蒙药用植物赤瓟块根中过氧化物酶的稳定性分析

研究蒙药用植物赤瓟(Thladiantha dubia Bunge)块根过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,确定最适反应温度和pH,并测定其在不同温度条件、pH和保存条件下的稳定性。结果表明,赤瓟块根POD的最适温度为30℃,最适pH为7.2,在不同温度条件下保温30 min时,高于40℃时酶活性开始降低,保温60 min时,高于35℃时酶活性开始降低;该酶的pH稳定性范围为6.6~8.2;室温光照条件下存放1 d后活性开始下降,7 d时活性基本丧失,室温黑暗条件保存3 d后活性开始降低,8 d时活性完全丧失。赤瓟块根POD在30℃、中性条件和黑暗环境中具有较高的活性和稳定性。

赤瓟块茎淀粉的提取及理化特性研究

通过单因素试验和正交优化试验研究赤瓟(Thladiantha dubia Bunge)块茎淀粉的纤维素酶提取工艺,以马铃薯淀粉和玉米淀粉为对照品,用于赤瓟块茎淀粉的理化特性研究。结果表明,采用纤维素酶法提取赤瓟块茎淀粉的最佳工艺条件为酶解温度50℃、酶浓度0.5%、pH 5.0、酶解时间3 h,在此条件下,赤匏块茎淀粉回收率达88.75%;粗淀粉的淀粉含量为79.2%,含水量为13.0%,蛋白质含量为0.11%,脂肪含量为0.10%,灰分含量为0.65%;淀粉颗粒粒径分布呈双峰型,直径长度在2.00~50.00μm,平均粒径为35.25μm,粒径居于玉米淀粉颗粒粒径和马铃薯淀粉颗粒粒径之间;淀粉糊的透光率适中,高于市售玉米淀粉,低于市售马铃薯淀粉;析水率与市售马铃薯淀粉和玉米淀粉无显著差异;赤瓟块茎淀粉糊的冻融稳定性与马铃薯淀粉糊和玉米淀粉糊相似;溶胀起始温度和溶胀特性与玉米淀粉较相似。

Mechanism prediction of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Angelica sinensis Diels in treating interstitial lung disease based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Objective:To investigate the mechanism by which Astragalus mongholicus Bunge(AM),and Angelica sinensis Diels(AS)act in interstitial lung disease(ILD)based on computational prediction.Methods:We screened the ingredients of AM and AS in PubMed,the Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)Databases,etc.Then obtained the potential effective components.By sharing the same molecular with ILD,we got the possible target genes for ILD treatment and constructed components–targets–disease network with Cytoscape software.The CTD(Comparative Toxicogenomics Database)database was used for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of these target genes.Results:59 active ingredients that can be druggable were chosen from AM,67 active ingredients were chosen from AS.77 overlapping target genes for AM and ILD and 36 overlapping target genes for AS and ILD were acquired.The hub targets of AM were PTGS2,PTGS1,CDK2,MAOA,ESR1,TOP2A,GSK3B,ESR2,PPARG,NOS2,The hub targets of AS were PTGS2,GABRA1,PTGS1,CHRM1,SLC6A2,ADRA1B,ADRAIA,ADRB2,CHRM3,GABRA2,CHRM2.Quercetin,kaempferol,daidzein,pavilion,7-Hydroxycoumarin,and 5-Hydroxycoumarin were the main active ingredients which have more effective targets.Prediction of the protein-protein interaction network showed PTGS2,GSK3B,PPARG,etc.,were the important predicted targets.The enriched KEGG pathways,including the Immune System,Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins,Cytokine Signaling in the Immune system,Generic Transcription Pathway,The interleukin pathway,Metabolism of proteins,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,Metabolic pathways,Innate Immune System,Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,Metabolism,GPCR downstream signaling,Amine ligand-binding receptors,Class A/1,Calcium signaling pathway.Molecular docking showed that quercetin,kaempferol,daidzein,pavilion,7-Hydroxycoumarin,5-Hydroxycoumarin had good binding activities with PTGS2 and GSK3B,which mainly mediated PI3K/Akt and other important signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of ILD.Conclusion:The components in AS and AM share some common targets,such as PTGS2.AM and AS may ameliorate ILD through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway which is mediated by GSK3B.PTGS2,PPARG may also be vital target genes in the treatment of ILD with AM and AS.

