Discussion on Cost Budgeting and Cost Control Strategies for Prefabricated Construction Projects

In the process of China’s national economic development,the construction industry is a very important component and has a direct impact on the level of China’s economic construction.Nowadays,the development speed of the prefabricated construction industry is constantly accelerating.To effectively ensure the economic benefits of engineering projects,it is necessary to comprehensively strengthen cost budgeting and cost control.This article analyzes the cost budget of prefabricated construction projects,introduces the application advantages of prefabricated construction,and proposes specific cost budgeting and cost control measures,hoping to provide some reference for relevant researchers.

Discussion on Construction Project Cost Budget Settlement Review

Construction project cost control involves many complex contents,forming a large amount of data information.If the processing method is unreasonable,it will likely affect the cost control efficiency.Therefore,in the current construction project management,the review of project cost budget settlement is the focus to solve the cost management problems of construction projects and promote the development of the construction industry.This article mainly analyzes the influencing factors and current situation of construction project cost budget settlement review,and based on this,it explores the project cost budget settlement review strategy to promote the healthy development of construction project cost work.

Analysis of Budget and Cost Control of New Green Building Projects

With the increment of public awareness toward ecological environment protection,green building has gradually become an integral part of construction development.Green building refers to a form of architecture that conforms to the current social development form and meets the requisites of energy conservation and environmental protection.The budget and cost control of green building construction project play very important roles in improving the quality of the construction and reducing the cost of the project.This paper mainly analyzes the problems and control measures in the new green building engineering budget and cost control.

Efficient-Cost Task Offloading Scheme in Fog-Internet of Vehicle Networks

Fog computing became a traditional OffLad Destination(OLD)to compute the offloaded tasks of the Internet of Vehicles(IoV).Nevertheless,the limited computing resources of the fog node leads to re-offload these tasks to the neighboring fog nodes or the cloud.Thus,the IoV will incur additional offloading costs.In this paper,we propose a new offloading scheme by utilizing RoadSide Parked Vehicles(RSPV)as an alternative OLD for IoV.The idle computing resources of the RSPVs can compute large tasks with low offloading costs compared with fog nodes and the cloud.Finally,a performance evaluation of the proposed scheme has been presented and discussed with other benchmark offloading schemes.

Measures for the Construction Cost Budget and Settlement Audit

With the deep and sustainable development of the market economy,the competitive environment and development pattern faced by China’s construction industry are becoming more and more severe.In this context,construction projects should actively incorporate the development trends of the market economy and focus on analyzing relevant influencing factors and risk content.Considering previous experience,the audit effect of construction project budget and settlement has a major impact on the quality and economic benefit of construction projects to a certain extent.In view of this,this paper mainly focuses on the content and method of the construction cost budget and settlement audit as well as suggests measures for the construction cost budget and settlement audit,so as to improve the construction cost management level.

全成本预算绩效管理的改革实践与未来展望

全成本预算绩效管理通过打开成本的“黑箱”,进一步增强了成本与产出之间的实质联系,是避免预算绩效管理流于形式的关键所在。本文针对预算管理实践中存在的成本核定不准确、预算投入不合理等问题,从理论机制和实践应用两个方面入手,深入剖析了全成本预算绩效管理区别于传统预算绩效管理的主要特征与关键优势。面对成本界定、成本分摊与成本效益信息运用中的诸多挑战,本文提出在考虑成本生成主体的基础之上,构建基于不同主体的成本核算机制,统一成本分摊标准,审慎考虑成本效益分析的实施项目与运用程度,实行绩效奖励与收入分成机制。本文希望为进一步深化预算绩效管理改革提供有效抓手。

Cost Utility Analysis of Dapagliflozin in Egyptian Patients with CKD from the Payer Perspective

Background: Chronic kidney disease is a serious public health issue in Egypt. An estimated 13% of individuals in Egypt are expected to have CKD, with a higher prevalence among older adults and in rural regions. The primary goal of the study was to compare the cost-utility of the standard of care alone against add-on medication, dapagliflozin, as a preventative measure against complications of CKD in cases with or without diabetes mellitus. Methods: A lifetime Markov state transition model with a 3-month cycle was employed based on the clinical evidence from the DAPA-CKD clinical trial. The model was to provide estimates of the long-term economic and health impact of managing CKD patients. Cost-effectiveness is assessed regarding the cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. This economic evaluation study used a payer perspective. Moreover, the study evaluated the impact on the budget due to the undertaking of dapagliflozin. One-way deterministic sensitivity analyses, as well as a probabilistic sensitivity analysis, were employed. Results: During a lifetime horizon, the difference in cost between dapagliflozin and SOC was EGP -65,212 (USD 2126.89). The difference in QALY between dapagliflozin and SOC was 4.3. In CKD patients, adding dapagliflozin to ramipril generates better QALYs and lower costs than ramipril alone. Dapagliflozin improved the outcomes and generated cost savings. A deterministic one was sensitivity analysis revealed that the model is robust to changes in all variables included. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis using Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 iterations showed that in about 82.64% of trials, dapagliflozin is cost-saving. The undertaking of dapagliflozin by any percent will have a positive impact on the budget. Conclusion: During the lifetime horizon, dapagliflozin is cost-saving;it benefits the quality of life and the total cost. The addition of dapagliflozin to SOC has a saving effect of 11.9% of the budget.

