复杂系统视角下数字领域“smart”概念的国际标准化共识构建及应用

进入数字时代,伴随大数据和人工智能技术快速发展和普遍应用,带有“smart”的指称不断涌现,然而关于“smart”概念的认知尚缺少跨领域和跨国际标准组织的标准化共识构建研究。采用ISO 704:2022的概念构建原则和方法,基于复杂系统论视角,对数字领域国际标准定义中涉及“smart”的概念特征进行了识别。基于跨领域国际标准组织专家的研讨、问卷调查和国际共识构建,提出了适应于复杂系统数字领域“smart”的通用概念,并将其用于指导《智慧城市城市智能服务体系构建指南》国家标准的制定过程。该研究对推进国家标准和国际标准兼容具有重要战略意义。

Privacy Preservation Scheme for Multicast Communications in Smart Buildings of the Smart Grid

Privacy preservation is a crucial issue for smart buildings where all kinds of messages, e.g., power usage data, control commands, events, alarms, etc. are transmitted to accomplish the management of power. Without appropriate privacy protection schemes, electricity customers are faced with various privacy risks. Meanwhile, the natures of smart grids and smart buildings—such as having limited computation power of smart devices and constraints in communication network capabilities, while requiring being highly reliable—make privacy preservation a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a group key scheme to safeguard multicast privacy with the provisions of availability, fault-tolerance, and efficiency in the context of smart buildings as a part the smart grid. In particular, hybrid architecture accommodating both centralized and contributory modes is constructed in order to achieve both fault-tolerance and efficiency with only one set of group key installed. Key trees are sophisticatedly managed to reduce the number of exponentiation operations. In addition, an individual rekeying scheme is introduced for occasional joining and leaving of member smart meters. Experimental results, on a simulation platform, show that our scheme is able to provide significant performance gains over state-of-the-art methods while effectively preserving the participants’ privacy.

Ten questions concerning integrating smart buildings into the smart grid

Recent advances in information and communications technology(ICT) have initiated development of a smart electrical grid and smart buildings. Buildings consume a large portion of the total electricity production worldwide, and to fully develop a smart grid they must be integrated with that grid. Buildings can now be"prosumers"on the grid(both producers and consumers), and the continued growth of distributed renewable energy generation is raising new challenges in terms of grid stability over various time scales. Buildings can contribute to grid stability by managing their overall electrical demand in response to current conditions. Facility managers must balance demand response requests by grid operators with energy needed to maintain smooth building operations.For example, maintaining thermal comfort within an occupied building requires energy and, thus an optimized solution balancing energy use with indoor environmental quality(adequate thermal comfort, lighting, etc.) is needed. Successful integration of buildings and their systems with the grid also requires interoperable data exchange. However, the adoption and integration of newer control and communication technologies into buildings can be problematic with older legacy HVAC and building control systems.Public policy and economic structures have not kept up with the technical developments that have given rise to the budding smart grid, and further developments are needed in both technical and non-technical areas.

Smart Building Design to Improve the Energy Consumption at an Office Room

Buildings are becoming smarter as a result of a variety of advanced technologies that enable energy management, optimal space utilization, and smart surveillance for safety, among other things. Energy-efficient smart building ideas and execution are of great interest and top priority due to the building’s occupants’ misused and high-power consumption. This paper addresses the design and execution of an energy management system that includes a solar power system for generating power for the building’s needs and a PIR-based automation system for efficient power use. This project was carried out at the Military Technological College (MTC) in Muscat, in the system engineering department’s offices. This project seeks to generate power for the building’s energy needs using solar photovoltaic panels and reduce energy consumption within the office using a PIR-based automation system. The results demonstrate that after the breakeven point (the time it takes to recoup the initial investment), it can provide power to the building for another 17 years. The calculations and practical results presented in this study approve that the system is extremely helpful.