基于四种常用机器学习的梭梭(Haloxylon ammod-endron(C.A.Mey)Bunge)适宜生境分布研究

梭梭Haloxylon ammodendron (C.A.Mey) Bunge是适应中亚荒漠生境的耐寒、抗旱、耐盐碱C4植物,预测该物种地理分布范围以及未来不同气候变化情景下该物种适宜生境分布的变化,对于我国荒漠区生态环境保护具有重要意义。利用收集的梭梭分布数据与33个环境因子,基于四种常用的机器学习算法组成的组合模型对该物种适宜生境在我国西北干旱区的分布进行了预测。结果表明:(1)不同的模型算法的结果在空间上具有较高的一致性,但其分布细节具有一定的差异性。(2)梭梭在我国的适宜生境面积约为0.91×10^(6) km^(2),主要分布在新疆的准噶尔盆地和塔里木盆地边缘,甘肃河西走廊地区,内蒙古巴丹吉林、乌兰布和、腾格里沙漠和库布齐沙漠的西部,青海省柴达木盆地等地区。(3)未来气候变化对该物种适宜生境分布的影响取决于升温幅度,但是在大部分的增温情景中,该物种的适宜生境变化较小。(4)高适宜生境面积为0.19×10^(6) km^(2),应该作为梭梭原生产地保护以及人工种植的重点区域。(5)集成多模型结果的组合物种分布模型能够在一定程度上减少模型的不确定性,增加模型的精度。在环境条件限制性较高的干旱区,加入土壤因素能够有效提高物种分布模型的建模科学性和合理性。

Enrichment of nervonic acid in Acer truncatum Bunge oil by combination of two-stage molecular distillation,one-stage urea complexation and five-stage solvent crystallization

Nervonic acid is the world’s first and only potent substance that can repair damaged nerve fibers and promote nerve cell regeneration with high nutritional value.The wide variety of fatty acids in plant oils and fats with similar structures makes the large-scale separation and purification of high-purity nervonic acid very difficult.A new combined process of molecular distillation,urea inclusion and solvent crystallization was established to prepare high-purity nervonic acid with the mixed fatty acids obtained after saponification and acidification of Acer truncatum Bunge oil as raw materials.First,according to the difference in the mean free path of fatty acids,molecular distillation was used to separate and remove C16 saturated fatty acid of palmitic acid and four C18-C20 fatty acids of stearic,oleic,linoleic,and linolenic acids.The content of C16-C20 fatty acids decreased from 72.92% to 19.22% after two-stage molecular distillation processes,in which the contents of saturated fatty acid of palmitic acid decreased to about 0.5%.Then,according to the difference in carbon chain length and saturation of fatty acid,the contents of C22-C24 saturated fatty acids of tetracosanoic and docosanoic acids decreased to 0.21% and 0.07% by urea inclusion with urea/free fatty acid preparation by saponification(SPOMFs)ratio as 0.6.In addition,all saturated fatty acids were basically separated.Finally,according to the difference in the solubility of fatty acids in solvents,the C18-C20 unsaturated fatty acids of oleic,linoleic,and linolenic acids and C22 unsaturated fatty acid of erucic acid were removed by solvent crystallization.The content of C18-C20 unsaturated fatty acids decreased to less than 5% with pentanol as the solvent after the first stage solvent crystallization.The content of erucic acid decreased to 3.47% with anhydrous ethanol as the solvent after the second to fifth stage solvent crystallization.The combined process of molecular distillation,urea inclusion and low temperature crystallization innovatively adopted an efficient,simple and easy-toindustrial solvent crystallization method to separate erucic and nervonic acids,obtaining nervonic acid with purity of 96.53% and final yield of 47.99%.

Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Salvia miltiorrhiza

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(S.miltiorrhiza),a perennial plant of the genus Salvia,is widely used in traditional folklore medicine.Previous chemical research on this plant contains diterpenoid quinones,phenolic acids,polysaccharides and other compounds.The pharmacological investigation of S.miltiorrhiza has shown that it has various pharmacological activities,such as cardiovascular system protection,anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidant,anti-tumor,liver protection,and neuroprotection activities.This research tends to give an overview of the main chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of S.miltiorrhiza,aiming to reveal its potential value and provide reference for its further development.

