The spacing–burden(S/B) ratio plays significant role on rock fragmentation and proper utilization of explosive energy to minimize the undesirable damage.Low S/B ratio generates fine fragments due to pressure rings co...The spacing–burden(S/B) ratio plays significant role on rock fragmentation and proper utilization of explosive energy to minimize the undesirable damage.Low S/B ratio generates fine fragments due to pressure rings coalescence of two blast holes,whereas boulder generations were observed above optimum S/B ratio.Both conditions are not acceptable because of wastage of explosive energy.Therefore,to resolve this issue,a numerical model study was conducted to optimize the S/B ratio and to envisage its effect on rock fragmentation based on utilization of explosive energy.Finite element simulation tool was used to see the extent of two blast hole influence area variation with varying S/B ratio.The better results were obtained at S/B ratio of 1:2 with optimum utilization of peak explosive energy.The performance was observed based on peak kinetic energy,peak pressure,radial and hoop stresses on centre of the two blast holes,where pressure rings coalescence.展开更多
Background: Intracoronary thrombus burden is associated with some adverse events and poor prognosis in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Identifying predictors of the intracoronary thrombus burden may contribute ...Background: Intracoronary thrombus burden is associated with some adverse events and poor prognosis in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Identifying predictors of the intracoronary thrombus burden may contribute to the management of Acute Coronary Syndrome. Objective: To assess the correlation between the Monocyte to HDL Cholesterol ratio with thrombus burden in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Patients and Methods: 138 patients with ACS who were admitted to CCU department in National Heart Institute Cairoand Menoufia University Hospitals, Menoufia, underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Angiographic thrombus burden was classified based on thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) thrombus grades. The patients were grouped into 2 categories of low thrombus burden (grades 0 - 3) (49.7%) and high thrombus burden (grades 4 and 5) (50.3%). Results: On analysis we found that the MHR was significantly higher in the high thrombus burden group compared with the low thrombus (0.052 ± 0.019 vs 0.014 ± 0.008);P 0.001. Conclusion: Among Acute Coronary Syndrome patients underwent Primary PCI, MHR was independent predictor of high thrombus burden in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome.展开更多
Background:Surveying regional cancer incidence and mortality provides significant data that can assist in making health policy for local areas;however,the province- and region-based cancer burden in China is seldom re...Background:Surveying regional cancer incidence and mortality provides significant data that can assist in making health policy for local areas;however,the province- and region-based cancer burden in China is seldom reported.In this study,we estimated cancer incidence and mortality in Guangdong Province,China and presented basic information for making policies related to health resource allocation and disease control.Methods:A log-linear model was used to calculate the sex-,age-,and registry-specific ratios of incidence to mortality(l/M) based on cancer registry data from Guangzhou,Zhongshan,and Sihui between 2004 and 2008.The cancer incidences in 2009 were then estimated according to representative l/M ratios and the mortality records from eight death surveillance sites in Guangdong Province.The cancer incidences in each city were estimated by the corresponding sex- and age-specific incidences from cancer registries or death surveillance sites in each area.Finally,the total and region-based cancer incidences and mortalities for the entire population of Guangdong Province were summarized.Results:The estimated l/M ratios in Guangzhou(3.658),Zhongshan(2.153),and Sihui(1.527) were significantly different(P < 0.001),with an average l/M ratio of 2.446.Significant differences in the estimated l/M ratios were observed between distinct age groups and the three cancer registries.The estimated l/M ratio in females was significantly higher than that in males(2.864 vs.2.027,P < 0.001).It was estimated that there were 163,376 new cancer cases(99,689 males and 63,687 females) in 2009;it was further estimated that 115,049 people(75,054 males and 39,995females) died from cancer in Guangdong Province in 2009.The estimated crude and age-standardized rate of incidences(ASRI) in Guangdong Province were 231.34 and 246.87 per 100,000 males,respectively,and 156.98 and 163.57 per 100,000 females,respectively.The estimated crude and age-standardized rate of mortalities(ASRM) in Guangdong Province were 174.17 and 187.46 per 100,000 males,respectively,and 98.59 and 102.00 per 100,000 females,respectively.In comparison with the western area and the northern mountain area,higher ASRI and ASRM were recorded in the Pearl River Delta area and the eastern area in both males and females.Conclusions:Cancer imposes a heavy disease burden,and cancer patterns are unevenly distributed throughout Guangdong Province.More health resources should be allocated to cancer control,especially in the western and northern mountain areas.展开更多
