A Multi-Criteria Decision Support System for the Selection of Low-Cost Green Building Materials and Components

The necessity of having an effective computer-aided decision support system in the housing construction industry is rapidly growing alongside the demand for green buildings and green building products. Identifying and defining financially viable low-cost green building materials and components, just like selecting them, is a crucial exercise in subjectivity. With so many variables to consider, the task of evaluating such products can be complex and discouraging. Moreover, the existing mode for selecting and managing, often very large information associated with their impacts constrains decision-makers to perform a trade-off analysis that does not necessarily guarantee the most environmentally preferable material. This paper introduces the development of a multi-criteria decision support system (DSS) aimed at improving the understanding of the principles of best practices associated with the impacts of low-cost green building materials and components. The DSS presented in this paper is to provide designers with useful and explicit information that will aid informed decision-making in their choice of materials for low-cost green residential housing projects. The prototype MSDSS is developed using macro-in-excel, which is a fairly recent database management technique used for integrating data from multiple, often very large databases and other information sources. This model consists of a database to store different types of low-cost green materials with their corresponding attributes and performance characteristics. The DSS design is illustrated with particular emphasis on the development of the material selection data schema, and application of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) concept to a material selection problem. Details of the MSDSS model are also discussed including workflow of the data evaluation process. The prototype model has been developed with inputs elicited from domain experts and extensive literature review, and refined with feedback obtained from selected expert builder and developer companies. This paper further demonstrates the application of the prototype MSDSS for selecting the most appropriate low-cost green building material from among a list of several available options, and finally concludes the study with the associated potential benefits of the model to research and practice.

THE ROAD TO PLATINUM Using the USGBC’s LEED-EB® Green Building Rating System to Retrofit the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Region 10 Park Place Office Building

According to the U.S.Green Building Council(USGBC),buildings account for a significant amount of environmental degradation.The building sector is the number one producer of global CO_(2) emissions in the U.S.,followed by the transportation and industrial sectors.1(See Figure 1 for the environmental impact of all U.S.buildings.)The concept of green buildings represents a major paradigm shift in the architectural,construction,and engineering fields.As society increasingly switches its appreciation of buildings from merely size and aesthetics toward environmental stewardship and efficiency,the USGBC’s LEED Green Building Rating System has become increasingly popular to follow.Since its inception in 2000,the LEED system has been promoting and monitoring green building practices throughout the United States.With a four-tiered rating scheme including LEED Certified,LEED Silver,LEED Gold,and LEED Platinum,the system currently has 35,000 projects already on their way toward certification.2 In particular,the LEED for Existing Buildings(LEED-EB)system looks to retrofit existing buildings into those that are more sustainable,efficient,and environmentally friendly.Doing so significantly reduces the demand for new resources,as construction managers can recycle and reuse building materials and incorporate them into new designs.This truly is the definition of green building and is the way of the future.By implementing green building practices,many of the adverse environmental impacts of buildings can be dramatically reduced,often for only a one to two percent initial cost premium over the price of conventional construction practice.3 Several environmental benefits of green buildings include improving air and water quality,conserving natural resources,and becoming more energy efficient.Sudies have shown that green buildings,compared to normal buildings,can reduce energy use by 24–50 percent,CO_(2) emissions by 33–39 percent,water use by 40 percent,and solid waste by 70 percent.4(See Figure 2 for the impact of green commercial buildings compared to the average commercial building.)In fact,if half of all new construction within the U.S.were built to match these percentages,it would be the equivalent of taking more than one million cars off of the road every year.5 Economic benefits include reducing operating costs,improving employee productivity and satisfaction,and optimizing economic performance over the life cycle of the structure.6 Additionally,health and community benefits include enhancing occupant comfort and health,and contributing to an overall positive environmentallyconscious reputation.7 Furthermore,Taryn Holowka states,“people in green buildings have 40-60 percent fewer incidents of colds,flu,and asthma;patients in green hospitals are discharged as much as two and a half days earlier;and kids in green schools increase their test scores by as much as 18 percent.”8 The U.S.EPA’s Region 10 Park Place office building in Seattle was built in 1970.Its owner,Washington Holdings,and building manager,Wright Runstad&Company,have been encouraged by the EPA to use innovative energy conservation design,water conservation,waste reduction,stormwater management,and other strategies to make the structure more sustainable.Following the EPA’s Green Building Strategy,which states that the EPA aims to strengthen the foundations of green building and raise public awareness of building-related impacts and opportunities,the Park Place building has become only the fifteenth LEED-EB Platinum building in the world,and one of the most impressive nearly-forty-year-old buildings in the entire United States.By using the LEED-EB Platinum green building rating system,the Park Place building management team has been able to successfully lower the building’s energy consumption rate,improve its water efficiency,and make many other beneficial changes—all of which demonstrate just how effective the LEED system is at producing higher performance buildings.

