Radix Paeoniae Alba attenuates Radix Bupleuri-induced hepatotoxicity by modulating gut microbiota to alleviate the inhibition of saikosaponins on glutathione synthetase

Radix Bupleuri(RB)is commonly used to treat depression,but it can also lead to hepatotoxicity after longterm use.In many anti-depression prescriptions,RB is often used in combination with Radix Paeoniae Alba(RPA)as an herb pair.However,whether RPA can alleviate RB-induced hepatotoxicity remain unclear.In this work,the results confirmed that RB had a dose-dependent antidepressant effect,but the optimal antidepressant dose caused hepatotoxicity.Notably,RPA effectively reversed RB-induced hepatotoxicity.Afterward,the mechanism of RB-induced hepatotoxicity was confirmed.The results showed that saikosaponin A and saikosaponin D could inhibit GSH synthase(GSS)activity in the liver,and further cause liver injury through oxidative stress and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-kB)/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)pathway.Furthermore,the mechanisms by which RPA attenuates RBinduced hepatotoxicity were investigated.The results demonstrated that RPA increased the abundance of intestinal bacteria with glycosidase activity,thereby promoting the conversion of saikosaponins to saikogenins in vivo.Different from saikosaponin A and saikosaponin D,which are directly combined with GSS as an inhibitor,their deglycosylation conversion products saikogenin F and saikogenin G exhibited no GSS binding activity.Based on this,RPA can alleviate the inhibitory effect of saikosaponins on GSS activity to reshape the liver redox balance and further reverse the RB-induced liver inflammatory response by the NFkB/NLRP3 pathway.In conclusion,the present study suggests that promoting the conversion of saikosaponins by modulating gut microbiota to attenuate the inhibition of GSS is the potential mechanism by which RPA prevents RB-induced hepatotoxicity.

Active components of Bupleuri Radix in the treatment of schizophrenia analyzed by network pharmacology and clinical verification

Background:Bupleuri Radix is a common Chinese medicinal material in traditional Chinese medicine.Currently,the therapeutic effect of treating schizophrenia is relatively well understood.However,there are fewer studies examining the underlying mechanisms of its treatment.The objective of the study was to investigate the primary mechanisms of Bupleuri Radix in treating schizophrenia through network pharmacology and clinical validation.Method:Network pharmacology revealed possible molecular mechanisms,followed by clinical verification.Sixty-seven schizophrenia patients undergoing treatment at the Hunan Brain Hospital between October and November 2022 were recruited and randomly divided into the olanzapine group and the olanzapine+Bupleuri Radix group.Additionally,32 healthy people undergoing physical examinations during the same period were included as the control group.The patient’s positive and negative symptom scale scores were compared.qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of ESR1,mTOR,EIF4E,and SMAD4 in peripheral blood.Results:Through network pharmacological analysis,it was concluded in this study that Bupleuri Radix might regulate the mTOR,PI3K-Akt,and HIF-1 signaling pathways.Clinical experiments indicated that compared with before treatment,the positive and negative symptom scale scores and total scores of the two treatment groups were significantly decreased after treatment(P<0.01).In addition,the positive and negative symptom scale scores and total scores in the olanzapine+Bupleuri Radix group were significantly decreased(P<0.01)compared to the olanzapine group after treatment.Before treatment,ESR1 mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood were significantly higher in the two treatment groups than in the control group,whereas the mRNA expression levels of mTOR,EIF4E,and SMAD4 in peripheral blood were significantly lower(P<0.01).The mRNA expression levels of mTOR,EIF4E,and SMAD4 in peripheral blood were significantly higher after therapy than before treatment,whereas the mRNA expression levels of ESR1 in peripheral blood were significantly lower(P<0.01).After therapy,the olanzapine+Bupleuri Radix group’s mRNA expression levels of mTOR,EIF4E,and SMAD4 were significantly higher than those of the olanzapine group,whereas the mRNA expression levels of ESR1 were significantly lower(P<0.01).Conclusion:The mechanism of Bupleuri Radix’s therapeutic efficacy in schizophrenia may involve the up-regulation of mTOR,EIF4E,and SMAD4 mRNA expression and the down-regulation of ESR1 mRNA expression in peripheral blood.

