New Model for Environmental Impact Assessment of Tunneling Projects

Designers of infrastructure are aware that the government, owners and users become more and more concerned about negative environmental impacts of tunnels, so environmental assessment of tunnels are becoming an issue in the process of tunnel design. In this study, to assess tunnels in construction and operation phases, the matrix method, through which the “Impacting Factors” and “Environmental Components” are determined, is also outlined. The affected environment was divided into thirteen components, such as Ecology, Surface water, Air quality, etc. In this paper, matrix method was applied to evaluate the impact of tunneling in three typical tunnels and compare them with standard diagrams of Environmental Components that were derived and introduced. These tunnels were: Urban Utility tunnel in Tehran, Eurasia tunnel in Istanbul and Tsuen Wan drainage tunnel in Hong Kong. Based on the acquired results, the present paper finally concluded that among three cases, Tsuen Wan drainage tunnel affects the environment in construction phase more than others, while Eurasia tunnel effects on air quality are more significant in operation phase.

An endpoint damage oriented model for life cycle environmental impact assessment of buildings in China

The midpoint impact assessment methodology and several weighting methods that are currently used by most building Life cycle assessment (LCA) researchers in China, still have some shortcomings. In order to make the evaluation results have better temporal and spatial applicability, the endpoint impact assessment methodology was adopted in this paper. Based on the endpoint damage oriented concept, four endpoints of resource exhaustion, energy exhaustion, human health damage and ecosystem damage were selected according to the situation of China and the specialties of the building industry. Subsequently the formula for calculating each endpoint, the background value for normalization and the weighting factors were defined. Following that, an endpoint damage oriented model to evaluate the life cycle environmental impact of buildings in China was established. This model can produce an integrated indicator for environmental impact, and consequently provides references for directing the sustainable building design.

Environmental impact assessment of aircraft elevator made with new lightning protection material

The non-metallic lightning strike protection film covering carbon fiber reinforced polymers(NM-LSP covering CFRP)can reduce the weight and thus the fuel consumption of aircraft by replacing the traditional lightning strike protection(LSP)materials.In the present study,in order to study the environmental influence of utilizing NM-LSP covering CFRP in an aircraft elevator,a new elevator was designed and manufactured,replacing the aluminium net and glass fiber reinforced polymers(GFRP)with NM-LSP covering CFRP,with the same mechanical and LSP abilities.A comparative life cycle assessment was conducted between the two kinds of aircraft elevators,including material extraction,transportation,elevator manufacturing phase,service phase,and end-of-life procedures.Additionally,the environmental impacts of producing two LSP materials were compared by considering the environmental effects of different buy-to-fly ratios and recycling strategies on the production of aluminium net.The analysis indicates that the new elevator achieved reduction for all the environmental impact categories used,such as human toxicity potential and marine aquatic ecotoxicity potential(3.83%and 3.20%reduction).Furthermore,it is found that the service phase makes the greatest contribution to the environmental impact of the elevators under investigation.When recycling is excluded,NM-LSP covering CFRP is more environmentally friendly than the traditional material.At the same time,CFRP prepreg and electricity from the production of NM-LSP covering CFRP contribute to a higher environmental impact compared to the NM-LSP film.From the sensitivity analysis,it is believed that NM-LSP covering CFRP can reduce environmental impact compared with traditional LSP materials.

Evaluation of Environmental Impacts of Traction Motor Production and Disposal

By the application of life cycle assessment(LCA) methodology, this paper estimates the environmental impacts of production and disposal of traction motors used in electric vehicles in China. The results show that the total energy use, the criteria emissions and the greenhouse gases(GHG) emissions of a traction motor production and disposal are about 2,899,MJ, 4.5,kg and 259.5,kg per motor, respectively. Among the regulated emissions, the SOxemission ranks first by total mass, followed by CO, PM10, NOx, PM2.5, and volatile organic compound(VOC). The motor material production stage accounts for most of the energy consumption and emissions, followed by the assembly stage and the end-of-life disposal stage. In this study, the environmental performance analysis is extended to the comparison between the use of secondary material and primary material for the material production stage. It is found that using 100% secondary material results in a 52.9% reduction in energy consumption, a 49.8% reduction in regulated emissions, and a 49.3% reduction in GHG emissions compared with the use of 100% primary material.