目的:探讨三酰甘油与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio,TG/HDL-C)与脑小血管病(cerebral small vessel disease,CSVD)总体负担之间的关系。方法:共纳入236例CSVD患者,平均年龄(67.31...目的:探讨三酰甘油与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio,TG/HDL-C)与脑小血管病(cerebral small vessel disease,CSVD)总体负担之间的关系。方法:共纳入236例CSVD患者,平均年龄(67.31±7.54)岁。CSVD对大脑的整体影响采用CSVD总体负担描述。根据TG/HDL-C中位值将患者分成低TG/HDL-C组(<1.28)和高TG/HDL-C组(≥1.28),比较两组的基线特征。通过有序Logistic回归分析探讨TG/HDL-C与CSVD总体负担的相关性。采用Jonckheere-Terpstra检验评估TG/HDL-C和CSVD总体负担之间是否存在线性趋势。结果:高TG/HDL-C组患者无症状性腔隙性梗死、中-重度白质高信号、深部脑微出血、中-重度血管周围间隙扩大的比例高于低TG/HDL-C组(P<0.05)。在调整年龄、高血压和其他可能的预测因素后,以低TG/HDL-C作为参考,高TG/HDL-C是CSVD总体负担的独立危险因素(OR=2.093,95%CI:1.270~3.448,P=0.004)。TG/HDL-C水平与CSVD总体负担之间呈剂量依赖性正相关(趋势P<0.001)。结论:高TG/HDL-C与CSVD总体负担密切相关。展开更多
Objective To define TB control priorities using cost-effectiveness and burden of disease.Methods An assumed cohort of 2 000 cases was set up based on age-specific incidence of 794 newly registered smear-positive cas...Objective To define TB control priorities using cost-effectiveness and burden of disease.Methods An assumed cohort of 2 000 cases was set up based on age-specific incidence of 794 newly registered smear-positive cases in Beijing in1994.Prognostic trees and model diagrams of infectivity with natural history and DOTS intervention were constructed based on the epidemiological parameters.Results DOTS reduced 89.19% of YLL,78.90% of YLD,and 99.98% of infectivity BOD.One DALY could be saved with 45.70% Yuan by DOTS with 3% discount.Sensitivity analysis showed that discount had effect on CER.Weight of age was insensitive to CER.The higher the DOTS coured rate,the more the cost-effectiveness.Conclusions DOTS is a good cost-effectiveness TB control strategy.Cost-effectiveness and burden of disease can be used to define TB control priorities.展开更多
文摘The spacing–burden(S/B) ratio plays significant role on rock fragmentation and proper utilization of explosive energy to minimize the undesirable damage.Low S/B ratio generates fine fragments due to pressure rings coalescence of two blast holes,whereas boulder generations were observed above optimum S/B ratio.Both conditions are not acceptable because of wastage of explosive energy.Therefore,to resolve this issue,a numerical model study was conducted to optimize the S/B ratio and to envisage its effect on rock fragmentation based on utilization of explosive energy.Finite element simulation tool was used to see the extent of two blast hole influence area variation with varying S/B ratio.The better results were obtained at S/B ratio of 1:2 with optimum utilization of peak explosive energy.The performance was observed based on peak kinetic energy,peak pressure,radial and hoop stresses on centre of the two blast holes,where pressure rings coalescence.
文摘Background: Intracoronary thrombus burden is associated with some adverse events and poor prognosis in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Identifying predictors of the intracoronary thrombus burden may contribute to the management of Acute Coronary Syndrome. Objective: To assess the correlation between the Monocyte to HDL Cholesterol ratio with thrombus burden in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Patients and Methods: 138 patients with ACS who were admitted to CCU department in National Heart Institute Cairoand Menoufia University Hospitals, Menoufia, underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Angiographic thrombus burden was classified based on thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) thrombus grades. The patients were grouped into 2 categories of low thrombus burden (grades 0 - 3) (49.7%) and high thrombus burden (grades 4 and 5) (50.3%). Results: On analysis we found that the MHR was significantly higher in the high thrombus burden group compared with the low thrombus (0.052 ± 0.019 vs 0.014 ± 0.008);P 0.001. Conclusion: Among Acute Coronary Syndrome patients underwent Primary PCI, MHR was independent predictor of high thrombus burden in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome.