Network Pharmacology study on Mechanism of Radix Bupleuri Multi-component Synergistic Therapy for Breast Cancer

Objective: To explore the mechanism of Radix Bupleuri Treatment of Breast Cancer through network pharmacology. Methods: TCMSP Database was used and related literature was collected to screen out the active constituents of Radix Bupleuri. Multiple databases were used to search the targets of the constituents and the disease. Next, a visual map of the compound-target-path network were constructed. The protein-protein interaction network was visually analyzed. Finally, the enrichment analysis of GO biological process and pathway enrichment analysis were carried out. Results: Active compounds of Radix Bupleuri related to disease targets have been obtained,and they play therapeutic roles for breast cancer through mainly regulating target proteins such as PTGS2, NOS2, AR and ESR. Meanwhile, the active compounds of Radix Bupleuri have an impact on biological processes such as steroid receptor activity and endocrine resistance, platinum resistance, breast cancer-related signaling pathways. Hence, it plays a role in the treatment of breast cancer. Conclusion: The results of this study preliminarily validate the target and mode of Radix Bupleuri in the treatment of Breast Cancer, and lay a foundation for further revealing its mechanism of action.

Exploring the effect of Radix Bupleuri(Bupleurum chinense DC)on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease based on network pharmacology

Objective:To investigate the main effects of Radix Bupleuri(Chinese name called Chai Hu)in the prevention and improvement of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease using network pharmacology techniques.Methods:We used theTraditional Chinese Medicine Systematic Pharmacologydatabase to query the main active ingredients of Radix Bupleuri;used theDisGenet database,Treatment Target Database,and DrugBank Database to screen the targets of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease;used the matchingtraditional Chinese medicine-disease targets to build the traditional Chinese medicine-component-target network system using Cytoscape software;used STRING software to build the protein protein interactionsystem and visualized the data;DAVID database was used forgene ontologyfunctional enrichment study andKyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomespathway study.Results:Twelve major functional components and 175 targets have been obtained for the prevention and alleviation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Radix Bupleuri;network pharmacology also confirmed the maximum degree value of kaempferol,the main active component of Radix Bupleuri;geneontologyfunctional enrichment analysis obtained the top 10 entries ofbiological process,cellular component,molecular functionand Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomespathway analysis obtained the top 30 entries of the signalling pathway.Conclusion:Radix Bupleuri may use Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis,Cancer,Advanced glycation end-(receptor of advanced glycation,interleukin 17,Hepatitis B,Toxoplasmosis,Relaxin,andtumor necrosis factorsignalling pathway to regulate the inflammatory response of interleukin6,tumor necrosis factor,and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase2targets and reduce extracellular matrix deposition to improve the therapeutic effect of Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.And the active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine Radix Bupleuri,kaempferol,may also play a significant role in this.

Efficacy of bioactive compounds of Chaihu(Radix Bupleuri Chinensis)on glaucomatous optic atrophy through interleukin-6/hypoxia inducible factor-1αsignal pathway