Discussion on green building materials

With the continuous development of science and technology and constantly improve of the quality of life, most people are increasingly aware of the importance of the environment. According to the serious problem that resource consumption and environmental pollution caused by the traditional building materials, green building materials has been the support of the people. Because of its low consumption, less pollution, beneficial to human health, harmony with the environment and other excellent performance, the green building materials has a rapid development in recent years. This paper is based on the thinking of innovation, starting from the environment, energy saving point of view, analysis the advantages and shortcomings of green building materials, explore the developing trend and future of this new type of material.

GREEN BUILDING MATERIALS:A REVIEW OF STATE OF THE ART STUDIES OF INNOVATIVE MATERIALS

1.INTRODUCTIONis paper presents a comprehensive survey of the latest international publications(2012-2017)regarding innovative and environmentally sustainable materials that reduce the production of pollutants.It is recognised that world construction is responsible for substantial amounts of harmful emissions.In particular,the survey collected data on new sustainable solutions and innovative materials,such as cement,wood,glass and ceramics that are essential to minimize the environmental impact of buildings on the ecosystem and to reduce the consumption of natural resources.erefore,the paper’s intent is to give an overview of the current state of the art and research in theeld of bio-building,gathering information on the environmental impacts of these innovative materials and listing the benets that can be obtained with their use.The findings of this study support the growing importance of grecn building as a componcnt of the whole construction market and provide a benchmark against which to mcasure futurc changes in the industry over time.

Industrial TiO2 based nacreous pigments as functional building materials:Photocatalytic removal of NO

In this paper,the photocatalytic activity of industrial titanium dioxide(TiO2)based nacreous pigments was researched as functional building materials for photocatalytic NO remove.Three industrial TiO2 based nacreous pigments were selected to estimate the photocatalytic activity for NO remove.This study is a good proof that pearlescent pigments can eliminate NO,and its performance is positively correlated with its titanium dioxide content.And this research will widen the application of nacreous pigments in functional building materials,and provide a new way to eliminate in door nitric oxide pollution.

Summary of Research on Use of Sediment in Building Materials

Based on the recent research at home and abroad,this paper summarizes the preparation of cement clinker,baking-free brick,subgrade filler and ceramsite from sediment,and puts forward relevant suggestions and prospects for the future research direction of sediment.

Adoption of, the Palestine Green Building Design Approach, with the Help of Checklist Tools

Nowadays our world is faced with various environmental problems. These environmental problems are caused by the increasing pollution in the world, increasing production and consumption of material goods. These problems have serious consequences for human health and also have a major impact on natural ecosystems. This paper discussed sustainable green building in terms of key principles for sustainable building, strategies and guidelines for sustainable green building, and steps for an integrated approach to green design. The study also looked at the status of green building and sustainability, as well as green building materials in Palestine. The study suggested a checklist to help assess the condition of buildings in Palestine and the extent to which they respond to the principles of sustainable green buildings, thus, contributing to help new and existing buildings to adopt a sustainable green building approach, in order to achieve the goals of sustainable green construction in terms of saving energy and resources and reducing waste, therefore, participating in preserving the environment and improving the quality of life.

Design Analysis and Research of Hydraulic Ecological Glass with Controllable Light Transmittance Function Based on Green Building Concept

This paper analyzes the related concepts of green buildings and hydraulic ecological glass,and explains in detail the market competitiveness of hydraulic ecological glass in green buildings.Finally,it analyzes the concept of hydraulic ecological glass design,and summarizes the universality and importance of hydraulic ecological glass in green buildings and modern housing.Through the analysis and application of green building design concept in housing and environment,it is concluded that hydraulic ecological glass has good market competitiveness,and its promotion will have a better impact on the whole green building.

USING LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT METHODS TO GUIDE ARCHITECTURAL DECISION-MAKING FOR SUSTAINABLE PREFABRICATED MODULAR BUILDINGS

Within this work,life cycle assessment modeling is used to determine top design priorities and quantitatively inform sustainable design decision-making for a prefabricated modular building.A case-study life-cycle assessment was performed for a 5,000 ft2 prefabricated commercial building constructed in San Francisco,California,and scenario analysis was run examining the life cycle environmental impacts of various energy and material design substitutions,and a structural design change.Results show that even for a highly energy-efficient modular building,the top design priority is still minimizing operational energy impacts,since this strongly dominates the building life cycle’s environmental impacts.However,as an energy-efficient building approaches net zero energy,manufacturing-phase impacts are dominant,and a new set of design priorities emerges.Transportation and end-of-life disposal impacts were of low to negligible importance in both cases.

