面向RISC-V适配开发的x86 built-in函数转换方法

新兴架构RISC-V的生态建设需要将其他架构函数或软件包向RISC-V架构迁移适配。在研究GCC特定架构适配的built-in函数向RISC-V架构迁移时,提出一套x86到RISC-V的built-in函数转换方法,对于非扩展指令集(属非向量类型)built-in函数,采用RISC-V架构下相同功能的built-in或标准库函数替代;对于SSE扩展指令集built-in函数,建立数据类型映射和向量函数操作映射实现向RISC-V架构向量扩展函数或标准库函数的迁移,其中RVV函数迁移方式占比67%。实验结果表明:方法迁移的程序功能正确,方法有效。本文方法对其他扩展指令集built-in函数的迁移提供了指导,且与现有工作相比,更易扩展、覆盖面更广。

Constructing Built-In Electric Fields with Semiconductor Junctions and Schottky Junctions Based on Mo-MXene/Mo-Metal Sulfides for Electromagnetic Response

The exploration of novel multivariate heterostructures has emerged as a pivotal strategy for developing high-performance electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption materials.However,the loss mechanism in traditional heterostructures is relatively simple,guided by empirical observations,and is not monotonous.In this work,we presented a novel semiconductor-semiconductor-metal heterostructure sys-tem,Mo-MXene/Mo-metal sulfides(metal=Sn,Fe,Mn,Co,Ni,Zn,and Cu),including semiconductor junctions and Mott-Schottky junctions.By skillfully combining these distinct functional components(Mo-MXene,MoS_(2),metal sulfides),we can engineer a multiple heterogeneous interface with superior absorption capabilities,broad effective absorption bandwidths,and ultrathin matching thickness.The successful establishment of semiconductor-semiconductor-metal heterostructures gives rise to a built-in electric field that intensifies electron transfer,as confirmed by density functional theory,which collaborates with multiple dielectric polarization mechanisms to substantially amplify EMW absorption.We detailed a successful synthesis of a series of Mo-MXene/Mo-metal sulfides featuring both semiconductor-semiconductor and semiconductor-metal interfaces.The achievements were most pronounced in Mo-MXene/Mo-Sn sulfide,which achieved remarkable reflection loss values of-70.6 dB at a matching thickness of only 1.885 mm.Radar cross-section calculations indicate that these MXene/Mo-metal sulfides have tremendous potential in practical military stealth technology.This work marks a departure from conventional component design limitations and presents a novel pathway for the creation of advanced MXene-based composites with potent EMW absorption capabilities.

Construction and validation of somatic mutation-derived long noncoding RNAs signatures of genomic instability to predict prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs(LncRNAs)have been found to be a potential prognostic factor for cancers,including hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Some LncRNAs have been confirmed as potential indicators to quantify genomic instability(GI).Nevertheless,GI-LncRNAs remain largely unexplored.This study established a GI-derived LncRNA signature(GILncSig)that can predict the prognosis of HCC patients.AIM To establish a GILncSig that can predict the prognosis of HCC patients.METHODS Identification of GI-LncRNAs was conducted by combining LncRNA expression and somatic mutation profiles.The GI-LncRNAs were then analyzed for functional enrichment.The GILncSig was established in the training set by Cox regression analysis,and its predictive ability was verified in the testing set and TCGA set.In addition,we explored the effects of the GILncSig and TP53 on prognosis.RESULTS A total of 88 GI-LncRNAs were found,and functional enrichment analysis showed that their functions were mainly involved in small molecule metabolism and GI.The GILncSig was constructed by 5 LncRNAs(miR210HG,AC016735.1,AC116351.1,AC010643.1,LUCAT1).In the training set,the prognosis of high-risk patients was significantly worse than that of low-risk patients,and similar results were verified in the testing set and TCGA set.Multivariate Cox regression analysis and stratified analysis confirmed that the GILncSig could be used as an independent prognostic factor.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the GILncSig showed that the area under the curve(0.773)was higher than the two LncRNA signatures published recently.Furthermore,the GILncSig may have a better predictive performance than TP53 mutation status alone.CONCLUSION We established a GILncSig that can predict the prognosis of HCC patients,which will help to guide prognostic evaluation and treatment decisions.