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the bioactive compounds of Chaihu(Radix Bupleuri Chinensis)(RB)on glaucomatous optic atrophy(GOA),and to study the pharmacological mechanism.METHODS:We collected information on the bioactive compounds of RB from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP).Targets related to bioactive compounds and GOA were also obtained.Gene Ontology(GO),Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway and network analyses were performed to investigate the potential mechanism of RB against GOA.Subsequently,the main bioactive compounds of RB and targets of GOA were docked by Autodock software.Moreover,a GOA model of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)induced by cobalt chloride was established to verify the effect of RB on GOA.RESULTS:There were 17 main bioactive compounds and 46 key targets were screened as potential players in GOA.The compound-target network mainly contained 17 compounds and 46 corresponding targets,and the key targets consisted of interleukin-6(IL-6),hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF1A),Caspase-3,estrogen receptor alpha(ESR1),MYC proto-oncogene(MYC),and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA).Forty-nine significantly enriched GO terms,and 134 KEGG signaling pathways were identified(P<0.05),including HIF-1,tumor necrosis factor,VEGF,prolaction,and other signaling pathways.Molecular docking results showed that the main bioactive compounds of RB exhibited the strongest binding activity with IL-6.Furthermore,experimental validation showed that the RB extract inhibited the activity and promoted apoptosis of RGCs in a dose-dependent manner.The RB extract also suppressed the expression of Bax,Caspase-3,and Caspase-9 and regulated malonaldehyde,superoxide dismutase,and glutathione peroxide by inhibiting the IL-6/HIF-1αsignaling pathway.CONCLUSIONS:The present study provided insights into the mechanism of RB on GOA.RB mainly reverses GOA by inhibiting the IL-6/HIF-1αsignaling pathway.

Chromatographic fingerprint analysis of Bupleuri Radix by HPLC-ELSD

To facilitate the species identification and quality assessment of Chaihu （Bupleuri Radix）, a simple and valid chromatographic fingerprint method was developed. The method uses high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detector （HPLC-ELSD） and the data analysis is assisted by professional analytical software recommended by the State Food and Drug Administration （SFDA）. The results indicate that Nan Chaihu raw materials and Chaihu decoction pieces vary markedly in chemical quality, while Bei Chaihu raw materials are relatively more stable. Furthermore, it is obvious that Nan Chaihu is chemically very different from Bei Chaihu, suggesting that Nan Chaihu may not be suitable for medicinal use. In addition, the obvious differences between the chromatograms of decoction pieces and raw materials, especially the peaks between 30 and 40 rain and after 45 rain, indicate possible effects of the processing procedures on the chemicals. By analyzing the fingerprints of all samples, 12 main saponin-like fingerprint peaks, of which at least three are characteristic peaks of saikosaponins a, c, and d, are proposed to be considered for further characterization and quality evaluation of Chaihu.

柴胡-白芍配伍抗抑郁药理作用机制研究进展

抑郁症是一种常见的精神障碍,严重影响患者生存质量。目前临床西药治疗抑郁症效果不理想,需寻求新的抗抑郁药物及靶点。柴胡-白芍作为抗抑郁复方的核心和重要组成部分,两者配伍使用具有减毒增效抗抑郁作用,其机制可能与抑制炎症与氧化应激、调节单胺类神经递质、脑源性神经营养因子水平,影响下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴、多种氨基酸代谢和能量代谢等有关。本文通过综述柴胡-白芍配伍的协同效应以及抗抑郁药理作用,以期为阐明柴胡-白芍的配伍优势以及抗抑郁的作用机制提供参考。

《中医方剂大辞典》含柴胡防疫组方规律分析及核心药对治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎作用机制研究

目的预测柴胡-黄芩药对治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的潜在作用靶点及作用机制。方法收集《中医方剂大辞典》中含有柴胡的治疫病方剂,采用SPSS Statistics 25软件对其配伍用药、治疗病症进行频次统计和关联规则、聚类分析等数据挖掘。通过数据库及文献检索并筛选柴胡-黄芩的化学成分和COVID-19的靶点,并通过Cytoscape 3.9.0构建成分-靶标-通路网络。结果收集含柴胡防疫方剂442首,涉及中药334味,用药总频次4877次。网络药理学分析结果显示,柴胡-黄芩活性成分共有靶标80个,治疗COVID-19的主要成分为山柰酚、黄芩素、小檗碱、汉黄芩素、刺槐素等,核心活性基因为表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、信号转导及转录激活因子3(STAT3)、丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1(AKT1)、白细胞介素2(IL-2)等。基因本体论(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)富集分析得到3736个相关条目和230条信号通路,主要包括EGFR信号通路、缺氧诱导因子1(HIF-1)信号通路、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)信号通路、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)信号通路、核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路等。结论柴胡-黄芩药对防治COVID-19具有多成分、多靶点、多通路的作用机制,对指导柴胡在中医临床的合理应用、治未病的开发及防疫中药新药研发具有重要意义。

