Multiple satellites observation evidence:High-m Poloidal ULF waves with time-varying polarization states

We report multi-spacecraft observations of ULF waves from Van Allen Probes(RBSP), Magnetospheric Multiscale(MMS), Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorm(THEMIS), and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites(GOES).On August 31, 2015, global-scale poloidal waves were observed in data from RBSP-B, GOES and THEMIS from L=4 to L=8 over a wide range of magnetic local time(MLT). The polarization states varied towards purely poloidal polarity. In two consecutive orbits over 18 hours, RBSP-A and RBSP-B recorded gradual variation of the polarization states of the poloidal waves; the ratio(|B_a|/|B_r|) decreased from 0.82 to 0.13. After the variation of polarization states, the poloidal ULF waves became very purely poloidal waves, localized in both L and MLT. We identify the poloidal wave as second harmonic mode with a large azimuthal wave number(m) of –232. From RBSP particle measurements we find evidence that the high-m poloidal waves during the polarization variations were powered by inward radial gradients and bump-on-tail ion distributions through the N=1 drift-bounce resonance. Most of the time, the dominant free energy source was inward radial gradients, compared with the positive gradient in the energy distribution of the bump-on-tail ion distributions.

磁暴恢复相后期超低频波观测分析

利用Radiation Belt Storm Probes(RBSP)和Magnetospheric Multiscale(MMS)的联合观测研究了2016年1月25日和2月22日的两个超低频(ULF)波动事件.这两个事件均发生在磁暴的恢复相后期,波动分布在晨侧与正午之间的区域.RBSP观测到的两次波动都发生在低L-shell(4.7~5.8),MMS观测到的两次波动都发生在高L-shell(8.0~14.2).在高L-shell,超低频波偏振以环向波为主,沿磁力线方向为基频谐波.在低L-shell,超低频波偏振以径向波为主,沿磁力线方向为二次谐波.对内磁层(L<6)中的ULF波,通过比较■f/■w|μ,L和dL/dW■f/■L|μ,w的绝对值可知,bump-on-tail的离子分布和向地的离子相空间密度梯度通过N=1的弹跳共振,共同为波动的产生提供自由能.多重事例分析表明,在磁暴恢复相后期,约10 keV的离子伴随着波动的存在而存在,并且为波动的产生提供自由能.