Modulating charge separation and transfer for high-performance photoelectrodes via built-in electric field

Constructing a built-in electric field has emerged as a key strategy for enhancing charge separation and transfer,thereby improving photoelectrochemical performance.Recently,considerable efforts have been devoted to this endeavor.This review systematically summarizes the impact of built-in electric fields on enhancing charge separation and transfer mechanisms,focusing on the modulation of built-in electric fields in terms of depth and orderliness.First,mechanisms and tuning strategies for built-in electric fields are explored.Then,the state-of-the-art works regarding built-in electric fields for modulating charge separation and transfer are summarized and categorized according to surface and interface depth.Finally,current strategies for constructing bulk built-in electric fields in photoelectrodes are explored,and insights into future developments for enhancing charge separation and transfer in high-performance photoelectrochemical applications are provided.

Wave nature of Rosensweig instability

The explicit analytical solution of Rosensweig instability spikes'shapes obtained by Navier-Stokes(NS)equation in diverse magnetic field H vertical to the flat free surface of ferrofluids are systematically studied experimentally and theoretically.After carefully analyzing and solving the NS equation in elliptic form,the force balanced surface equations of spikes in Rosensweig instability are expressed as cosine wave in perturbated magnetic field and hyperbolic tangent in large magnetic field,whose results both reveal the wave-like nature of Rosensweig instability.The results of hyperbolic tangent form are perfectly fitted to the experimental results in this paper,which indicates that the analytical solution is basically correct.Using the forementioned theoretical results,the total energy of the spike distribution pattern is calculated.By analyzing the energy components under different magnetic field intensities H,the hexagon-square transition of Rosensweig instability is systematically discussed and explained in an explicit way.

Theoretical analysis of the elastic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in explosive weldings

By considering the joint effects of the Kelvin-Helmholtz(KH) and Rayleigh-Taylor(RT) instabilities, this paper presents an interpretation of the wavy patterns that occur in explosive welding. It is assumed that the elasticity of the material at the interface effectively determines the wavelength, because explosive welding is basically a solid-state welding process. To this end, an analytical model of elastic hydrodynamic instabilities is proposed, and the most unstable mode is selected in the solid phase. Similar approaches have been widely used to study the interfacial behavior of solid metals in high-energy-density physics. By comparing the experimental and theoretical results, it is concluded that thermal softening,which significantly reduces the shear modulus, is necessary and sufficient for successful welding. The thermal softening is verified by theoretical analysis of the increase in temperature due to the impacting and sliding of the flyer and base plates, and some experimental observations are qualitatively validated.In summary, the combined effect of the KH and RT instabilities in solids determines the wavy morphology, and our theoretical results are in good qualitative agreement with experimental and numerical observations.

Integrated chromosomal instability and tumor microbiome re define d prognosis-related subtypes of pancreatic cancer

Background:Pancreatic cancer is a common malignancy with poor prognosis and limited treatment.Here we aimed to investigate the role of host chromosomal instability(CIN)and tumor microbiome in the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients.Methods:One hundred formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded(FFPE)pancreatic cancer samples were collected.DNA extracted from FFPE samples were analyzed by low-coverage whole-genome sequencing(WGS)via a customized bioinformatics workflow named ultrasensitive chromosomal aneuploidy detector.Results:Samples were tested according to the procedure of ultrasensitive chromosomal aneuploidy detector(UCAD).We excluded 2 samples with failed quality control,1 patient lost to follow-up and 6 dead in the perioperative period.The final 91 patients were admitted for the following analyses.Thirteen(14.3%)patients with higher CIN score had worse overall survival(OS)than those with lower CIN score.The top 20 microbes in pancreatic cancer samples included 15 species of bacteria and 5 species of viruses.Patients with high human herpesvirus(HHV)-7 and HHV-5 DNA reads exhibited worse OS.Furthermore,we classified 91 patients into 3 subtypes.Patients with higher CIN score(n=13)had the worst prognosis(median OS 6.9 mon);patients with lower CIN score but with HHV-7/5 DNA load(n=24)had worse prognosis(median OS 10.6 mon);while patients with lower CIN score and HHV-7/5 DNA negative(n=54)had the best prognosis(median OS 21.1 mon).Conclusions:High CIN and HHV-7/5 DNA load were associated with worse survival of pancreatic cancer.The novel molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancer based on CIN and microbiome had prognostic value.