基于数据挖掘和网络药理学探讨中药复方治疗抑郁症的用药规律与作用机制

【目的】探讨临床中药复方治疗抑郁症的核心药物及其抗抑郁分子机制。【方法】通过中国知网、万方数据和维普网检索相关文献,筛选并整理临床使用的中药复方。通过分析用药频率和中药关联规则,确定柴胡、白芍和郁金为治疗抑郁症的核心中药。利用TCMSP数据库筛选核心药物的活性成分及靶蛋白,并从TTD、OMIM、DrugBank和GeneCards中获取抑郁症相关靶点。通过STRING和Cytoscape数据库构建蛋白质-蛋白质互作(PPI)网络和“核心药物-活性成分-交集靶点”网络,利用Metascape进行基因本体论(GO)富集和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析。分子对接分析使用RCSB数据库、AutoDockTools和PyMOL,验证关键活性成分与核心靶标的结合活性。【结果】临床中药复方治疗抑郁症的药物以寒性、甘味、苦味和辛味为主,归经以肝经为首。柴胡、白芍和郁金用药频次最高,且“白芍-柴胡”和“郁金-白芍-柴胡”组合支持度最高。PPI网络中,SLC6A4、AKT1和CHRNA4为关键靶点。GO富集分析表明,核心药物通过化学突触传递等生物过程以及G蛋白偶联受体活性等分子功能,在突触膜等部位发挥作用。KEGG通路富集分析结果显示,核心药物可能通过神经活性配体-受体相互作用、钙信号通路等治疗抑郁症。分子对接证实关键活性成分与核心靶标间有强结合活性。【结论】柴胡、白芍和郁金是临床治疗抑郁症的核心中药,其可通过多成分、多靶点、多通路治疗抑郁症。

柴胡单体、药对及其方剂配伍治疗抑郁症研究进展

抑郁症是以情绪低落、兴趣减退为核心症状的一类情感障碍类疾病,此病发病机制复杂、症状广泛、病情迁延难愈,具有高致残率、高病死率特点,严重危害个人及社会安全。目前西医治疗尚无特效药,以对症治疗为主,而研究发现中医药治疗此病具有显著优势。柴胡作为解表药,具有疏肝解郁、退热、补阳之功效,对抑郁症患者具有明确疗效。目前研究发现柴胡活性成分如柴胡皂苷、山柰酚、异鼠李素、槲皮素,柴胡药对如柴胡-郁金、柴胡-白芍、柴胡-川芎、柴胡-黄芩,柴胡配伍方剂如逍遥散、柴胡疏肝散、小柴胡汤、四逆散、柴胡加龙骨牡蛎散等抗抑郁效果显著,其机制可能与调控下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴、调节微生物-肠-脑轴、调节神经递质、抑制免疫炎性反应、调节神经细胞营养因子等有关。故该文对柴胡单体、药对、配伍方剂、中成药抗抑郁的具体机制及进展进行总结,以便为后续临床应用及实验研究提供参考。

A hepatoprotection study of Radix Bupleuri on acetaminophen-induced liver injury based on CYP450 inhibition

We investigated the potential hepatoprotective effect of Radix Bupleuri(RB) by inducing acute liver injury(ALI) in an animal model using acetaminophen(APAP) after pretreatment with RB aqueous extract for three consecutive days. Compared to those of the APAP group, the biochemical and histological results of the RB pretreatment group showed lower serum aspartate transaminase(AST) and alanine transaminase(ALT) levels as well as less liver damage. Pharmacokinetic study of the toxicity related marker acetaminophen-cysteine(APC) revealed a lower exposure level in rats, suggesting that RB alleviated APAP-induced liver damage by preventing glutathione(GSH) depletion. The results of cocktail approach showed significant inhibition of CYP2 E1 and CYP3 A activity. Further investigation revealed the increasing of CYP2 E1 and CYP3 A protein was significantly inhibited in pretreatment group,while no obvious effect on gene expression was found. Therefore, this study clearly demonstrates that RB exhibited significant protective action against APAP-induced acute live injury via pretreatment, and which is partly through inhibiting the increase of activity and translation of cytochrome P450 enzymes, rather than gene transcription.

