Analysis of the factors affecting thermal evolution of hot rolled steel during coil cooling

The thermal evolution of steel coil during cooling was simulated and investigated by the use of in-house Q-CSP software. The dependence of the thermal evolution of steel coil on cooling methods, temperature distribution of the strip before coiling, coil size and steel grades was also discussed. The study plays a significant role in helping steel makers to better understand and control the cooling process.

The effect of cooling rate and coiling temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a plain carbon steel

The effects of cooling rate and coiling temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of a plain carbon steel were investigated by combining metallography and tensile experiments. The results indicate that ferrite grain size is refined and bainite transformation occurs to ensure high strength and elongation, as the cooling rate is quick enough. Yield strength and tensite strength improve with the decreased finish cooling temperature, but the elongation decreases too significantly to meet the requirements. Thus, the cooling rate must be quick enough, and the appropriate coiling temperature should be carefully selected to obtain refined ferrite and a small amount of bainite to improve the strength while the plasticity is also ensured. Under this condition, the Mn element concentration can be reduced to save cost or produce higher strength steel with same chemical composition.

Application of Microstructure Engineering in Steel Coil Cooling Process

The coil cooling and its role in a hot strip mill were reviewed. A mathematical model was developed to describe and analyze the thermal history and its impact on precipitation phenomena during coil cooling for plain carbon, HSLA-V and HSLA-Nb steels. The predicted result of the thermal model was compared with that measured from industrial coil. The effect of cooling condition and coil dimension on the thermal history and final mechanical properties of the steel strip was examined. The coiling temperature and cooling rate have crucial influence on the precipitation strengthening.

An Experimental Study on Constraint Cooling Process of Hot-rolled CoilS

In order to master mechanical property, surface quality and microstructure of constraint cooling (CC) coils undervarious water cooling parameters, more than 100 coils cooling experiments were done with real production process,of which is designed a cooling experimental instrument in the end. The experiments show that high initial coolingtemperature, discontinuous cooling style, and long cooling time can improve mechanical property of cooling coilsand shorten cooling time. The CC coils experiments cover the different steel grades, so that CC process effects onhot-rolled coils may be predicted and controlled actively.

Optimisation of Direct Expansion (DX) Cooling Coils Aiming to Building Energy Efficiency

Efficient Air Conditioning (A/C) system is the key to reducing energy consumption in building operation. In order to decrease the energy consumption in an A/C system, a method to calculate the optimal tube row number of a direct expansion (DX) cooling coil for minimizing the entropy generation in the DX cooling which functioned as evaporator in the A/C system was developed. The optimal tube row numbers were determined based on the entropy generation minimization (EGM) approach. Parametric studies were conducted to demonstrate the application of the analytical calculation method. Optimal tube row number for different air mass flow rates, inlet air temperatures and sensible cooling loads were investigated. It was found that the optimal tube row number of a DX cooling coil was in the range of 5 - 9 under normal operating conditions. The optimal tube row number was less when the mass flow rate and inlet air temperature were increased. The tube row number increased when the sensible cooling load was increased. The exergy loss when using a non-optimal and optimal tube row numbers was compared to show the advantage of using the optimal tube row number. The decrease of exery loss ranged from around 24% to 70%. Therefore the new analytical method developed in this paper offers a good practice guide for the design of DX cooling coils for energy conservation.

Element Tracking Strategies for Hot Strip Laminar Cooling Control

Feedforward control is the core to control function in the cooling process of hot strip. One of the most important tasks in feedforward control is to determine the arrival time of the strip at various locations on the runout table for effective control. Based on the principles of element tracking and tracking strategies for variable rolling speed and constant rolling speed, a simple diagonal tracking method for an existing hot strip mill was proposed and tested. The test results show that the proposed strategies are effective for improving tracking control.

Effect of Cooling History on Yield Ratio of Fine-grain Ferrite/Pearlite Steel

Effect of different cooling history on yield ratio of HP295 steel for welded gas cylinder was studied and the result implied that both fine microstructure and good mechanical properties can be attained by using two-stage cooling and controlling the coiling temperature. The yield ratio of HP295 steel sheet was reduced to less than 0.8 by twostage cooling process. The pass percent of yield ratio was enhanced from less than 90% to 100%. The mechanical properties satisfied the criteria of GB6653-1994.