Tendoscopic Surgery for Peroneal Tendons Instability: A Literature Review

Introduction: There has been a surge in the use of tendoscopic surgery for treating peroneal tendons instability. The novelty of this approach demanded a literature review of its indications, limitations, and clinical outcomes. Aim: a literature review of the clinical studies reporting on tendoscopic peroneal tendon stabilisation surgery along with its outcomes and complications. Methods: We carried out a comprehensive review of the literature up until September 2022 with an extensive search of the MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane library databases. Results: Initial search resulted in 66 articles. Four duplicate articles were removed. Further 30 articles were excluded after title and abstract screening. Eight studies satisfied the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Articles were analysed for outcomes and complications. Conclusion: The tendoscopic technique for peroneal tendon instability is an effective and safe surgical technique with very low failure rate. Levels of Evidence: Level IV.

Transverse mode-coupling instability with longitudinal impedance

Transverse mode-coupling instability(TMCI)is a dangerous transverse single-bunch instability that can lead to severe par-ticle loss.The mechanism of TMCI can be explained by the coupling of transverse coherent oscillation modes owing to the transverse short-range wakefield(i.e.,the transverse broadband impedance).Recent studies on future circular colliders,e.g.,FCC-ee,showed that the threshold of TMCI decreased significantly when both longitudinal and transverse impedances were included.We performed computations for the circular electron-positron collider(CEPC)and observed a similar phenom-enon.Systematic studies on the influence of longitudinal impedance on the TMCI threshold were conducted.We concluded that the imaginary part of the longitudinal impedance,which caused a reduction in the incoherent synchrotron tune,was the primary reason for the reduction in the TMCI threshold.Additionally,the real part of the longitudinal impedance assists in increasing the TMCI threshold.

Chronic Ankle Instability: Therapeutic Exercise and Data Analysis

Background and Objectives: Ankle injuries are the most common type of injury in healthy active individuals. If not treated properly, recurrent sprains can lead to a condition of chronic ankle instability (CAI). The present paper examines some subjects with a previous history of acute inversion ankle sprain who have developed a subsequent condition of instability, grouping them according to inclusion criteria and analyzing them through four field tests considered objective by the scientific literature: SEBT test, BEES test, TIBT test, SHT test. The data obtained were stored in order to compare them following a re-education protocol aimed at improving proprioception, balance, walking and strengthening the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the foot. per year. The subjects were then divided into two categories: subjects with CAI > 1 year and subjects with CAI ≤ 1 year. A protocol lasting 6 weeks was administered to both groups, trying to work on improving balance in single stance, improving static and dynamic stability, strengthening the gluteus medius and maximus (pelvis stabilizers) and strengthening of the intrinsic muscles of the foot. At the end of the protocol the subjects were all re-evaluated with the same field tests used previously and the data obtained were compared both with the pre-protocol data and with the data measured by the control subjects.

High-resolution reconstruction of the ablative RT instability flowfield via convolutional neural networks

High-resolution flow field data has important applications in meteorology,aerospace engineering,high-energy physics and other fields.Experiments and numerical simulations are two main ways to obtain high-resolution flow field data,while the high experiment cost and computing resources for simulation hinder the specificanalysis of flow field evolution.With the development of deep learning technology,convolutional neural networks areused to achieve high-resolution reconstruction of the flow field.In this paper,an ordinary convolutional neuralnetwork and a multi-time-path convolutional neural network are established for the ablative Rayleigh-Taylorinstability.These two methods can reconstruct the high-resolution flow field in just a few seconds,and further greatlyenrich the application of high-resolution reconstruction technology in fluid instability.Compared with the ordinaryconvolutional neural network,the multi-time-path convolutional neural network model has smaller error and canrestore more details of the flow field.The influence of low-resolution flow field data obtained by the two poolingmethods on the convolutional neural networks model is also discussed.

