机转子初始位置在线检测方法

三级式同步电机的主发电机有一定的凸极性,不同的转子位置会影响气隙磁场的饱和程度,导致定子电感产生变化。基于这个原理,该文研究了采用注入脉冲电压矢量实现主发电机转子初始位置检测的方法,根据其转子励磁电流的变化特性,制定了电压矢量脉冲的注入方案,研究了不同转子位置与d轴电流之间的关系。由于主发电机转子励磁电流包含的脉动成分会影响转子位置的检测精度,文中分别采用傅里叶分析法和α-β-γ滤波法分析d轴响应电流的差值数据。实验结果表明,该文所提方法简化了传统电压脉冲注入法先确定转子位置再确定正方向的两步检测方案,多次实验结果表明该方法的检测稳定性较好,能够有效降低主发电机转子励磁脉动对检测精度的影响。

混合转子无刷电励磁同步电机参数的解析计算

研究了无刷电励磁同步电机的运行机理和混合转子的磁场调制原理,运用叠加法与绕组函数法相结合,建立了混合转子无刷电励磁同步电机电感参数模型,研究了混合转子无刷电励磁同步电机电感参数解析计算方法,通过编制程序对电机的电感参数进行计算,得出了电感参数随转子位置变化的规律,并采用有限元法计算了电机的电感参数。研制了实验样机,采用静测法进行了电感参数的测试。将解析计算结果分别与有限元计算结果和实验结果进行对比分析,验证了所提出混合转子无刷电励磁同步电机电感参数解析计算模型的正确性。为该种电机的进一步仿真分析与研究奠定了技术基础。

绕线转子无刷双馈电机漏感计算

为准确计算和测定绕线转子无刷双馈电机漏感参数,该文根据绕组电流在电机内不同位置所建立漏磁场的不同特点,推导槽漏感、端部漏感、谐波漏感计算公式。求解槽漏感时建立单槽槽漏磁场能量模型,分区域分层计算该槽漏磁场能量,利用叠加定理求出槽内导体漏感,参考网络图论列写关联矩阵求出各相槽漏感。求解端部漏感时,引入气隙电流和镜像电流,在均匀介质中建立线圈端部漏感计算模型,采用离散化的毕奥-萨伐尔定律求解两线圈间端部漏磁链,列写关联矩阵求出各相端部漏感。求解谐波漏感时,由于气隙长度相等使得磁动势波形与磁通密度波形具有相似性,对两种极对数的磁场,分别利用总电感减去基波电感计算两线圈间的谐波互感,列写关联矩阵求出各相谐波漏感。根据该模型计算一台不等匝同心式绕线转子无刷双馈电机漏感参数,通过与堵转试验及传统方法所得数据对比,验证了该方法的准确性。

无刷双馈异步电机潮流建模和收敛性研究

针对并网无刷双馈异步电机(BDFM)风电机组潮流计算问题,发现在最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)方式下,BDFM有功出力与电网运行条件有关;提出BDFM与电网联立求解潮流模型。对于受功率调度的BDFM,发现有功参考值在低风速下可能得不到满足,将导致潮流发散;提出两阶段潮流模型:首先判断功率调度是否有效,然后选择BDFM潮流约束和求解方法。为改善潮流收敛性,提出基于转差率或支路功率的BDFM初值算法。给出IEEE RTS系统中BDFM参数计算结果,以验证所提BDFM潮流算法的可行性和正确性。

无刷永磁直流电机的绕组参数计算

绕组电感参数的准确计算对于永磁无刷直流电机的动态性能分析具有重要的意义．分别介绍了绕组电感参数计算的磁场分析法和磁动势磁导法，并结合具有内外转子不同结构的两种永磁无刷直流电机的应用实例，对比分析了两种电感参数计算方法的计算精度与实用性。

级联式无刷双馈感应电机稳定性及其控制系统的研究

在分析级联式无刷双馈感应电机的数学模型的基础上 ,以小信号线性化增量模型为手段 ,根据李雅普诺夫稳定判据得出其稳定性的条件 ;而后对级联式无刷双馈感应电机矢量控制系统进行了仿真研究 ;最后分析了控制系统在典型工况下的动、静态品质。实验结果证明了其完全可以达到与直流电机控制系统的性能以及仿真分析的正确性。在国内首次研制成功该类电机矢量控制系统样机。为级联式无刷双馈感应电机进一步广泛应用于风力、水力变速恒频发电等领域 。