Mechanism prediction of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Angelica sinensis Diels in treating interstitial lung disease based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Objective:To investigate the mechanism by which Astragalus mongholicus Bunge(AM),and Angelica sinensis Diels(AS)act in interstitial lung disease(ILD)based on computational prediction.Methods:We screened the ingredients of AM and AS in PubMed,the Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)Databases,etc.Then obtained the potential effective components.By sharing the same molecular with ILD,we got the possible target genes for ILD treatment and constructed components–targets–disease network with Cytoscape software.The CTD(Comparative Toxicogenomics Database)database was used for GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of these target genes.Results:59 active ingredients that can be druggable were chosen from AM,67 active ingredients were chosen from AS.77 overlapping target genes for AM and ILD and 36 overlapping target genes for AS and ILD were acquired.The hub targets of AM were PTGS2,PTGS1,CDK2,MAOA,ESR1,TOP2A,GSK3B,ESR2,PPARG,NOS2,The hub targets of AS were PTGS2,GABRA1,PTGS1,CHRM1,SLC6A2,ADRA1B,ADRAIA,ADRB2,CHRM3,GABRA2,CHRM2.Quercetin,kaempferol,daidzein,pavilion,7-Hydroxycoumarin,and 5-Hydroxycoumarin were the main active ingredients which have more effective targets.Prediction of the protein-protein interaction network showed PTGS2,GSK3B,PPARG,etc.,were the important predicted targets.The enriched KEGG pathways,including the Immune System,Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins,Cytokine Signaling in the Immune system,Generic Transcription Pathway,The interleukin pathway,Metabolism of proteins,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,Metabolic pathways,Innate Immune System,Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,Metabolism,GPCR downstream signaling,Amine ligand-binding receptors,Class A/1,Calcium signaling pathway.Molecular docking showed that quercetin,kaempferol,daidzein,pavilion,7-Hydroxycoumarin,5-Hydroxycoumarin had good binding activities with PTGS2 and GSK3B,which mainly mediated PI3K/Akt and other important signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of ILD.Conclusion:The components in AS and AM share some common targets,such as PTGS2.AM and AS may ameliorate ILD through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway which is mediated by GSK3B.PTGS2,PPARG may also be vital target genes in the treatment of ILD with AM and AS.

欧李种仁中苦杏仁苷的提取及其抗氧化活性

采用HPLC法测定欧李(Prunus humilis Bunge)种仁浓缩液中苦杏仁苷的含量,利用DPPH法测定苦杏仁苷的抗氧化性。结果表明,提取液中苦杏仁苷的浓度为7.94 mg/mL;苦杏仁苷清除DPPH的能力随着其浓度的降低而下降,当苦杏仁苷溶液浓度为7.50 mg/mL时清除率最高,为90.9%。欧李种仁浓缩液经氯仿、乙酸乙酯和加热处理均能提高水相中苦杏仁苷的纯度。

丹参根部生长规律Logistic模型研究

通过Logistic方程以定植时间为自变量建立丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge)主根粗、主根长和根鲜重的生长模型。分别用2011和2012年的数据进行拟合和检验,用1∶1作图法(1∶1plot)和均方根误差(RMSE)与实测值进行比较。通过对Logistic方程求一、二、三阶导数和拐点,研究了丹参根部生长速率与密度和氮肥的关系,探索丹参根部的生长规律。2011年拟合方程的决定系数均达到0.96以上,回归方程统计检验均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);2012年拟合方程的决定系数均达到0.95以上。结果表明,用Logistic曲线可较好地拟合丹参根部生长量与定植时间的关系;在生长中期和后期,低密度(株距25 cm×行距30 cm)处理的丹参根鲜重增长速率比其余密度处理的快;适量的氮肥(100 kg/hm2)使根鲜重的增长速率较快且持续的时间较长,速生期是丹参根部生长的关键时期。

不同贮藏条件对梭梭种子萌发活力的影响

以吐鲁番梭梭[Haloxylon ammodendron(C.A.Mey.)Bunge]树体上的成熟种子为材料,研究贮藏时间、贮藏温度和贮藏种子含水量对梭梭种子萌发活力的影响。结果表明,室温和冰箱贮藏种子9个月,种子发芽率随着贮藏时间的延长呈下降趋势,下降幅度达46.50和35.50个百分点,各时期冰箱贮藏种子发芽率的下降幅度低于常温贮藏。不同温度下贮藏梭梭种子3个月的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和胚鲜重特征为-10℃>-18℃>-4℃>4℃>常温,且随着贮藏温度的降低呈先升高后降低,差异显著。不同梭梭种子含水量贮藏3个月的发芽率、发芽指数、胚根长和活力指数随着种子含水量的降低呈先升高后降低趋势,种子含水量为5.50%的降低幅度最小。贮藏温度与活力指数间呈极显著负相关,贮藏种子含水量与发芽指数和活力指数间呈极显著负相关,种子发芽率、活力指数与不同贮藏条件间的相关性高低顺序均为贮藏种子含水量>贮藏温度>贮藏时间,而发芽势、发芽指数与不同贮藏条件间的相关性高低顺序均为贮藏温度>贮藏种子含水量>贮藏时间。

黄芪多糖微波辅助提取工艺优化

对黄芪多糖进行微波辅助提取,采用单因素试验及正交试验优化提取工艺,探讨料水质量比、微波功率、微波处理时间、pH对黄芪多糖提取率的影响。结果表明,微波辅助提取黄芪多糖的最佳工艺条件是料水质量比1∶15、微波功率450 W、微波处理时间90 s、pH 8.5。