Parametric instability in the pure-quartic nonlinear Schrödinger equation

We study the nonlinear stage of modulation instability(MI)in the non-intergrable pure-quartic nonlinear Schrödinger equation where the fourth-order dispersion is modulated periodically.Using the three-mode truncation,we reveal the complex recurrence of parametric resonance(PR)breathers,where each recurrence is associated with two oscillation periods(PR period and internal oscillation period).The nonlinear stage of parametric instability admits the maximum energy exchange between the spectrum sidebands and central mode occurring outside the MI gain band.

VSe_(2)/V_(2)C heterocatalyst with built-in electric field for efficient lithium-sulfur batteries:Remedies polysulfide shuttle and conversion kinetics

Lithium sulfur(Li-S)battery is a kind of burgeoning energy storage system with high energy density.However,the electrolyte-soluble intermediate lithium polysulfides(Li PSs)undergo notorious shuttle effect,which seriously hinders the commercialization of Li-S batteries.Herein,a unique VSe_(2)/V_(2)C heterostructure with local built-in electric field was rationally engineered from V_(2)C parent via a facile thermal selenization process.It exquisitely synergizes the strong affinity of V_(2)C with the effective electrocatalytic activity of VSe_(2).More importantly,the local built-in electric field at the heterointerface can sufficiently promote the electron/ion transport ability and eventually boost the conversion kinetics of sulfur species.The Li-S battery equipped with VSe_(2)/V_(2)C-CNTs-PP separator achieved an outstanding initial specific capacity of 1439.1 m A h g^(-1)with a high capacity retention of 73%after 100 cycles at0.1 C.More impressively,a wonderful capacity of 571.6 mA h g^(-1)was effectively maintained after 600cycles at 2 C with a capacity decay rate of 0.07%.Even under a sulfur loading of 4.8 mg cm^(-2),areal capacity still can be up to 5.6 m A h cm^(-2).In-situ Raman tests explicitly illustrate the effectiveness of VSe_(2)/V_(2)C-CNTs modifier in restricting Li PSs shuttle.Combined with density functional theory calculations,the underlying mechanism of VSe_(2)/V_(2)C heterostructure for remedying Li PSs shuttling and conversion kinetics was deciphered.The strategy of constructing VSe_(2)/V_(2)C heterocatalyst in this work proposes a universal protocol to design metal selenide-based separator modifier for Li-S battery.Besides,it opens an efficient avenue for the separator engineering of Li-S batteries.

Enabling built-in electric fields on rhenium-vacancy-rich heterojunction interfaces of transition-metal dichalcogenides for pH-universal efficient hydrogen and electric energy generation

Most advanced hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)catalysts show high activity under alkaline conditions.However,the performance deteriorates at a natural and acidic pH,which is often problematic in practical applications.Herein,a rhenium(Re)sulfide–transition-metal dichalcogenide heterojunc-tion catalyst with Re-rich vacancies(NiS_(2)-ReS_(2)-V)has been constructed.The optimized catalyst shows extraordinary electrocatalytic HER performance over a wide range of pH,with ultralow overpotentials of 42,85,and 122 mV under alkaline,acidic,and neutral conditions,respectively.Moreover,the two-electrode system with NiS_(2)-ReS_(2)-V1 as the cathode provides a voltage of 1.73 V at 500 mA cm^(-2),superior to industrial systems.Besides,the open-circuit voltage of a single Zn–H_(2)O cell with NiS_(2)-ReS_(2)-V1 as the cathode can reach an impressive 90.9% of the theoretical value,with a maximum power density of up to 31.6 mW cm^(-2).Moreover,it shows remarkable stability,with sustained discharge for approximately 120 h at 10 mA cm^(-2),significantly outperforming commercial Pt/C catalysts under the same conditions in all aspects.A series of systematic characterizations and theoretical calculations demonstrate that Re vacancies on the heterojunction interface would generate a stronger built-in electric field,which profoundly affects surface charge distribution and subsequently enhances HER performance.