Refractory Raw Materials

Products： tabular alumina, sintered mullite, rare earth corundum, active alumina, 99 alumina ceramic ball, ceramic lining and Zirconia ring series.

The“Fassadenladen”(Facade Shutter)—A New Interpretation of the Window Shutter,with Biogenic Materials

As part of a collaborative project,we took the window shutter—a widely used traditional facade element—and reinterpreted it for“adaptive”solutions using new,sustainable technologies.The aim was to design a modular construction kit that varies radiant energy,light and air flow to weather conditions and occupant requirements in new and existing residential and office buildings.

THE EFFECT OF MICROENCAPSULATED PHASE-CHANGE MATERIAL ON THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF STRUCTURAL CONCRETE

Latent heat energy storage through phase-change materials(PCMs)is one possible strategy to control interior temperatures in buildings,improve thermal comfort,and passively reduce building energy use associated with heating and cooling.While PCMs integrated into building structure elements have been studied since the 1970s,challenges of integrating PCMs into building materials while maintaining their heat storage benefits have limited their application in practice.The recent introduction of microencapsulated phase-change materials provides the energy storage capability of PCMs in micron-scale,chemically-inert capsules that can be easily integrated into composite materials such as gypsum wallboard and concrete.The size and physical properties of microencapsulated PCMs suggest that they will behave similarly to filler materials in concrete.Such filler materials are generally less than 125μm in diameter and can increase concrete strength when added to a mix.This study uses the compressive strength of hardened concrete mixes with varying amounts of PCM to evaluate the effect of PCM addition on concrete structural integrity.

Green building materials lit up by electromagnetic absorption function:A review

Healthy and livable living environments,as well as anti-electromagnetic(EM)radiation buildings,are the long-term goals of human beings.The introduction of advanced EM wave absorbing materials into buildings is one of the most feasible ways to address the increasing EM pollution in building spaces.High-efficiency,broadband,low-cost and good building performance EM wave absorbing materials,as an important support in the field of sustainable building,has gradually become the hotspot research.Here,we review the research progress of building materials with EM wave absorption functions,and comb their classification,including cement,concrete,ceramics,and prefabs,especially highlighting the advanced coating materials.We objectively outline and evaluate the latest technology of building materials with EM wave absorption performance,and discuss the main problems and bottlenecks,highlighting potential research opportunities.

相变储能材料在建筑工程建设中的应用

相变储能材料能与建筑材料复合实现节能效果。合理开发利用相变储能材料是优化居住空间、推动建筑领域绿色发展的有效途径。本文综述了相变储能材料的概念、分类及应用价值,介绍了相变储能材料在建筑中的节能原理,并具体阐释了相变储能材料的应用领域。

尾矿在环保、建材领域资源化利用研究新进展

随着我国矿业行业的绿色转型,尾矿的资源化、减量化和无害化处理已成为亟待解决的科技挑战。当前我国尾矿存储总量已超过200亿t,导致了严重的环境污染和资源浪费。为拓展尾矿在环保、建筑材料领域的高效利用,减轻尾矿处理的环境和经济负担,开辟尾矿的资源化创新路径,推动绿色矿山建设,实现资源的可持续利用与环境保护的平衡,聚焦尾矿在环保和建筑材料领域的资源化利用,研发了尾矿基环境功能材料和高附加值建筑材料制备关键技术,涵盖尾矿脱色剂、重金属吸附材料、陶瓷釉料、发泡陶瓷和高密实混凝土等技术。首先,尾矿与偏高岭土和表面活性剂混合,通过碱溶工艺研发高效食品废水脱色剂,脱色效率超过95%。针对废水中的重金属污染,通过高温焙烧和后处理工艺提升尾矿的吸附性能,可有效去除污水中的铅、镉等重金属。其次,尾矿被用作陶瓷釉料的替代原料,通过优化配方和烧制工艺,开发低成本且环保的陶瓷釉料。通过优化发泡陶瓷的配方和烧制工艺,成功制备出具有优良强度、保温性和防火性的材料,其尾矿掺入量高达65%,节省原料成本40%~50%。通过将尾矿与其他矿物原料结合,开发出耐腐蚀、低孔隙的新型高密实混凝土,强度提升5%~20%,水渗透系数减小10%~35%,适用于海洋工程等恶劣环境。尾矿在环保、建筑材料领域的资源化利用不仅解决了环境问题,还为绿色矿业和可持续发展提供了创新技术路径。研发的尾矿综合利用技术将尾矿资源化应用于多个领域,包括环保(废水脱色、重金属吸附)和建筑材料(陶瓷釉料、发泡陶瓷、高密实混凝土)。通过优化尾矿的配方和工艺,显著提高了尾矿的环保性和性能,特别是在食品废水脱色、污水中重金属吸附和发泡陶瓷强度、保温性等方面表现突出,开辟了尾矿高效利用的新途径,不仅提升了尾矿的附加值,还为环保和建筑材料行业提供了可行的解决方案,推动了绿色矿山建设,促进了矿产资源的可持续利用。通过将尾矿替代传统材料,成功降低了生产成本并提升了环保性,具有较强的市场竞争力,助力绿色矿业的发展,为环境保护和可持续发展贡献了创新的技术路径。

