EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON ELASTIC－PLASTIC CONTROLLING DESIGN FOR BOX STEEL STRUCTURES

The principle of increasing structural loading abillity by the using of elastic-plastic con- trolling design, which can make steel reach a highcr yield slrength through controlling undue strains produced in loaded box steel structures and no damager to the static mechanical properties of the used materials, is dealt with under the guarantee of strength, rigidity, and stability. A new idea of elastic--plastic controlling design, which is mainly based on the elastic-plastic theory and experi- mental results and is different from the current design which is mainly based handbooks and design- er' s experience, is established. That is: the loading time and its effect on loaded structures are con- sidered, and the potential strength in used matcrials is fully utilized through the controlling of struc- tural strains in design. By the using of this design method, the weight and cost of box structures will be reduced in large amount.

A Hyper-redundant Elephant’s Trunk Robot with an Open Structure:Design,Kinematics,Control and Prototype

As for the complex operational tasks in the unstructured environment with narrow workspace and numerous obstacles,the traditional robots cannot accomplish these mentioned complex operational tasks and meet the dexterity demands.The hyper-redundant bionic robots can complete complex tasks in the unstructured environments by simulating the motion characteristics of the elephant’s trunk and octopus tentacles.Compared with traditional robots,the hyper-redundant bionic robots can accomplish complex tasks because of their flexible structure.A hyper-redundant elephant’s trunk robot(HRETR)with an open structure is developed in this paper.The content includes mechanical structure design,kinematic analysis,virtual prototype simulation,control system design,and prototype building.This design is inspired by the flexible motion of an elephant’s trunk,which is expansible and is composed of six unit modules,namely,3UPS-PS parallel in series.First,the mechanical design of the HRETR is completed according to the motion characteristics of an elephant’s trunk and based on the principle of mechanical bionic design.After that,the backbone mode method is used to establish the kinematic model of the robot.The simulation software SolidWorks and ADAMS are combined to analyze the kinematic characteristics when the trajectory of the end moving platform of the robot is assigned.With the help of ANSYS,the static stiffness of each component and the whole robot is analyzed.On this basis,the materials of the weak parts of the mechanical structure and the hardware are selected reasonably.Next,the extensible structures of software and hardware control system are constructed according to the modular and hierarchical design criteria.Finally,the prototype is built and its performance is tested.The proposed research provides a method for the design and development for the hyper-redundant bionic robot.

Efficient Methodology for Design of Industrial Blast Resistant Electrical Substations and Control Buildings

This paper describes economical strategies to design blast resistant electrical substations and control buildings that are commonly used at industrial plants.Limited literature addressed design aspects for this class of buildings.Furthermore,little guidelines are available in practice to regulate this type of steel construction.The first part of the paper overviews the architectural and structural layouts of electrical buildings.Blast resistance requirements for occupied control buildings are also discussed.Simplified multiple degrees of freedom(MDOF)dynamic model is also illustrated that can be utilized for analysis of the blast resistant buildings.The economical aspects and cost savings resulting in using mobile blast resistant buildings are discussed.The article also highlights the engineering challenges that are encountered in design of mobile electrical facilities.The transportation procedure and design requirements are briefly described.Guidelines are proposed to calculate the center of mass of the building combined with interior equipment.The proposed design concept for electrical and control buildings is cost effective and can be implemented in industry to reduce projects cost.

Low Carbon Building Design Optimization Based on Intelligent Energy Management System