Thermal-environment characteristics and comfort of combined radiant-floor (Korean heating system ondol) and convective cooling system

The thermal-environment characteristics of the existing forced-convection cooling system were compared with those of the convective cooling system, which combined the radiant-floor cooling system using floor-heating panel typically applied to apartments in South Korea with the forced-convection cooling system using improved fan coil unit. The subjective warm/cool-feeling responses to the combined radiant-floor and convective cooling system in the questionnaire survey conducted among the test subjects were analyzed to establish the basic data for the combined cooling system. The results show that in the thermal-equilibrium condition, the vertical air temperature difference in the model living room is larger in the forced-convection-cooling condition. Most of the subjects feel a proper warm/cool feeling on their entire body, but they feel colder on the foot and lower body in the combined-cooling condition.

Mathematic modeling on flexible cooling system in hot strip mill

A novel cooling system combining ultra fast cooling rigs with laminar cooling devices was investigated.Based on the different cooling mechanisms,a serial of mathematic models were established to describe the relationship between water flow and spraying pressure and the relationship between water spraying heat flux and layout of nozzles installed on the top and bottom cooling headers.Model parameters were validated by measured data.Heat transfer models including air convection model,heat radiation model and water cooling capacity model were detailedly introduced.In addition,effects on cooling capacity by water temperature and different valve patterns were also presented.Finally,the comparison results from UFC used or not have been provided with respect to temperature evolution and mechanical properties of Q235B steel grade with thickness of 7.8 mm.Since online application of the sophisticated CTC process control system based on these models,run-out table cooling control system has been running stably and reliably to produce resource-saving,low-cost steels with smaller grain size.

Mathematical model for cooling process and its self-learning applied in hot rolling mill

Control precision of coiling temperature is one of the key factors affecting the profile shape and surface quality during the cooling process of hot rolled steel strip.For this reason,the core of temperature control precision is to establish an effective cooling mathematical model with self-learning function.Starting from this point,a cooling mathematical model with nonlinear structural characteristics is established in this paper for the cooling process of hot rolled steel strip.By the analysis of self-learning ability,key parameters of the mathematical model could be constantly corrected so as to improve temperature control precision and adaptive capability of the model.The site actual application results proved the stable performance and high control precision of the proposed mathematical model,which would lay a solid foundation to improve the steel product qualities.

冷轧板边部表面色差缺陷原因分析及改进措施

针对生产st13镀锌用冷轧板边部表面色差缺陷问题,对热轧板和酸洗板表面粗糙度进行了检测分析,结果表明,热轧板边部与中间部位的表面粗糙度差异大是边部表面产生色差的主要原因。结合热轧板横断面的铁皮厚度,分析了钢板表面粗糙度差异大的原因。根据实际生产情况,调整冷轧末机架轧机负荷和优化板形,改善钢板表面的色差缺陷,通过合理匹配热轧卷取温度和层流冷却模式,解决了st13钢板表面的边部色差问题。

医用3.0 T磁共振成像仪梯度系统故障三例

梯度系统是磁共振成像仪的重要组成部分,主要用于产生X轴,Y轴及Z轴三个方向的梯度信号,从而对磁共振信号进行空间编码,确定信号的空间位置。梯度系统功率高、散热量大,需要对梯度线圈及梯度放大器进行冷却。梯度系统及其冷却系统故障将导致图像质量下降甚至设备停机。本文总结了三例梯度系统故障,包括梯度线圈水冷系统故障、梯度放大器线路故障及梯度放大器散热风扇故障,包括三例故障的表现、探究了故障原因并给出故障排除方法,供同行参考,以期共同提升维修水平,提高设备使用率。

X65MO小直径厚壁HFW海底输送管研制

针对大厚径比HFW海洋管制管过程中纵向屈强比上升的问题,研究了化学成分、冷却工艺对X65MO管线钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明,增加C元素含量或去除V元素有利于降低材料预拉伸后的纵向屈强比;试验材料在高温下卷取,其显微组织为铁素体+珠光体,轧态纵向拉伸曲线具有较长的屈服平台,预拉伸后具有最低的屈强比和最高的均匀延伸率;随着卷取温度降低,晶粒更加细小,贝氏体组织增加,预拉伸后的纵向屈强比上升幅度较大,而在相同卷取温度下,降低冷却速度有利于降低预拉伸后的纵向屈强比。根据研究结果制定了卷板工艺,试制了X65MO钢级Φ323.9 mm×14.3 mm HFW海管,管材横纵向屈强比等拉伸性能均满足规范要求。