加氢站预算定额消耗量准确性的影响因素及提升策略研究

分别从定额编制、施工安装、外部环境3个层面识别加氢站预算定额消耗量准确性的影响因素,通过因子分析法对影响因素进行公因子提取和关键因素提炼。结果表明:5个公因子对加氢站预算定额准确性皆有显著影响,其影响程度为编制方法与依据>施工安装技术>施工组织管理>编制组织与成员>外部环境;安装技术更新速度、编制方法与测定对象的匹配性和施工工艺规范度是影响消耗量准确性的关键因素。据此探讨消耗量准确性的提升策略:缩短定额修订时间,建立长效管理机制;提高编制方法与测定对象的匹配度;明确加氢站现场施工规范,缩小施工偏差影响。

支持热力图等级偏好的路径规划算法

热力图以颜色直观地反映人群密度、空间质量等特征的空间分布规律。现实应用中存在避开空气质量差或人群密度大等热力图等级偏好的路线需求,文中提出了支持热力图等级偏好的路径规划问题,规划出一条从起点到终点的路径,该路径花费的成本代价不超过给定的路径成本预算,且满足避开热力图等级偏好的路段(命名危险路段)长度最小化。首先提出一种两阶段的危险网格替换算法,第一阶段规划出一条从起点到终点的最短路径,第二阶段对最短路径中不支持热力图等级偏好的危险网格进行替换。为简化路径搜索过程,提出一种基于危险区域规避图路径查询算法,将热力图中的危险区域近似成矩形结构,生成危险区域规避图,在图上进行路径查询。最后,在真实的数据集上进行充分的测试,验证了所提出算法的有效性。

海洋石油工程项目建设成本管理思路

海洋石油工程项目的开展对缓解中国石油资源紧缺有重大意义及价值。这类项目建设运行具有高风险、工程周期长、海上运输工作量大、长期合作企业多、管理环节错综复杂等特点,实施过程应加强成本管理工作,有效提升企业的经济效益,降低建设风险。文章结合海洋石油工程项目管理中加强成本管理的价值意义分析出发,对当前成本管理工作开展中的现状及实施路径进行了综合探究,着重从成本管理构架、成本预算管理、成本控制要点、成本核算分析、成本考核等方面阐述,以期提升中国海上工程项目建设国际市场竞争力。

DIP支付模式下公立医院运营管理优化路径研究

随着公立医院综合改革进入深水区,粗放的运营管理已不符合高质量发展的需要。文章探讨了DIP支付模式下医院运营管理的现状问题,探索提出了优化路径及落地实践的要点,即以病种组合及分值为基础,实施预算绩效一体化闭环的资源配置策略、提升资源效能的成本管理机制、激发人员自生管理动力的绩效分配制度,并提出了建设管理信息系统的建议,进而为DIP支付模式下公立医院提升运营管理能力提供实践参考。

投入产出绩效管理模式:天津市预算绩效管理提质增效的创新探索

近年来,天津市财政局面对突出的收支矛盾,针对绩效管理投入端“重花钱、轻成本”,产出端“重完成、轻效益”,投入和产出两端“欠融合、轻衔接”等问题,进行了“投入产出绩效管理”新模式的预算改革,旨在构建投入端“讲成本”、支出端“讲效益”、过程监督“重衔接”的财政预算管理机制;在预算绩效管理各环节中引入成本核算,运用投入产出分析等方法完善绩效预算,实现业务和财务融合、成本和效益对应、政策目标和公共资源匹配。同时,对如何进一步深入推进改革提出了具体思路,以期为实现预算绩效管理提质增效探索创新路径。

地方党政机关过紧日子面临的现实难题与解决思路

过紧日子是中国共产党治国理政的重要理念和优良传统。本文通过溯源我们党在财政上过紧日子的历史,分析当前地方党政机关存在的过紧日子理念贯通难、结构性制约、手段不完备、治理机制不完善等问题,提出习惯过紧日子并把紧日子过得更紧更实的应对之策。