基于倾向性评分匹配法评价调畅气机法治疗心肌桥回顾性队列研究

目的基于倾向性评分匹配法(PSM)探讨“调畅气机法”(柴胡-桔梗-枳壳-牛膝)治疗心肌桥的临床疗效。方法采用回顾性队列研究方法,选取158例心肌桥医案,将其分为暴露组与非暴露组,暴露组为接受中药汤剂中含有调畅气机法(包含柴胡-桔梗-枳壳-牛膝)的医案,非暴露组为基础类中药临症加减的医案。运用PSM进行匹配后得到样本35对。观察治疗前后中医证候积分和心电图。结果匹配后暴露组与非暴露组治疗后中医证候积分较治疗前有显著的改善(P<0.01),以暴露组改善更明显(P<0.01);匹配后暴露组的总有效率(94.29%,33/35)高于非暴露组(77.14%,27/35);暴露组的显效率(42.86,15/35%)高于非暴露组(20.00%,7/35),均差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);匹配后暴露组的心电图总有效率(37.14%,13/35)高于非暴露组(14.29%,5/35),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论“调畅气机法”治疗心肌桥疗效良好,缓解临床症状,且一定程度上减轻心电图心肌缺血改变。

基于网络药理学研究柴胡-白芍治疗宫颈高危型人乳头状瘤病毒感染的作用机制

目的:采用数据挖掘方法发掘中医药治疗宫颈高危型人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)感染的核心药对,通过网络药理学方法明确核心药对的作用机制。方法:检索中国知网、万方数据库及维普数据库获取相关文献,筛选核心药对。从中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台检索核心药对相关活性成分及靶点;通过人类孟德尔遗传综合数据库、GeneCards数据库等查询疾病相关靶点;通过Cytoscape 3.9.1软件构建核心靶点网络;基于DAVID数据库对靶点进行基因本体功能富集分析和京都基因与基因组百科全书通路富集分析。结果:共纳入文献216篇,方剂209首,中药194味,得到核心药对柴胡-白芍。筛选出柴胡的活性成分共15个、靶点433个,白芍的活性成分9个、靶点161个,两者靶点合并去重后为297个;与疾病的交集靶点116个。柴胡-白芍治疗宫颈高危型HPV感染的作用核心靶点包括蛋白激酶B(Akt)1、肿瘤坏死因子、白细胞介素6和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ等;作用机制主要通过癌症通路、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶-Akt信号通路等发挥;涉及的生物学过程主要包括基因表达的正调控、凋亡过程的负调控等。结论:本研究验证了柴胡-白芍可通过多靶点、多通路参与炎症反应与免疫调控,从而达到治疗宫颈高危型HPV病毒感染的效果。

饲料中添加柴胡及其提取物对锦鲤幼鱼生长、生理生化、肝脏抗氧化及抗菌能力的影响

试验旨在研究饲料中添加柴胡及其提取物对锦鲤幼鱼生长、生理生化、肝脏抗氧化及抗菌能力的影响。选取初始体重(21.0±0.5)g的锦鲤幼鱼360尾,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复40尾锦鲤幼鱼。K组、C组和T组锦鲤幼鱼分别饲喂基础饲料、基础饲料+5‰柴胡生粉和基础饲料+5‰柴胡提取物。试验期14 d。结果显示,锦鲤幼鱼血清中,14 d时,C组的溶菌酶(LZM)和C组、T组的碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性显著高于0 d,并显著高于K组(P<0.05)。锦鲤幼鱼肝脏中,14 d时C组的LZM、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和T组的AKP活性显著高于0 d(P<0.05)。14 d时,C组的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于0 d(P<0.05),丙二醛(MDA)含量低于0、7 d。攻毒试验中,24 h内K组锦鲤幼鱼的死亡率为41.7%;C组死亡率为18.3%,保护率为56%;T组死亡率为21.7%,保护率为48%。C组锦鲤幼鱼血清中48 h的白细胞介素-13(IL-13)含量显著高于24、96 h(P<0.05);C组、T组48 h的免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著高于24 h(P<0.05)。肝脏中,C组锦鲤幼鱼48 h的白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、IL-13和IgM含量显著高于24 h,IL-13含量显著高于K组(P<0.05)。研究表明,饲料中添加柴胡及其提取物投喂14 d可以有效提高锦鲤幼鱼的生理生化指标和抗维氏气单胞菌能力,但两者的作用时间和作用效果具有差异性,柴胡的作用效果更为突出。