热轧带钢厚规格层流冷却控制策略优化

某钢厂热轧在生产11 mm以上厚规格带钢时由于层流冷却控制缺乏精确的数学模型,且控制存在较大滞后性,11 mm以上厚规格带钢长度短,模型控制易产生预设定不准、动态调整滞后甚至是反向调整导致卷取温度震荡大或卷取废钢等问题。本文结合生产过程中层流冷却控制的实际情况进行大量统计分析,开发了一种新的基于钢种、厚度、宽度、终轧温度、穿带速度、第一加速度、最高穿带速度、层流目标温度等的分类查表模型,具有预设定计算、前馈控制、反馈控制、自学习等功能。经现场检验,本文提出的解决方案能有效提高11 mm以上厚规格带钢的卷取温度控制精度和稳定性,卷取温度±20℃命中率达到93.27%。

重油制氢气化炉烧嘴泄漏问题探析

气化炉烧嘴是影响重油制氢装置长周期稳定运行的关键,针对目前重油制氢装置烧嘴易泄漏、寿命短的问题,文章从操作负荷、原料性质、烧嘴与盘管材质、烧嘴冷却水等四个方面详细分析了可能导致烧损的原因,并在此基础上提出了预防改进措施。

高线盘螺控轧控冷工艺技术的研究与探讨

基于控轧控冷的轧制理念,探索新型的高线盘螺生产工艺,以满足绿色环保、经济节约的企业发展需求。为了充分发挥控轧控冷技术优势,山西建龙对高速线材产线进行新工艺布局优化改造,采用新工艺生产的高线盘螺产品各项指标均符合国家标准,实现了工业化大生产,给企业带来了显著的经济和社会效益。

不同卷取温度对Q550D组织性能的影响

通过对不同卷取温度工艺参数下生产的6.0 mm规格Q550D热卷进行热轧组织性能对比,分析了卷取温度对Q550D热轧组织性能的影响。结果表明,在相同的化学成分、加热制度、层流冷却模式下,采用较高的卷取温度620℃时,可获得铁素体+珠光体的组织,平均粒径4.98μm,晶粒度12级,钢的抗拉强度为683 MPa,冲击功为62.7 J,均为最低值,但延伸率为24%,塑性最高;随着卷取温度的降低,组织中开始产生细小弥散的贝氏体,使得钢具有更好的抗拉强度、低温冲击韧性,但塑性有所下降;当卷取温度降到300℃时,组织为铁素体、贝氏体和少量的M/A岛,平均粒径约5.58μm,晶粒度12级,钢的抗拉强度为731 MPa,冲击功为106.4 J,塑性明显降低,断后延伸率低于国标下限。实际生产Q550D的过程中,应在保持钢板较高晶粒度的前提下,控制珠光体或贝氏体组织的析出,以满足Q550D综合性能的要求,过低的卷取温度不利于钢板综合性能的控制。

基于流热耦合的表冷型转子线圈温度场仿真计算

文章以某空表冷发电机为研究对象,采用经典公式算法和计算流体动力学方法,对转子表面风摩损耗及转子线圈温升进行计算,并对不同方法得到的计算值与试验值进行对比分析。结果表明,低转速工况下两种方法得到的风摩损耗数值基本一致;采用计算流体动力学方法得到的转子线圈温度更接近试验值。该计算方法可支撑发电机通风冷却系统的设计及优化。

Intelligent Control on Hot Strip Coiling Temperature

A new intelligent control scheme for hot strip coiling temperature is presented. In this scheme, the prediction mode1 of finishing temperature and the presetting model of main cooling zone are establish based on BP neural network, the feed-forward open-loop control model of main cooling zone is constructed based on T-S fuzzy neural network, a new improved structure of T-S fuzzy neural network is developed, and the feedback close-loop control model of precision cooling zone is obtained based on fuzzy control. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme has been demonstrated by computer simulation with a satisfactory result.

行波磁场中高温超导电动悬浮磁体的热性能研究

地面线圈的交变磁场会在超导电动悬浮磁体中感应出涡流,产生涡流损耗,导致磁体温度上升。该文研究地面推进线圈产生的行波磁场对车载高温超导磁体热性能的影响,首先介绍高温超导磁体和推进线圈结构,分析行波磁场空间分布特征;搭建高温超导磁体热性能测试平台,测量行波磁场激扰下超导磁体内关键组件的温度分布,揭示各组件温度耦合关系;最后探究行波磁场频率和峰值对磁体温升的影响规律。结果表明,行波磁场激扰下,超导线圈的温升可忽略不计,但辐射屏温升显著,进一步使超导电流引线温度升高,增大电流引线失超风险,为此提出2种方法来限制电流引线温升。该研究成果可为高温超导悬浮磁体低温结构和电流引线的设计提供参考。