竹纤维增强金尾矿砂加气混凝土性能研究

以竹纤维为增强材料制备B06级金尾矿砂加气混凝土,分析了竹纤维掺量和长度对竹纤维砂加气混凝土(BFAAC)料浆流动性、发气高度、干密度和抗压强度等的影响;采用XRD及SEM分析了BFAAC的物相组成和微观结构。结果表明:随着竹纤维掺量的增加,BFAAC的料浆流动性、发气高度逐渐下降,试样干密度逐渐增大,抗压和抗折强度先提高后降低,竹纤维的最佳掺量为0.3%。竹纤维长度对BFAAC浆料性能和制品基本物理力学性能影响不明显。XRD和SEM分析表明,BFAAC的水化产物主要是托贝莫来石和少量C-S-H;竹纤维不参与基体材料之间的水化反应,而是通过物理作用达到增强效果。

绿色建材生产碳排放测算研究:以南京为例

为解决绿色建材生产碳排放定量化难题,量化其碳减排效益,综合考虑了绿色建材原材料选用及生产工艺流程,基于排放因子法构建了绿色建材生产碳排放测算方法,并对南京地区部分绿色建材产品开展实证研究。结果表明,单位产品绿色建材相较于普通建材的生产碳排放量减少了16.60%~70.59%。此外,通过测算分析绿色建材生产各阶段碳排放贡献,建议推进绿色建材生产的低碳化可重点关注原材料获取和运输阶段。这不仅为绿色建材的碳减排效益提供了定量化依据,还为进一步优化绿色建材生产提供了减碳策略指导。

钒钛铁尾矿制备绿色建筑材料的研究进展

钒钛磁铁矿是以铁、钒、钛为主的多金属元素共生的复合矿,在世界分布不均衡。中国是该矿石的主要产出国之一,该矿石分布在五个主要矿带。钒钛铁尾矿是钒钛磁铁矿选矿过程中产生的固体工业废弃物,是一种多金属伴生的铁尾矿。该尾矿在中国的堆存量巨大,富含很多有用化学组分,也被称为人工矿床。该尾矿以硅酸盐为主,主要化学成分是二氧化硅、三氧化二铝、氧化钙和氧化铁等,主要矿物是脉石矿物。国内外学者对其在绿色建筑材料综合利用方面做了很多有益探索,但总体来看,这些研究更多停留在实验室里。主要原因是(1)不同尾矿库甚至同一尾矿库的钒钛铁尾矿理化性能可能有较大差异,尾矿原料的稳定性不足;(2)受尾矿原料不稳定的理化性能影响,中试结果经常出现较大差异,难以实现规模化利用;(3)钒钛铁尾矿库大多地处偏僻,运输成本高,且缺乏高附加值的尾矿产品,规模以上企业因投入大产出小望而生畏。本文综述了钒钛铁尾矿在中国的地域分布和堆存量,重点研究了其化学组成、矿物组成、粒度分布和重金属浸出,分析了其作为主要原料在绿色建筑材料方面的研究进展,指出了存在问题并展望了发展前景。

建筑电气智能化设计对智能建筑发展的影响研究

文章深入探讨了建筑电气智能化设计对智能建筑发展的多维影响。在当前节能减排、绿色环保的大趋势下,建筑电气智能化设计通过集成先进的信息技术和自动化技术,为绿色建筑、海绵城市和综合管廊等新型城市建设模式提供了有力支持。本研究梳理了建筑电气智能化设计的基本框架,进而详细分析了其在绿色建筑中的应用,包括节能减排、提高环保性和促进可持续发展等方面。同时,电气智能化设计在海绵城市建设中通过优化水资源管理,提升了城市的生态韧性。在综合管廊领域,电气智能化设计则通过智能化监控和管理,显著提高了管廊的运行效率和安全性。

建筑密封胶绿色建材产品认证的评价指标解析

建筑密封胶是幕墙门窗建筑的重要组成部分,也是第一批实施绿材建材认证的51类建材产品之一。建筑密封胶的绿色建材评价标准T/CECS 10029-2019《绿色建材评价建筑密封胶》于2020年3月实施。建筑密封胶的绿色建材产品认证在绿色建筑领域中有重要意义。本文从建筑密封胶绿色建材产品认证的背景、一般要求和评价指标进行了探讨。