煤矸石在建材领域的资源化研究现状及创新利用策略

煤矸石作为我国排放量最大的工业固废,目前累积堆存量超过70亿t。煤矸石的堆存和排放占用大量土地,污染土壤、空气和水体,造成极大的生态环境影响。当前我国煤矸石综合利用具有利用率偏低、产品单一,性能差,且大规模与高附加值难兼容等特点,现有煤矸石无害化与资源化综合利用的规模和能力明显不能满足国家对生态环境保护及“双碳”目标下对碳减排的现实要求。为推动煤矸石综合利用技术发展,本文阐述了煤矸石的成分与理化特性,从煤矸石制水泥、混凝土骨料和墙体材料等方面重点介绍了煤矸石在建材领域的资源化应用现状,其次从重金属浸出、粉尘及气体污染分析了煤矸石对生态环境的影响,最后在此基础上提出了煤矸石协同互补及两级迭代利用的创新策略及一些建议和展望。

赤泥的资源化利用研究进展

赤泥作为铝业行业的一种大宗固废,随着工业发展而产生了大量的堆积,严重威胁生态环境安全,因此赤泥的资源化引起了广泛关注。然而,赤泥的资源化利用需根据铝土矿的产地、品位、生产工艺等来决定,因此给赤泥资源化利用带来了困难。本文阐述了建材生产、金属回收利用、环境修复三个领域中赤泥的资源化研究进展,同时探讨了研究应用上存在的问题与不足,并提出了建议与期望。

大理石废渣资源化利用研究进展

大理石作为重要的建筑装饰材料,在开采和加工过程中产生了大量废渣,简单堆放或填埋不仅造成了资源浪费,还会对周围土壤、水质、植被以及居民身体健康造成不利影响。大理石废渣主要矿物组分为方解石,具有刚性好、硬度高、耐磨性强等特点,经过适当处理后,可广泛应用于建材、化工、环保、陶瓷以及复合材料等领域。当前,大理石废渣资源化利用的规模化、系统化、商业化程度不足,在回收、运输、再利用过程中的成本较高,有些产品仍会产生二次污染,制约了其资源化利用规模。因此,未来大理石废渣的资源化利用应朝着更环保、更高效、更高附加值的方向发展。

基于ISM-MICMAC的施工过程中建筑材料对环境影响的因素及关联路径研究

通过分析施工过程中建筑材料对环境的影响因素,为后续施工过程的绿色优化提供参考。结合前人研究成果及理论基础,文章通过德尔菲法确定12个影响因素,利用解释结构模型(ISM)和交叉影响矩阵相乘法(MICMAC)对施工过程中建筑材料对环境的影响因素进行关系梳理,并构建相应的机理模型,进而提出相应的预防和改进策略。研究结果发现,政府支持不够、政府宣传引导不够和社会认知度低作为独立群因素,对施工过程中环境的影响程度最深。同时社会面貌欠佳、大气污染、废水污染、噪音污染等依赖性因素的率先解决更有助于缓解施工过程中建筑材料对环境的影响程度。最后根据分析结果提出对应的改革策略,从而为使用绿色建筑材料、发展绿色建筑提供一定的借鉴。

煤矸石制备环保建筑材料资源化再利用研究进展

煤矸石是煤炭开采过程中所产生的一种固体废渣,一直备受世界各国的关注和重视。煤矸石主要化学成分为氧化铝和二氧化硅,与天然铝硅系原材料组成非常接近,因此大部分煤矸石被用来制备新型建筑材料,已成为煤矸石资源化利用的主要途径。本文综述了利用煤矸石制备环保建筑材料,总结其制备建筑用砖、再生轻骨料、水泥、混凝土及陶瓷等建筑材料的最新研究进展,同时展望了煤矸石材料的应用前景。

重型木结构建筑的循环潜力研究--以瑞典卡斯塔登住宅楼为例

基于碳中和及零废弃物的可持续发展目标,通过文献综述和理论分析确定建筑循环潜力量化计算方法,提出材料循环数据库与数字建模工具协同的设计流程。以重型木结构建筑瑞典卡斯塔登住宅楼为例,通过BIM-Eco2soft-MS Excel的工作流程获取建筑的材料及构件信息、50年建筑使用期限内资源消耗及环境影响值,并实现建筑循环潜力的定量计算。进而分析了建筑设计决策对于实现负碳排放和废弃物源头减量的重要影响,为重型木结构建筑的材料选择、构件设计和循环潜力优化提供参考。

基于生态环保的城市环境工程污水治理研究

城市污水治理是城市环境工程中的重要组成部分,对于构建生态文明城市、提高水资源利用效率、推动污水治理技术创新等具有重要意义。然而,在城市环境工程中,污水治理存在前期准备工作不充分、治理技术落后、配套设施不健全、缺乏运营管理机制等问题。因此,在生态环保视域下,优化城市污水治理系统的建设运营模式、创新污水治理技术手段、健全城市污水管网配套设施、发挥环境经济的宏观调控作用、加强生产运营监管力度、实施严格及规范化的环评制度等措施是必要的。本文旨在探讨城市污水治理的意义、存在的问题及解决措施,以期提高城市环境工程中污水治理的效率和效益。