Technical Design for Holistic Wireless Communication in Smart Buildings

This paper presents the design of a wireless building monitoring network implemented at the University of Nottingham's Creative Energy Homes test site.The network is installed in seven smart buildings with the aim of holistically collecting energy data.Data will be used to inform a central control algorithm to optimise the energy flows between buildings,in turn promoting the smart cities concept.Sensors and meters measuring temperature,humidity,CO_2,heat energy,power,and stratified tank temperature are described.Furthermore,the communication protocols utilised are also discussed,which include wireless MBus and EnOcean.This paper also covers the methods used for ensuring the reliability of data signals and the system controls.

Economic Model Predictive Control for Hot Water Based Heating Systems in Smart Buildings

This paper presents a study to optimize the heating energy costs in a residential building with varying electricity price signals based on an Economic Model Predictive Controller (EMPC). The investigated heating system consists of an air source heat pump (ASHP) incorporated with a hot water tank as active Thermal Energy Storage (TES), where two optimization problems are integrated together to optimize both the ASHP electricity consumption and the building heating consumption utilizing a heat dynamic model of the building. The results show that the proposed EMPC can save the energy cost by load shifting compared with some reference cases.

Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Technologies Using Smart Grids: Study Case on NIPE Building at UNICAMP Campus

In its broadest interpretation, the smart grid vision sees the future of power industry transformed by the introduction of intelligent two-way communications, ubiquitous metering and measurement. This enables much finer control of energy flows and the integration and efficient use of renewable forms of energy, energy efficiency methodologies and technologies, as well as many other advanced technologies, techniques and processes that wouldn’t have been practicable until present. The smart grid vision also enables the creation of more reliable, more robust and more secure power supply infrastructure, and helps optimize the enormous investments required to build and operate the physical infrastructure required. The smart grid promises to revolutionize the electric power business that has been in place for the past 75 years. This work discusses the efficiency, targeted at the consumer units of electricity, with a view to sustainability and potential for technological innovation. The issue is addressed from two perspectives: the systems for generation and power distribution, and the design of a building “smart energy”. Because of the novelty of the subject in our country, the concepts presented and treated throughout this work come from material obtained at events and specialized sites on electric power system in Brazil and worldwide, being accompanied by information and data from NIPE’s building at University of Campinas’s campus case study in which it exemplifies the applicability of the techniques and recommended technologies.

Commercial Technologies for Advanced Light Control in Smart Building Energy Management Systems: A Comparative Study

This work investigates the economic, social, and environmental impact of adopting different smart lighting architectures for home automation in two geographical and regulatory regions: Algiers, Algeria, and Stuttgart, Germany. Lighting consumes a considerable amount of energy, and devices for smart lighting solutions are among the most purchased smart home devices. As commercialized solutions come with variant features, we empirically evaluate through this study the impact of each one of the energy-related features and provide insights on those that have higher energy saving contribution. The study started by investigating the state-of-the-art of commercialized ICT-based light control solutions, which allowed the extraction of the energy-related features. Based on the outcomes of this study, we generated simulation scenarios and selected evaluations metrics to evaluate the impact of dimming, daylight harvesting, scheduling, and motion detection. The simulation study has been conducted using EnergyPlussimulation tool, which?enables fine-grained realistic evaluation. The results show that adopting smart lighting technologies have a payback period of few years and that the use of these technologies has positive economic and societal impacts, as well as on the environment by considerably reducing gas emissions. However, this positive contribution is highly sensitive to the geographical location, energy prices, and the occupancy profile.