基于网络药理学探讨柴胡-黄芩药对治疗病毒性肺炎的作用机制

目的 通过数据库挖掘柴胡-黄芩有效成分及作用靶点,构建药对化学成分-作用靶点与病毒性肺炎靶点网络,探讨其治疗病毒性肺炎的机制。方法 从基因数据库GeneCards、OMIM、PharmGkb、TTD、DrugBank获取病毒性肺炎疾病靶点,通过中药系统药理学数据库(TCMSP)设置查询条件:口服生物利用度(OB)≥30%、类药性(DL)≥0.18查找柴胡-黄芩药对活性成分及靶点,通过Cytoscape3.8.0软件构建药物主要化学成分-作用靶点和疾病靶点网络,并利用PPI网络构建核心进行分析,同时利用基因功能(GO)和信号通路(KEGG)分析共同作用靶点及相关信号通路。结果 从TCMSP中筛选出柴胡(17个)-黄芩(36个)药对共有53种有效活性成分,从疾病基因数据库筛选出与病毒性肺炎密切相关的靶点共计4238个,通过比对分析药对-疾病作用靶点得出柴胡-黄芩药对与病毒性肺炎存在143个相同靶点。PPI、GO、KEGG分析显示柴胡-黄芩药对通过调控PI3K-Akt信号通路、MAPK信号通路、AGE-RAGE信号通路、TNF信号通路及IL-17等信号通路作用于FOS、TP53、TNF、JUN、IL6、MYC、RELA、HIF1A、CCND1、MAPK14、AKT1等关键靶点,通过抑制细胞增殖、应激、炎症、功能同步化、凋亡等途径从而发挥病毒性肺炎的作用。结论 本研究从网络药理学的角度揭示柴胡-黄芩药对治疗病毒性肺炎多靶点的机制,对于其临床应用具有翰要的理论意义。

柴胡治疗卒中后抑郁药理研究机制进展

卒中后抑郁症是脑卒中最常见和最重要的并发症,该病发病机制繁杂,临床治疗有一定挑战性。中医学认为患者卒中后脏腑气血逆乱,风、痰、瘀等病理产物胶搏,使肝气郁滞、魂无所安而病,中医药治疗卒中后抑郁效果显著,柴胡作为肝经引经药,是治疗郁证、中风常用药,也是治疗卒中后抑郁的常用药,在临床上广泛使用,具有极大发展前景。现代药理研究发现柴胡有效成分如柴胡皂苷、山柰酚、异鼠李素、槲皮素、黄芩苷等均能发挥抗抑郁效果。文章通过对已发表的论文及实验进行梳理,结合卒中后抑郁发病机制以及柴胡药理作用为契点,对柴胡治疗卒中后抑郁药理机制进行综述。结果发现柴胡可缓解HPA轴功能障碍、减少炎症因子表达、上调脑源性神经营养因子、提高脑内5-羟色胺含量、提高细胞免疫、抑制氧化应激、减少细胞自噬、减少细胞凋亡、减轻脑缺血再灌注损害等多方面发挥治疗卒中后抑郁的作用。

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of essential oils from five parts of Chaihu(Radix Bupleuri Chinensis)