废包装物综合利用项目环境影响评价

本文以某废包装物综合利用项目为例,开展环境影响评价,明确污染源并提出环境影响控制措施。结果表明,三废治理措施较为可靠,若采用先进的清洁生产工艺与处理设备,则项目建设与运行对环境的影响较小。

辅助胶凝材料装配式构件环境影响计量研究

为降低混凝土的负面环境影响,辅助胶凝材料混凝土应运而生。然而,在装配式建筑领域,鲜有研究对辅助胶凝材料混凝土应用的可行性和表现,导致装配式混凝土相关企业难以应用辅助胶凝材料混凝土,阻碍了辅助胶凝材料混凝土的推广应用,不利于我国建筑业的绿色转型。为此,结合混凝土材料特性数据和生命周期评价方法,提出CMCD-LCA方法,并将该方法应用于工程案例。结果表明,该方法能够有效地计量辅助胶凝材料混凝土装配式构件从摇篮到拆除的环境影响,可为施工方应用辅助胶凝材料混凝土提供决策辅助。同时,为在装配式建筑中应用辅助胶凝材料混凝土的相关研究提供了理论基础和参考。

物料衡算在化工环境影响评价中的应用与实践

文中阐述了物料衡算的概念、原理及应用特征,分析了其在化工环境影响评价中的重要性,基于某化工环评案例应用情况,总结了物料衡算的应用思路和实践策略,以供参考。

三元锂动力电池回收利用技术的全生命周期评价

当三元锂电池的可用能量衰减至80%时,无法满足电动汽车的性能需求,电动汽车阶段仅占电池全生命周期的全部可用能量的36%,废旧三元锂电池的回收再利用成为人们亟待解决的难题。本文从生命周期评价(Life Cycle Assessment,即LCA)的角度,以目前市场应用最为广泛的三元锂电池为例,对比分析了目前商业上几种不同的回收利用技术对环境的影响,可促进动力电池行业的绿色健康可持续发展。另外,我们对报废锂电池回收利用系统进行了分析,采用从摇篮到坟墓的途径,从原料到生产、回收处置及对环境的影响等方面都做了模拟分析。

第二届“国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物多样性的国际立法”学术研讨会综述

2022年11月11日,时值厦门大学南海研究院十周年院庆和厦门“国际海洋周”期间,第二届“国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物多样性的国际立法”学术研讨会成功举办。与会专家学者围绕“包括海洋保护区在内的划区管理工具”与“环境影响评价、能力建设和海洋技术转让以及跨领域问题”两大议题进行了深入的交流与探讨。本届研讨会旨在搭建学术交流平台,系统分析国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物多样性国际协定谈判的现状及目前所面临的诸多法律挑战,并尝试为我国参加相关谈判提供智力支持和谈判建议。

新型绿色环保建筑材料对建筑工程造价管理影响

随着绿色发展理念深入人心,可持续发展已经成为新时期建筑业发展的主要趋势。在传统业态中,建筑行业向来被贴上高污染、高能耗的标签,建筑污染问题引发社会高度关注。基于此,本文将简要分析新型绿色环保建筑材料的概念,分析绿色环保建筑材料对建筑工程造价管理的影响,并阐述如何高效科学运用新型绿色环保建筑材料,推动建筑行业健康发展。

核技术利用建设项目环境影响评价过程中应关注的问题

随着现代社会发展,核技术利用项目的建设十分必要。针对该类项目开展环境影响评价过程,本文提出了相关需重点关注的问题,供编制环评文件的技术单位和审查环评文件的生态环境部门参考。

湿地资源开发环境影响评价探析

鉴于湿地资源开发EIA的重要性及我国目前所处困境 ,探讨了湿地资源开发EIA的评价重点与指标体系 ,论证了开发项目环境可行性的依据原则及生态环境保护措施的基本内容 .并对推行可持续发展EIA的要点 :如重视对后代人影响评价、加强环境承载力分析。

基于支付意愿法的建筑物化环境影响量化研究

以建筑的物化环境影响分析为出发点,对该过程所消耗的资源、能源及有毒物质所造成的环境影响进行定量研究。论文界定了建筑物化环境影响内涵,根据国际环境毒理和化学学会环境评价体系确定12种环境影响要素,依据BEES(Building for Environment and Economic Sustainability)软件计算出建筑全生命周期的环境影响清单,基于支付意愿理论构建了建筑物化环境影响量化模型,并确定江苏地区各环境影响要素的货币值。最后,计算出江苏省某住宅建筑单位面积上环境影响货币值。