基金supported by the Project of Guangdong Science and Technique Plan(No.2012B031800104)Sun Yat-sen University 5010 Clinical Project(No.2013012)
文摘Background:Surveying regional cancer incidence and mortality provides significant data that can assist in making health policy for local areas;however,the province- and region-based cancer burden in China is seldom reported.In this study,we estimated cancer incidence and mortality in Guangdong Province,China and presented basic information for making policies related to health resource allocation and disease control.Methods:A log-linear model was used to calculate the sex-,age-,and registry-specific ratios of incidence to mortality(l/M) based on cancer registry data from Guangzhou,Zhongshan,and Sihui between 2004 and 2008.The cancer incidences in 2009 were then estimated according to representative l/M ratios and the mortality records from eight death surveillance sites in Guangdong Province.The cancer incidences in each city were estimated by the corresponding sex- and age-specific incidences from cancer registries or death surveillance sites in each area.Finally,the total and region-based cancer incidences and mortalities for the entire population of Guangdong Province were summarized.Results:The estimated l/M ratios in Guangzhou(3.658),Zhongshan(2.153),and Sihui(1.527) were significantly different(P < 0.001),with an average l/M ratio of 2.446.Significant differences in the estimated l/M ratios were observed between distinct age groups and the three cancer registries.The estimated l/M ratio in females was significantly higher than that in males(2.864 vs.2.027,P < 0.001).It was estimated that there were 163,376 new cancer cases(99,689 males and 63,687 females) in 2009;it was further estimated that 115,049 people(75,054 males and 39,995females) died from cancer in Guangdong Province in 2009.The estimated crude and age-standardized rate of incidences(ASRI) in Guangdong Province were 231.34 and 246.87 per 100,000 males,respectively,and 156.98 and 163.57 per 100,000 females,respectively.The estimated crude and age-standardized rate of mortalities(ASRM) in Guangdong Province were 174.17 and 187.46 per 100,000 males,respectively,and 98.59 and 102.00 per 100,000 females,respectively.In comparison with the western area and the northern mountain area,higher ASRI and ASRM were recorded in the Pearl River Delta area and the eastern area in both males and females.Conclusions:Cancer imposes a heavy disease burden,and cancer patterns are unevenly distributed throughout Guangdong Province.More health resources should be allocated to cancer control,especially in the western and northern mountain areas.
文摘目的:探讨三酰甘油与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio,TG/HDL-C)与脑小血管病(cerebral small vessel disease,CSVD)总体负担之间的关系。方法:共纳入236例CSVD患者,平均年龄(67.31±7.54)岁。CSVD对大脑的整体影响采用CSVD总体负担描述。根据TG/HDL-C中位值将患者分成低TG/HDL-C组(<1.28)和高TG/HDL-C组(≥1.28),比较两组的基线特征。通过有序Logistic回归分析探讨TG/HDL-C与CSVD总体负担的相关性。采用Jonckheere-Terpstra检验评估TG/HDL-C和CSVD总体负担之间是否存在线性趋势。结果:高TG/HDL-C组患者无症状性腔隙性梗死、中-重度白质高信号、深部脑微出血、中-重度血管周围间隙扩大的比例高于低TG/HDL-C组(P<0.05)。在调整年龄、高血压和其他可能的预测因素后,以低TG/HDL-C作为参考,高TG/HDL-C是CSVD总体负担的独立危险因素(OR=2.093,95%CI:1.270~3.448,P=0.004)。TG/HDL-C水平与CSVD总体负担之间呈剂量依赖性正相关(趋势P<0.001)。结论:高TG/HDL-C与CSVD总体负担密切相关。
文摘Objective To define TB control priorities using cost-effectiveness and burden of disease.Methods An assumed cohort of 2 000 cases was set up based on age-specific incidence of 794 newly registered smear-positive cases in Beijing in1994.Prognostic trees and model diagrams of infectivity with natural history and DOTS intervention were constructed based on the epidemiological parameters.Results DOTS reduced 89.19% of YLL,78.90% of YLD,and 99.98% of infectivity BOD.One DALY could be saved with 45.70% Yuan by DOTS with 3% discount.Sensitivity analysis showed that discount had effect on CER.Weight of age was insensitive to CER.The higher the DOTS coured rate,the more the cost-effectiveness.Conclusions DOTS is a good cost-effectiveness TB control strategy.Cost-effectiveness and burden of disease can be used to define TB control priorities.