Automated Smart Utilization of Background Lights and Daylight for Green Building Efficient and Economic Indoor Lighting Intensity Control

The ways which are used today in order to light houses, offices, and most of the indoor areas are inefficient as a lot of energy is consumed unnecessarily during the day time. Mainly this problem because the interior lighting design consider the worst case when the light service is at night, which is not always valid. Also in most cases the lighting system design relies on people to control the lights switching on and off. This problem is also one of the design concerns in Green Building. In this paper, a solution to this problem and a method for people’s comfort who use the indoor facilities in industrial buildings is presented. In the proposed smart lighting system, lights switch on automatically when there is somebody in the room or in the occupied space and switch off when there is no occupancy. In addition to this known technique, adjustment of the brightness level of the lights will be possible via the personal computer or any other smart device. In this method, for the illumination level in the area, where is needed to be controlled for better energy saving, the light automatically is measured by the sensor and considering the amount of background lights coming from outside, automatically the brightness of lights is controlled to reach the preset level that determined for that room. By the means of this method, it is possible to provide better user comfort, avoid human forcedness to switch the light on and off, and hence effective energy saving. Arduino controller is used to build the controller and to demonstrate the results. Economic analysis was done to calculate the percentage of the energy saving that can be obtained by implementing the proposed smart lighting controller. As an outcome of the economic analysis, energy saving norm for an office with a standard size was calculated.

智慧能源系统与建筑业协同交易的实现机制研究

随着可再生能源的大力开发利用,智慧能源系统与建筑业协同交易将在建筑业碳减排中发挥日益重要的作用,进而成为推进“双碳”战略目标的重要途径。文章在文献研究基础上,从“双碳”目标视角,提出智慧能源系统与建筑业协同交易的具体模式及其低碳贡献,并解析出对这一协同交易的影响因素。依据SCP理论系统构建外部环境、投资决策、价格因素、智慧能源系统特性、建筑业主差异化生产能力、建筑业主的竞争行为与智慧能源与建筑业协同交易的理论模型,建立智慧能源与建筑业协同交易的实现机制。

智慧校园楼宇建设与运维一体化管理系统研制探索

伴随大数据、物联网、人工智能等新兴科学技术的高速发展,智慧校园(城市)建设在整个社会掀起热潮。智慧建筑楼宇群是智慧校园的载体,数据驱动的建筑楼宇群设备自控及智慧运管,也就成为了智慧校园发展的必然趋势。本研究充分发挥了建设主体与运营主体高度统一的优势,以BIM技术为抓手,打通新老建筑设备系统通信的壁垒,深度整合了施工管理平台与运维管理平台,探索研制建设与运维一体化管理系统,为国内同类型智慧校园楼宇建设提供了积极示范。

数字化改革视域下智慧党建的应用场景设计与实践

随着数字化改革的不断深化,推进高校党建工作数字化转型是教育数字化战略行动的应有之义,智慧党建也成为创新高校党建工作的必由之路。针对高校党建工作的实际问题、基层党建工作的需求、党务工作者的困境,坚持需求、问题和目标导向,梳理党建工作数字化应用场景,探索构建基于中台的“1+3+3+1”应用总体架构,通过数据中台实现数据共享,结合钉钉平台完成“城院堡垒”应用开发,最终实现高校党建工作的高质量发展。

基于物联网技术的智能楼宇监测系统设计

针对目前智能楼宇监测中数据可靠性低、测量点位分散、数据传输实时性不高和误报频繁等问题,提出基于物联网(Internet of Things,IoT)技术的智能楼宇监测系统设计。首先,采用ZigBee技术组建无线传感器网络,实现分散点位传感器数据的收集,并将数据通过网关传输到物联网云平台。其次,利用改进的自适应加权算法融合传感器数据,有效提升多传感器检测数据的准确性。系统云平台能够分析和展示传感器数据,而且能够实时查看待测区域的视频图像,预留数据分析接口。应用表明,系统数据测量准确、相对误差较低、稳定性较好。