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the essential oils from flowers, leaves, stems, roots, and fruits of Chaihu(Radix Bupleuri Chinensis).METHODS: We extracted essential oils from different parts of Chaihu(Radix Bupleuri Chinensis) using a steam distillation method. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). Data were collected in full scan mode(m/z 60-600). Volatile components were identified based on their retention indices and by comparing their mass spectra with those in the National Institute of Standards and Technology 2005 database assisted by tandem mass spectrometry information. The relative content of each constituent wasdetermined by area normalization.RESULTS: We identified 111 components, of which12 were common to all 5 parts, 30 were found only in roots, 14 were found only in flowers, 6 were found only in leaves, 4 were found only in stems,and 17 were found only in fruits.CONCLUSION: Our results show that the stems,flowers, leaves, and fruits of Chaihu(Radix Bupleuri Chinensis)contain a high concentration of essential oils, and that the exact composition of the essential oils differs among the plant parts. To develop new medicines and make full use of the Chaihu(Radix Bupleuri Chinensis)resource, it is important to characterize the essential oils from different parts of the plant. In future research, it will be important to determine the pharmacological effects of the various components and the essential oil mixtures.

醋柴胡水提取液不同部位对大黄酸单次给药体内分布影响及其作用机制初探

目的考察醋柴胡不同部位对大黄酸在大鼠体内的分布及其对肝核因子1α和4α的影响,初步探讨醋柴胡肝靶向增强作用的活性部位和调控环节。方法大黄酸分别联用醋柴胡多糖(PSS)、正丁醇(BUF)、小分子部位(MHE)灌胃大鼠,给药后分别于5、15、30、90、210 min腹主动脉取血和各组织;测定血浆及组织中大黄酸和Ⅱ相代谢酶的含量,以相对靶向率(RTE)和相对摄取率(Re)评价醋柴胡各部位对大黄酸组织靶向作用的影响。结果醋柴胡3个部位均可增加大黄酸的肝靶向性,顺序为MHE>PSS>BUF。大黄酸给药后30 min,PSS和BUF部位显著降低了SULT1A的活性,MHE显著升高了肝核因子HNF1α/HNF4α含量。结论3个部位均为醋柴胡活性部位,不同部位具有不同作用机制,有待进一步探讨。

柴胡皂苷纯化工艺及动力学研究

从五种树脂中筛选出了ADS-7树脂纯化柴胡总皂苷。考察了吸附动力学行为及不同温度下的吸附与解吸效果,并优化了树脂的纯化条件。结果显示吸附趋近于拟一级动力学过程,符合Langmuir吸附等温模型,吸附过程是放热的单分子层吸附;纯化条件为:上样浓度0.20 mg/mL,体积5.0 BV,流速1.0 BV/h;解吸溶媒为70%乙醇,体积5.0 BV,流速1.0 BV/h,此条件下,两次大孔吸附树脂纯化后总皂苷含量由12.11%提高到72.11%。表明ADS-7型树脂纯化柴胡皂苷工艺可靠,为应用提供指导。

汤水福采用益气升提法治疗肾性蛋白尿经验

汤水福教授认为,慢性肾脏病肾性蛋白尿的出现乃因脾肾亏虚而致机体升清降浊功能失常,浊毒内蕴。早期以脾肾气虚为主,中后期因脾肾亏虚日久,浊毒蕴结,正虚与邪实互为因果。基于肾性蛋白尿的气机升降失调的关键病机,汤水福教授以健脾补肾法为基础,结合湿浊瘀毒弥漫三焦的邪实特点,针对性地使用祛湿、泻浊、化瘀之法,同时重视采用益气升提法以调节脾肾气机。早期在健脾益肾基础上加用升麻、柴胡等助清阳之气上升的药物,使精微得固,蛋白尿得解;中后期,病程日久,诸邪内扰,清浊逆乱,则以降浊为基础,佐以益气升提药如黄芪、白术、茯苓、山药、升麻、柴胡等,使气机升降协调,清升浊降,保护肾功能,延缓慢性肾脏病进展。