A Study of Radiation-Induced Telomere Instability Using Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA)

The integrity of the chromosomes for two WIL2-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines (TK6 and WTK1) in the presence and absence of ionizing radiation was analyzed by Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA). The TK6 cell line has the native p53 tumor-suppressor gene, whereas WTK1 cells contain a p53 mutation. Each cell line was isolated pre- and post-irradiation (2 and 3 Gy) and analyzed by MLPA. The impact of irradiation on these two cell lines was investigated using probes that target specific regions on chromosomes associated with subtelomeric regions. Results indicate that WTK1 and TK6 are impacted differently after irradiation, and that each cell line presents its own unique MLPA profile. The most notable differences are the appearance of a number of probes in the post-irradiated MLPA profile that are not present in the controls, and two unique probe signals only seen in WTK1 cells. These results build on our previous studies that indicate how different human cell lines can be affected by radiation in significantly different ways depending on the presence or absence of wild type p53.

Growth mechanism and characteristics of electron drift instability in Hall thruster with different propellant types

The existence of a significant electron drift instability(EDI) in the Hall thruster is considered as one of the possible causes of the abnormal increase in axial electron mobility near the outlet of the channel. In recent years, extensive simulation research on the characteristics of EDI has been conducted, but the excitation mechanism and growth mechanism of EDI in linear stage and nonlinear stage remain unclear. In this work, a one-dimensional PIC model in the azimuthal direction of the thruster near-exit region is established to gain further insights into the mechanism of the EDI in detail, and the effects of different types of propellants on EDI characteristics are discussed. The changes in axial electron transport caused by EDI under different types of propellants and electromagnetic field strengths are also examined. The results indicate that EDI undergoes a short linear growth phase before transitioning to the nonlinear phase and finally reaching saturation through the ion Landau damping. The EDI drives a significant ion heating in the azimuthal direction through electron–ion friction before entering the quasi-steady state, which increases the axial mobility of the electrons. Using lighter atomic weight propellant can effectively suppress the oscillation amplitude of EDI, but it will increase the linear growth rate, frequency, and phase velocity of EDI. Compared with the classical mobility, the axial electron mobility under the EDI increases by three orders of magnitude, which is consistent with experimental phenomena. The change of propellant type is insufficient to significantly change the axial electron mobility. It is also found that the collisions between electrons and neutral gasescan significantly affect the axial electron mobility under the influence of EDI, and lead the strength of the electric field to increase and the strength of the magnetic field to decrease, thereby both effectively suppressing the axial transport of electrons.

Effect of external magnetic field on the instability of THz plasma waves in nanoscale graphene field-effect transistors

The instability of plasma waves in the channel of field-effect transistors will cause the electromagnetic waves with THz frequency.Based on a self-consistent quantum hydrodynamic model,the instability of THz plasmas waves in the channel of graphene field-effect transistors has been investigated with external magnetic field and quantum effects.We analyzed the influence of weak magnetic fields,quantum effects,device size,and temperature on the instability of plasma waves under asymmetric boundary conditions numerically.The results show that the magnetic fields,quantum effects,and the thickness of the dielectric layer between the gate and the channel can increase the radiation frequency.Additionally,we observed that increase in temperature leads to a decrease in both oscillation frequency and instability increment.The numerical results and accompanying images obtained from our simulations provide support for the above conclusions.