我国中老年人助听器康复干预的经济学评价研究

目的:对助听器康复干预进行成本效果分析,并考虑将助听器纳入医疗保险后对医保预算的影响。方法:利用在山东省临沂市开展的助听器康复干预的随机对照试验,通过双重差分法进行增量成本效果分析,以年人均国内生产总值作为是否具有成本效果的阈值;其次进行预算影响分析,测算在不同助听器报销比例下的医保预算费用变动。结果:假设每副助听器的购买费用为10,000元,助听器的平均使用年限为n年,若n>2.20,则干预非常具有成本效果;若1.88<n<2.20,则干预增加的成本效果可以接受;若n<1.88,则干预措施不具有成本效果。若将助听器购买费用纳入医疗保险系统,最多约需3.25年医保预算即可持平。结论:助听器干预是一种具有成本效果的听力康复手段,且若将其纳入医保报销,长期来看可节约医保预算。因此,本研究建议完善与听力障碍康复相关的保障政策,如鼓励助听器技术的研发和创新、推动将助听器纳入医保报销等,从而促进听力治疗和康复干预。

影响建筑工程造价超预算的因素及控制策略研究

建筑工程造价是对建筑项目在实施过程中所需要的各种费用进行合理的规划,通过对工程造价进行合理的预算,从而提高项目的经济效益,为项目的顺利开展提供保障。但是在实际工程实施过程中,常会出现超预算现象,对项目成本造成较大影响。因此,本文就影响建筑工程造价超预算问题的因素进行分析,并提出相应控制措施,以期为建筑企业提高项目经济效益提供参考意见,从而促进建筑行业的发展。

概预算编制对工程造价的影响及应对策略

概预算编制是工程项目实施过程中不可或缺的重要环节,是工程造价管理的核心内容,因此概预算编制工作对工程项目顺利实施具有重要意义。文章首先对概预算编制概念及方法进行了阐述,其次从三个方面分析了概预算编制对工程造价的影响,最后重点探讨了提升概预算编制质量策略。

政府购买服务项目成本预算绩效分析

随着各地各部门政府购买服务改革的持续深化,对政府购买服务类项目开展成本预算绩效分析成为提升公共服务绩效、优化财政资金投入的重要管理方式之一。国内预算绩效管理改革逐渐向成本预算绩效方向持续深入,北京、上海、山东、江苏等地开展了政府购买服务成本预算绩效管理的探索实践,取得了一定成效。近年来,全国各地对城市餐厨垃圾无害化、资源化处理的财政资金投入不断加大,以城市餐厨垃圾处置费为案例开展成本预算绩效分析具有重要现实意义。本文借鉴“工作分解结构”(WBS)、作业成本法、成本效益分析等方法,基于“活动—成本”二维框架,建构了成本预算绩效分析“九步法”,然后以A市“城市餐厨垃圾处置项目”为实例,检验了该方法的有效性,为丰富其他类型项目的成本预算绩效分析提供了借鉴和参考。

考虑用户出行成本预算的电力-交通耦合网络充电站定价策略

随着电动汽车的规模化发展,研究如何有效考虑用户的出行行为机理并制定合理的充电站充电价格,对电力-交通网络的协同优化调度具有重大意义。针对此问题,提出了考虑用户出行成本预算的电力-交通耦合网络充电站定价策略。首先,建立考虑出行成本预算的交通用户均衡模型,将均衡状态通过变分不等式进行等效描述,从而对电动汽车出行需求和充电行为进行刻画。其次,构建考虑功率削减的配电网二阶锥优化模型,将充电站定价问题转化为含有变分不等式约束的优化问题,并根据问题设计交替迭代算法和外梯度算法进行求解。最后,通过算例对所提模型和方法的有效性进行验证,结果表明了考虑出行成本预算对耦合网络充电定价的必要性。

基于成本管控视角下国有企业应用EVA管理优化全面预算管理研究

构建以企业价值管理为核心的EVA全面预算管理模式,有利于国企优化全面预算管理工作,提升企业成本管控能力及价值创造能力。文章从成本管控视角,分析国企开展全面预算管理、EVA管理的重要价值,基于成本管控维度梳理国企全面预算管理工作现状,重点剖析存在的问题,提出从应用EVA管理重塑国企全面预算管理组织机构、优化全面预算编制、完善全面预算管理执行考核等方面入手,构建国企EVA全面预算管理模式,弥补传统全面预算管理指标体系单一,以及难以考虑企业价值等诸多弊端。

建筑工程概预算编制对工程造价的影响与对策分析

在建筑领域,概预算编制作为项目初期的核心内容,承担着科学评估与控制工程造价的任务。概预算的编制是否准确关系到工程的经济效益、质量及进度。然而,在当前复杂多变的建筑环境中,概预算编制面临着越来越多的挑战,如何科学合理地编制概预算,成为工程管理者和业界关注的焦点。基于此,文章从概预算编制对工程造价的影响入手,深入剖析了概预算编制在建筑工程中的重要性与存在的问题,并提出相应的对策,旨在为建筑工程概预算的精准编制提供理论依据与实践指导。