基于BIM 5D的项目安全与质量协同管理研究

为解决项目质量和安全管理无法直观表达、提前预防、及时整改等问题,本研究将BIM技术引入项目安全与质量管理工作中,验证了基于BIM 5D的工程安全与质量协同管理的可行性。通过研究得出:通过“事前预防”的BIM技术(建立Revit模型、深化设计、施工模拟、可视化技术交底),将项目质量和安全问题提前暴露,减少返工造成的不必要麻烦,保证物资的有序进场和合理堆放,为安全文明施工提供基础;通过“事中控制”的BIM 5D+智慧工地决策系统,将质量、安全问题进行归集、分析,将分析结果以图表呈现,对关键问题进行预警,及时发现问题并整改。上述方法保证了项目安全,提升了工程质量,为施工企业应用BIM 5D提供了参考。

新时代高职院校智慧党建平台建设的核心价值、实践困境与践行进路

智慧党建平台是新时代高职院校智慧党建体系构建的重要载体,是利用现代信息技术手段,使学校党建工作与互联网技术的深度融合。我省部分“双高”院校对这一党建新模式进行了有益探索,建立了智慧党建平台。但在智慧党建平台建设的总体规划、管理方式、组织结构和工作模式等方面亟待完善。要加强顶层设计、坚持动态更新、加强队伍建设、理顺运行机制等,作好智慧党建平台建设。

基于服务链的智慧图书馆轻量级微服务体系建设研究

为丰富智慧图书馆微服务内涵,构建基于服务链的智慧图书馆轻量级微服务体系。通过分析智慧图书馆微服务研究现状,明确智慧图书馆轻量级微服务发展所面临的机遇与挑战。引入服务链思想,从服务前、中、后期3个阶段,运营、技术、数据、用户4个维度构建智慧图书馆轻量级微服务体系,同时提出建设原则。为助力体系落地实施,从服务链延伸与服务链细化两方面对关键环节进行具体阐释。

万物互联视角下的能源物联网:现状、技术和案例分析

[目的]万物互联(IoE)时代酝酿着的新一代物联网(IoT)的发展,正在通过选择和组合其中的新信息、新功能、新应用,来实现其多样化发展。基于物联网技术的能源物联网,将物理事物之间的信息交换和能源交换,在同一张动态网络中连接起来。能源物联网催生着新的服务模式和能源的组织、交换、管理方式;它不仅涵盖能源即服务(Energy-as-a-service)和产销者(Prosumer)等新概念,还引领智慧建筑、智能抄表、智慧电网、分布式能源、虚拟电厂等创新应用。[方法]文章分析了能源物联网的现状,包括其关键的行业驱动因素、潜在的技术和应用,及其相关的研究进展。[结果]从学术和行业应用的角度讨论和比较了能源互联网与能源物联网的定义,并分析了面向能源物联网演进的一些主要阶段和需要关注的问题。[结论]文章为能源物联网的进一步研究和实践提供有益的参考。

智慧建筑操作系统研究与应用

数据作为新型生产要素已成为科技驱动产业发展的推力和国家核心竞争力。在建筑业向建设、运维全周期高品质发展的关键期,原有单业务模式应用软件系统的建筑数据碎片化和本地化问题突出,易形成数据孤岛效应,无法实现全生命周期贯通和多业务融合。为此,提出面向数据的智慧建筑操作系统,构建建筑全生命周期数据智能融合技术,建立数据驱动建筑业务应用软件开发的新模式,支撑建筑多样、多态、多变智慧应用,促进智慧建筑发展,服务我国智慧城市和建筑业智能化、数字化转型的重大需求。

新形势下医院智慧党建管理平台的运用和思考

随着信息技术的快速发展和数智化时代的到来,新形势下智慧党建管理平台正逐步成为党建工作的新引擎、新动能、新活力,具备强大的数据存储、分析、自动统计和管理的功能,以及高效、智能、便捷的特点,为党建工作提供了全面有利的数据支撑,使党建工作得到更加精准高效的管理,助推党建工作的不断创新和高质量发展。本文结合现单位智慧党建管理平台的实际运用和使用过程中遇到的问题进行分析和探究,提出一些思考和对策,以不断提升党建工作的科学化管理水平。