The construction of relevant standards for building carbon emission assessment in China has just started,and the quantitative analysis method and evaluation system are still imperfect,which hinders the development of low-carbon building design.Therefore,the use of intelligent energy management system is very necessary.The purpose of this paper is to explore the design optimization of low-carbon buildings based on intelligent energy management systems.Based on the proposed quantitative method of building carbon emission,this paper establishes the quota theoretical system of building carbon emission analysis,and develops the quota based carbon emission calculation software.Smart energy management system is a low-carbon energy-saving system based on the reference of large-scale building energy-saving system and combined with energy consumption.It provides a fast and effective calculation tool for the quantitative evaluation of carbon emission of construction projects,so as to realize the carbon emission control and optimization in the early stage of architectural design and construction.On this basis,the evaluation,analysis and calculation method of building structure based on carbon reduction target is proposed,combined with the carbon emission quota management standard proposed in this paper.Taking small high-rise residential buildings as an example,this paper compares and analyzes different building structural systems from the perspectives of structural performance,economy and carbon emission level.It provides a reference for the design and evaluation of low-carbon building structures.The smart energy management system collects user energy use parameters.It uses time period and time sequence to obtain a large amount of data for analysis and integration,which provides users with intuitive energy consumption data.Compared with the traditional architectural design method,the industrialized construction method can save 589.22 megajoules(MJ)per square meter.Based on 29270 megajoules(MJ)per ton of standard coal,the construction area of the case is about 8000 m2,and the energy saving of residential buildings is 161.04 tons of standard coal.This research is of great significance in reducing the carbon emission intensity of buildings.

Optimum structural design of full-scale steel buildings using drift-tribe-charged system search

In this paper,the potential of utilizing improved metaheuristic approaches in optimal design of building structures is concerned.In this regard,the drift-tribe-charged system search algorithm is proposed that the position and velocity updating processes of the charged system search is developed by implementing the mathematical presentation of the free-electron model utilized for metal conductors.In addition,the searching phase of the developed algorithm is also divided into three separate phases in order to improve the convergence capability of the algorithm.By means of these modifications,the exploitation and exploration rates of the standard algorithm are enhanced.In order to determine the ability of the proposed improved metaheuristic method considering some complex optimization problems,a 10-story steel building structure with 1026 structural members alongside a 60-story structure with 8272 members are utilized as numerical examples.The overall capability of the developed metaheuristic approach is compared with other metaheuristics.A total number of 30 independent runs have been conducted for each of the standard and proposed methods while a statistical analysis is also conducted for comparative purposes.The obtained optimum results demonstrated that the proposed metaheuristic approach is capable of preparing better outcomes than other metaheuristics.

基于BIM技术与模拟退火算法的村镇轻钢框架结构智能设计方法

传统村镇住宅结构设计需要进行大量的人工试算与重复建模,而受制于建设成本,村镇住宅无法像城镇住宅一样通过设计师进行专业的结构设计与验算,其安全性与经济性均难以满足要求。为此,提出一种村镇轻钢框架结构智能设计方法,包括智能建模与智能优化两个环节。基于图层自动识别算法、光学字符识别技术、自适应分块算法提出村镇轻钢框架结构BIM智能建模方法,包括图层识别、轴文本数据提取、墙体轮廓提取等,智能建模结果基本满足实际工程要求。基于提出的两阶段模拟退火算法给出村镇轻钢框架结构的智能优化方法,优化速度较快,优化效果良好。通过实际工程案例对提出的智能设计方法进行验证,结果表明,提出的村镇轻钢框架结构智能设计方法具有可行性,与传统的人工设计方法相比,设计周期可缩短70%以上,材料用量、结构设计指标接近人工设计结果。

轻钢装配式建筑性能优化设计综述

轻钢装配式结构施工周期短、抗震节能、可回收利用率高,但也存在热惰性差、重复热桥多、隔振性能差等缺陷。以CNKI数据库筛选出的有关轻钢装配式建筑的383篇文献和Web of Science核心合集的731篇文献为数据来源,利用CiteSpace对发文情况、研究热点及发展趋势进行可视化分析,为以后的相关研究提供参考。综述包括轻钢龙骨、轻钢轻质混凝土、轻钢框架等在内的典型装配式轻钢结构性能优化设计的研究现状。首先,从整体抗震性能、自攻螺钉连接、龙骨截面及腹板开孔、保温材料及构造角度分析了组合墙体力学性能优化设计的特点、效果和改进思路。之后,从增设保温材料、热桥阻断设计、相变储能应用和接缝密封处理4个方面提出优化墙体热工性能的方法和效果。最后,阐述了围护结构隔绝空气声、结构振动噪声及振动舒适度的优化设计方法,总结了多目标并行优化的研究现状和未来发展方向。

