Spatial Matching Degree Between Education, Healthcare, Elderly Care Facilities and the Built Environment in Megacities Based on POI Data: A Case Study of Chengdu Central Urban Area

During rapid urbanization, megacities see disparities in the spatial distribution of basic public service facilities and the urban built environment. Current research on basic public service facilities focuses on equal spatial distribution, leading to the overlook of their match with the surrounding built environment. Based on a case study on education, healthcare, and elderly care facilities in Chengdu central urban area, this paper analyzes the spatial distribution of these facilities and the built environment, and examines their spatial matching degree using a bivariate spatial autocorrelation model. The findings reveal the following insights: firstly, education and healthcare facilities present a “one core and multi-center” spatial distribution pattern, with the city center serving as the core and suburban subdistricts acting as the multiple centers, while elderly care facilities present a core-edge distribution pattern in contrast;secondly, the built environment presents a core-edge radial distribution pattern, with the city center acting as the nucleus that connects suburban subdistricts;thirdly, the spatial matching degree between the facilities and the urban built environment from the city center outwards is characterized by high, low, medium, and high levels. Notably, a significant spatial mismatch is observed in urban-rural transitional zones. In light of these findings, the paper comes to a conclusion that during urbanization, the efforts to equalize basic public service facilities in the urban-rural transitional zones may lead to spatial mismatches, to which urban planners and managers should pay close attention.

Investigating the impacts of urban built environments on users of multiple services in elderly care facilities

t This paper aims to characterize the varied urban settings community-based elderly care facilities are located,and examine whether characteristics of urban built environments influence the number of older people attending care facilities for multiple services.The dataset incorporates 108 cases of community-based elderly care facilities and usage records from over 17000 users collected in the Chinese city of Nanjing.A network-based approach was employed to comprehensively describe urban built environments surrounding care facilities with a series of metrics on street morphology and land-uses.It was found that urban built environments significantly influenced the number of users attending care facilities.Facilities having more users tended to locate in places with more shops and stores,on major arterial streets of the city,or inside large housing estates in the outer city.Moreover,urban factors performed differently in affecting users of different services as services accepting spontaneous users were more likely to be influenced by street morphology.This study revealed specific urban factors facilitating older people’s usage of care resources.It also generated practical implications regarding the strategies for the planning of spatial locations and service provision to improve the utilization of community-based elderly care.

Influence of High-Density Urban Built Environments on Stroke in China: A Case Study of Wuhan

This paper explores the association between high-density urban built environments and stroke through the spatial regression model. An empirical study based on the disease data of Wuhan in 2015 shows that high-density urban built environments have a significant impact on stroke, and that the city center sees a high prevalence of stroke. Among urban built environment elements, net population density, residential land density, and building density are positively correlated with the risk of stroke, whereas the accessibility of community hospitals, parks, fast-food shops, and bus stops is negatively correlated with it. The mechanism analysis demonstrates that urban built environments have an important impact on stroke through such factors as the natural environment, physical activity, dietary habits, and social capital. Accordingly, the paper proposes that during the healthy city planning process in China, it is essential to reduce net population density and building density and relocate the older adults in city centers. In addition, measures should be taken to improve public service facilities at the block level and to control the risk of stroke in the high-density urban built environment.

城市建成环境因子对热环境的影响机制研究——以天津市中心城区为例

掌握城市热环境空间异质性分布情况及其影响因素是研究热环境的关键问题,调整相关城市建成环境的参数范围或结构特征是缓解城市热环境的有效措施.本文以天津市中心城区为研究范围,分析天津市地表热环境的空间异质性分布特征,并通过数理分析探究8个城市建成环境因子对热环境的影响机制.研究结果表明:①天津市热环境整体呈斑块式分布且热核数量较多,空间分布具有较强的自相关性;②街区建成环境因子中,开放空间率、归一化植被指数、绿地率对地表热环境具有负向影响,绝对粗糙度对地表热环境具有正向影响,而建筑体形系数对地表热环境呈现出双向调节的影响作用;③不同回归模型组合方式下各建成环境因子对地表温度的综合影响程度差异显著,影响范围则随着空间尺度的增大更为广泛.根据分析结果,针对性地提出建设层面的热环境优化方法和管理层面的热环境评估建议,为同类型的城市热环境研究提供参考.