Bimetallic selenide heterostructure with directional built-in electricfield confined in N-doped carbon nanofibers for superior sodium storage with ultralong lifespan

Constructing heterostructure is considered as an effective strategy to address the sluggish electronic and ionic kinetics of anode materials for sodium ion batteries(SIBs).However,realizing the orientated growth and uniform distribution of the heterostructure is still a great challenge.Herein,the regulated novel CoSe_(2)/NiSe_(2)heterostructure confined in N-doped carbon nanofibers(CoSe_(2)/NiSe_(2)@N-C)are prepared by using Co/Ni-ZIF template,in which,the CoSe_(2)/NiSe_(2)heterostructures realize uniform distribution on a micro level.Benefiting from the unique heterostructure and N-doped carbon nanofibers,the CoSe_(2)/NiSe_(2)@N-C deliveries superior rate capability and durable cycle lifespan with a reversible capacity of 400.5 mA h g^(-1)after 5000 cycles at 2 A g^(-1).The Na-ion full battery with CoSe_(2)/NiSe_(2)@N-C anode and layered oxide cathode displays a remarkable energy density of 563 W h kg^(-1)with 241.1 W kg^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1).The theoretical calculations disclose that the periodic and directional built-in electric-field along with the heterointerfaces of CoSe_(2)/NiSe_(2)@N-C can accelerate electrochemical reaction kinetics.The in(ex)situ experimental measurements reveal the reversible conversion reaction and stable structure of CoSe_(2)/NiSe_(2)@N-C during Na+insertion/extraction.The study highlights the potential ability of precisely controlled heterostructure to stimulate the electrochemical performances of advanced anode for SIBs.

Contrasts of bimodal tropical instability waves(TIWs)-induced wind stress perturbations in the Pacific Ocean among observations,ocean models,and coupled climate models

The coupling between wind stress perturbations and sea surface temperature(SST)perturbations induced by tropical instability waves(TIWs)in the Pacific Ocean has been revealed previously and proven crucial to both the atmosphere and ocean.However,an overlooked fact by previous studies is that the loosely defined“TIWs”actually consist of two modes,including the Yanai wave-based TIW on the equator(hereafter eTIW)and the Rossby wave-based TIW off the equator(hereafter vTIW).Hence,the individual feedbacks of the wind stress to the bimodal TIWs remain unexplored.In this study,individual coupling relationships are established for both eTIW and v TIW,including the relationship between the TIW-induced SST perturbations and two components of wind stress perturbations,and the relationship between the TIW-induced wind stress perturbation divergence(curl)and the downwind(crosswind)TIW-induced SST gradients.Results show that,due to different distributions of eTIW and vTIW,the coupling strength induced by the eTIW is stronger on the equator,and that by the vTIW is stronger off the equator.The results of any of eTIW and vTIW are higher than those of the loosely defined TIWs.We further investigated how well the coupling relationships remained in several widely recognized oceanic general circulation models and fully coupled climate models.However,the coupling relationships cannot be well represented in most numerical models.Finally,we confirmed that higher resolution usually corresponds to more accurate simulation.Therefore,the coupling models established in this study are complementary to previous research and can be used to refine the oceanic and coupled climate models.

Failure evaluation and control factor analysis of slope block instability along traffic corridor in Southeastern Tibet

The instability of slope blocks occurred frequently along traffic corridor in Southeastern Tibet(TCST),which was primarily controlled by the rock mass structures.A rapid method evaluating the control effects of rock mass structures was proposed through field statistics of the slopes and rock mass structures along TCST,which combined the stereographic projection method,modified M-JCS model,and limit equilibrium theory.The instabilities of slope blocks along TCST were then evaluated rapidly,and the different control factors of instability were analyzed.Results showed that the probabilities of toppling(5.31%),planar(16.15%),and wedge(35.37%)failure of slope blocks along TCST increased sequentially.These instability modes were respectively controlled by the anti-dip joint,the joint parallel to slope surface with a dip angle smaller than the slope angle(singlejoint),and two groups of joints inclined out of the slope(double-joints).Regarding the control effects on slope block instability,the stabilization ability of doublejoints(72.7%),anti-dip joint(67.4%),and single-joint(57.6%)decreased sequentially,resulting in different probabilities of slope block instability.Additionally,nearby regional faults significantly influenced the joints,leading to spatial heterogeneity and segmental clustering in the stabilization ability provided by joints to the slope blocks.Consequently,the stability of slope blocks gradually weakened as they approached the fault zones.This paper can provide guidance and assistance for investigating the development characteristics of rock mass structures and the stability of slope blocks.