武汉光谷电竞馆建筑结构一体化设计与分析

武汉光谷电竞馆采用框架-剪力墙结构体系,为了实现荷载传递,结构中局部使用了钢斜撑、吊挂、托柱转换等结构形式。由于比赛大厅及建筑造型的影响,6层和屋面均采用大跨度钢桁架结构。建筑折面外表皮钢网格结构与主体结构采用一体化设计,从而达到结构与建筑形态的统一协调。本工程属于特别不规则的高层结构,运用多个计算软件对结构进行了静力弹性分析、弹性时程分析、中大震下的等效弹性分析和大震弹塑性分析。各项计算结果对比分析表明,结构满足预定的C级性能目标。最后,给出了本工程结构所采用的施工阶段分析步骤,并介绍了6层大跨度钢桁架典型支座节点设计、外表皮钢网格结构与内部混凝土结构的连接节点设计。

苏州某大型复杂商业连体结构设计

苏州某大型商业综合体项目位于7度抗震设防烈度区,为体型重叠建筑。通过5道防震缝将建筑整体划分为购物中心A区、购物中心B区、停车楼、商业街A区、商业街B区五个独立结构单元。购物中心A区为复杂连体高层建筑,1~5层采用框架-剪力墙结构,两个单体在3~5层中区由钢桁架相连,顶部(6层)钢桁架结构与两个单体通过成品球铰支座连接,形成强连体结构。充分考虑了周期比、位移比双指标平衡后对购物中心A区剪力墙布置进行了优化;屋顶钢桁架结构支座采用变刚度设计,局部设置滑动支座解决恒载下杆件应力比较高的问题。通过性能化设计,该复杂结构连体部位可以满足中震弹性、大震不屈服的性能目标要求。性能化设计及专项分析表明,影院钢结构具有良好的抗震性能、楼盖舒适度及防倒塌性能。

寒冷地区模块化钢框架结构多目标优化设计方法

针对寒冷地区模块化钢框架结构节能性与经济性之间的矛盾问题,对模块化钢框架结构能耗和成本两个设计目标进行同步优化研究。根据模块化钢框架结构的特点进行参数化设计研究,提出在不同建筑尺寸下模块化钢框架结构的BIM模型自动建模方法;在Energyplus建筑能耗分析软件计算数据的基础上,采用多种机器学习算法进行建筑能耗预测,建立一种高效精确的建筑能耗预测模型;联立建筑能耗预测模型和建筑成本计算公式,在满足结构承载力的约束条件下,基于NSGA-Ⅱ算法进行模块化钢框架结构能耗和成本的多目标优化设计,生成帕累托最优解集。多目标优化设计方法解决了模块化钢框架结构“能耗+成本”的多目标一体化设计难题,推动了模块化钢框架结构的智能化升级,实现了模块化钢框架结构设计的快速高效化。

高层装配式钢结构住宅施工设计及关键技术研究

以济南先行区绿色建设国际产业园租赁住房项目为工程背景,研究了高层装配式钢结构住宅设计及施工关键技术。通过研究基于BIM技术构件深化设计、施工顺序优化、防火体系优化、外墙防水体系优化等关键技术,确定了最优施工技术,在不增加成本及工期的基础上,提高了建筑整体及局部防火、防水性能。通过研究地脚预埋、钢梁、钢柱及附属结构的施工关键技术,确定了各施工步骤最优技术,确保了施工安全及质量。基于研究成果,形成了一套综合性的高层装配式钢结构住宅技术体系,结果表明:研究成果的应用提高了工程质量及经济效益,缩短了施工工期。

装配式钢结构建筑电气设计浅析

文章以苏州市太仓某厂区装配式钢结构宿舍为例,主要通过结合设计过程中遇到的问题,阐述电气设备管线在项目中敷设安装方式的选取,以满足装配式钢结构建筑、结构预制构件生产安装的合理合规、快速高效性。

钢结构模块化建筑深化设计中BIM信息的传递与应用

钢结构模块化建筑深化设计中存在大量的零件、构件、分总成和总成,在BIM设计中,如何传递这些信息,成为制约装配式深化设计效率的关键因素。本文基于BIM Revit平台应用程序,通过进行二次开发,实现达成信息传递和信息优化,提出了信息思路和方法,优化了设计流程,提高了30%~40%的设计工作效率。