城镇建成环境对老年人体育运动积极性的影响

为探索城镇建成环境对老年人体育运动积极性的影响,该文以城镇调查数据库为调查对象,对研究区内老年人参与体育运动的基本情况和对应建成环境进行调查分析。利用相关性分析方法,分析影响老年人运动积极性的环境要素;运用多元线性回归模型,以相关性作为衡量标准,分析建成环境要素对老年人参与体育运动积极性的影响。结果表明,建成环境中的道路交叉口数量等均可促进老年人参与体育运动的积极性;而实际步行距离等建成环境要素对老年人参与体育运动的积极性没有显著影响。

基于脑电记录分析系统的收缩城市建成环境对环境感知的影响机制——以伊春为例

关注收缩城市的环境感知是我国社会主要矛盾转化背景下城市研究的重要方向之一。本研究借助脑电记录分析客观测度环境舒适感,利用多尺度地理加权工具变量回归模型实证探讨了收缩城市的建成环境变化与环境感知的动态影响机制。研究表明:伊春的环境舒适感有所下降但不显著;顶区作为关键脑区参与了环境感知的因果调制;功能混合度、道路等级以及区位对环境舒适感具有最为显著的空间异质影响。本研究以期丰富人因技术视角下的收缩城市建成环境与环境感知的实证研究,建议针对不同收缩阶段的区位提出对应策略,进而有效地提高环境感知。

社区居民在城市缝隙空间行为研究——以广州市越秀区黄花岗街道为例

在广州市城市生长的背景下,城市人口不断增加,城市公共空间的人口密度飞速上升,居民开始自发寻找适宜的城市缝隙空间作为其户外公共活动场所。城市缝隙空间对改善城市居住环境与居民健康起着重要作用,是城市户外公共空间一部分。文章以环境行为学为理论基础,通过对广州市越秀区黄花岗街道城市缝隙空间的实地观察调研,从环境行为学的视角总结出城市缝隙空间对居民活动的影响,从而为改善城市缝隙空间提供对策和方向。

面向积极生活的建成环境量表比较研究

当前,慢性非传染性疾病严重影响社会整体公共健康水平,并已造成巨大的社会经济负担。大量研究表明,以促进体力活动的方式来提倡积极生活能够预防和治疗部分慢性疾病,而评测影响体力活动的潜在建成环境要素是通过环境规划设计实践促进积极生活的认知前提。本文聚焦与体力活动密切相关的建成环境量表,阐述了国际上度量体力活动的相关环境量表的编制背景、整体特征及研究现状,分析了26种环境量表的选项设置、主要度量要素、计算方式、适用范围,以及实际研究应用等,并分别对社区、开放空间、其他环境三种类型量表的具体指标内容进行说明。研究发现,虽然量表种类多样,但其编制和应用遵循特定模式,其中,设施、可达性、视觉质量、安全性是量表中常见的指标类型。通过梳理相关量表编制、分析、校验的国际经验,本文试图为中国同类环境量表的编制提供借鉴,进而为评估社区营造及健康城市建设提供参考。

城市新建湖泊浮游动物群落结构特征及其驱动因素——以南通紫琅湖为例

城市新建湖泊具有生态系统不稳定、受人类活动干扰强度大、水体流动性差等特点。浮游动物作为水域生态系统的重要组成部分,对湖泊生态系统的健康和稳定有重要作用,因此探究其群落结构形成机制对城市新建湖泊生态系统的合理构建和水质保护具有重要意义。本研究以城市新建湖泊——江苏南通紫琅湖为例,于2019年1月至2020年10月对浮游动物群落特征及其驱动因子进行了研究。共鉴定浮游动物61种(轮虫39种,枝角类11种,桡足类11种),优势种12种(轮虫11种,桡足类1种);三大类群的丰度和生物量差异显著,均为轮虫>桡足类>枝角类,其中轮虫的丰度为(1 468.9±367.0)ind./L,占比达97.2%,生物量为(1 762.6±442.0)μg/L,占比达88.2%,为浮游动物群落丰度和生物量最大的贡献类群,表明紫琅湖浮游动物群落整体呈现小型化特征。冬春季的优势种更替率最大(R=60.0%),春夏季的优势种更替率最低(R=18.2%)。紫琅湖浮游动物多样性季节变化明显,且多样性阈值评估显示紫琅湖浮游动物多样性较低,整体处于“一般”水平。生物多样性指数对水质状况的评估结果显示,紫琅湖春季、夏季和秋季的水质状况处于α-中污型,冬季处于多污型。Spearman相关性分析和冗余分析表明浊度、叶绿素a、总磷是紫琅湖浮游动物群落特征形成的主要驱动因素。