泰山白首乌营养成分及其繁育技术研究进展

泰山白首乌是泰山"四大名药"之一,有很高的药用价值。随着现代科技的进步,人们对其营养成分逐步了解,国内外市场需求急剧增加。该文对近年国内外关于白首乌的营养成分和繁育技术的研究进展进行综述,为泰山白首乌的开发利用提供参考。

药用植物北马兜铃的开发利用价值与栽培技术概述

根据目前国内学者的研究成果,该研究集中介绍了北马兜铃的植物学和生物学特性,种子、茎、根的主要化学成分及药用价值,总结了北马兜铃播种繁殖的栽培技术及后期田间管理、病虫害防治及采收和加工的具体方法,为今后合理开发利用这一植物资源提供理论依据。

酸枣活性成分分析及药理作用研究进展

对酸枣中的主要活性成分黄酮类、皂苷类、生物碱类物质、脂肪酸、氨基酸及矿物质等进行分析,并对其主要药理作用的研究进展进行综述,为酸枣仁的进一步开发利用提供依据。

有关ODF计算方法的某些问题

概述了Bunge系统的取向分布函数（即ODD的计算原理和方法，将Bunge系统和Roe系统进行比较．两种系统的原理基本相同，其主要的区别在于处理对称的方法不一样．

粘毛黄芩毛状根外源基因表达系统的建立

用携带植物高效表达载体pCAMBIA1304+和发根型质粒pRiA4,"解除武装"的重组C58C1工程菌感染粘毛黄芩(Scutellaria viscidula Bunge.)无菌苗的幼茎、子叶、叶片,诱导毛状根的表达,以建立基于粘毛黄芩毛状根的高效外源基因表达系统。幼茎毛状根诱导率最高,达88.9%。PCR扩增检测粘毛黄芩毛状根单克隆基因组中的rolC和hygr基因片段,结果表明,pRiA4和pCAMBIA1304+均能整合到粘毛黄芩毛状根的基因组内,共转化率达28.1%。

响应面优化超声波-酶法提取丹参中丹酚酸B的工艺研究

利用响应面分析法对丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge)中丹酚酸B的超声波协同酶法提取工艺进行优化。在单因素试验基础上,选取酶解时间、酶解温度、纤维素酶用量和酶解p H进行4因素3水平的Box-Behnken中心组合研究。通过响应面分析法对提取条件进行了优化,确定超声波协同酶法提取丹参中丹酚酸B的最佳工艺为酶解时间54 min,酶解温度49℃,纤维素酶用量2.70 mg/g、酶解p H 4.4。在该条件下,丹参中丹酚酸B的提取量为4.83 mg/g。

艾比湖湿地梭梭与土壤因子关系的分析

对艾比湖湿地不同土壤梯度环境因子与梭梭(Haloxylon bunge)进行调查研究,并利用国际通用植被数量分析软件CANOCO4.5对其关系进行了冗余度分析(RDA)。结果表明,土壤深度、Ca^(2+)和SO_4^(2-)含量3个环境因子组合对梭梭生长特征变异的解释量达到52.3%,说明这3个变量是影响梭梭生长变异的重要因子,盐分是关键驱动因子。土壤深度与梭梭株高、生物量呈显著正相关,随着深度的增加,梭梭的株高、生物量逐渐增加,梭梭的长势越好,表明了盐分对植物生长的抑制作用。Ca^(2+)和SO_4^(2-)含量与梭梭生长特征呈显著负相关。因此,中度盐碱湿地生态恢复需要重点考虑盐分对植物生长的影响,防治土壤盐碱化和次生盐碱化是湿地生态恢复的重要方面。

摘花序、打顶对商洛丹参生长的影响

[目的]考察摘花序、打顶对商洛丹参生长的影响。[方法]对种植于陕西商洛香菊药源基地的2年生丹参样品,采用摘花序、打顶的处理方法,研究其对丹参生长性状及根部有效成分的影响。[结果]摘花序、打顶后的植株生长健壮、干物质积累多、根部产量高、有效成分积累量大,处理结果明显优于2种处理方法单独使用的效果。[结论]试验考察了摘花序、打顶对商洛丹参生长的影响,为商洛丹参的种质资源栽培提供了理论依据。

黄花铁线莲化学成分阿魏酸对类风湿关节炎的治疗作用

目的研究延安本地植物黄花铁线莲化学成分阿魏酸在类风湿关节炎治疗中的药用价值。方法通过硅胶和凝胶柱色谱分离,利用多种波谱技术鉴定黄花铁线莲,获得5种化合物,将其中的有效成分阿魏酸进行动物急性毒性实验及抗炎活性实验。结果化合物阿魏酸无急性毒性反应,并且具有良好的抗炎活性。结论延安本地生长植物黄花铁线莲所提取化学成分阿魏酸具有良好的抗炎活性,对类风湿关节炎有很好的药用价值。