BIM技术在超高层型钢结构施工阶段的应用

本论文关注型钢结构施工阶段的BIM技术应用,探索其在超高层建筑施工中的优势。以厦门银行总行地块工程实例为基础,描述了BIM技术在超高层型钢结构施工阶段的应用,包括三维模型建立、碰撞检查、节点优化、工厂加工、可视化技术交底、安装等流程,为项目施工提供技术支持。通过BIM技术,提高了施工质量、效率、资源利用,促进了施工现场管理和绿色施工,累积成功经验为类似工程提供了借鉴和参考。

装配式钢结构建筑电气设计分析

为解决装配式钢结构建筑电气设计中的相关问题,笔者针对装配式钢结构建筑的墙体,提出了电气预埋管线的设计方法,以确保电线的安全敷设和方便维护。笔者通过提出的解决措施,期望为相关人员和工程提供参考。

BIM技术在装配式钢结构节点设计中的应用探究

当前,建筑信息模型技术(Building Information Modeling,BIM)广泛应用于钢结构建筑设计中,有效促进了建筑行业工业化及信息化。但在装配式钢结构节点设计应用中,BIM钢结构设计软件不能快捷有效地对钢结构节点进行参数设定以及全方位建模设计,同时设计精度不足、应用效果不理想等阻碍了BIM技术的应用。为此,本文以大庆西站钢结构深化设计项目为案例,设计适用于装配式钢结构节点的设计流程,并对梁柱节点、柱脚节点及柱柱节点进行了节点的计算和全方位设计,大大提升了基于BIM技术的装配式钢结构节点设计的效率。

圆竹-钢组合拱桥变形控制关键技术

为探究圆竹-钢组合拱桥拱圈等部位的变形控制技术,以武夷山玲珑大桥为研究对象,通过Midas Civil软件建立模型,分析其在设计阶段,不同荷载组合下,不同的桥面系、拱圈截面、横向连接和拱脚连接方式下的拱圈竖向与横向位移。结果表明:采用组合桥面系、横向连接以及提高拱圈与拱脚的刚度能在一定程度上减少拱圈等部位的变形。为更有效地控制变形,还需要结合实际施工过程中的变形控制技术和软件对各个施工阶段的模拟。综合应用设计阶段的分析和施工阶段中的变形控制技术,可以有效预防和控制圆竹-钢组合拱桥的变形问题,确保结构的安全性和稳定性。研究结果可为其他类似圆竹结构工程的建设提供参考。

钢结构建筑防腐保护工程的质量控制途径

结合实际施工案例,分析了钢结构建筑防腐保护工程中常见的施工难点,总结了现阶段在工程中具有应用价值的防腐施工技术办法,并提出了提高钢结构建筑防腐保护工程质量的工作策略。

结构不规则变形建筑的整体钢平台动态爬升控制

为解决超高层建筑不规则变形结构施工技术难题,并确保整体钢平台模架装备动态爬升的安全性,采用基于电液比例同步控制的液压系统和PLC控制系统,实现了高精度的同步控制。通过设置水平度传感器系统,实时监测整体钢平台竖向变形情况,并应用远程智能监控系统,实时监测钢平台爬升过程中的数据,确保了钢平台的安全爬升。通过以上方法实现了超高层建筑不规则变形结构的整体钢平台施工安全状态监控,提高了现场施工作业信息化水平,并确保了施工过程的安全性。

高层建筑中高耸结构风振控制等效设计

在常规的风振控制等效设计中,我国现有技术标准对高层建筑中高耸结构的风振响应计算时仍然存在较大偏差,由于选择刚性结构搭建建筑框架,使得其结构会受到较高风载荷,从而导致风振受力过高等问题。为了准确计算高耸结构的风振响应,将结构脉动响应分为背景部分和共振部分的基础上,选择振动控制作为设计基础以确定其结构应力,通过阵风因子法和荷载组合法分析高耸结构的顺风向风振响应,在风振控制的荷载中实现了对风速的变化模拟。最后,再对高耸结构开展实例分析并对计算结果进行了比较,结果表明,文中研究的设计方法的特点和适用范围比传统控制方法的风振力等比减小15%~18%,具有较为突出的风振控制优势。