日本钢铁业研究的减排CO_2炼铁新技术

日本钢铁业在减排CO2的炼铁技术开发中,近期主要以开发新型炉料为主,新型炉料包括高反应性焦炭、铁焦复合球团、预还原烧结矿等;长期主要以氢气还原铁矿石的高炉炼铁技术为主,还包括与氢还原相配套的新型焦炭技术等。本文介绍了高反应性焦炭、铁焦复合球团和预还原烧结矿对高炉降低还原剂比的作用及其在高炉中的用法,阐述了氢气还原铁矿石的高炉炼铁技术及与之相配套的新型焦炭技术的研究进展,指出我们应借鉴其高反应性焦炭概念、在矿焦混装时使用高反应性焦炭,以及应着手开发类似HPC的粘结剂技术。

Softening and melting behaviors of ferrous burden in hydrogen-rich blast furnace cohesive zone

The changes in the softening and melting behaviors of ferrous burden in the cohesive zone and the characteristics of the slag–iron–coke interface in a blast furnace were investigated by simulating an actual blast furnace under hydrogen-rich conditions.According to the variation in the transient shrinkage of the burden under different atmospheres,the shrinkage start temperature of the sinter was higher than that of the pellets.The negative shrinkage rate of the pellets was greater than that of the sinter.Additionally,the softening start temperature in the blast furnace decreased under hydrogen-rich conditions,giving the blast furnace a broader range of softening zones.The softening start temperatures of the pellets and sinter decreased from 1102 to 949℃ and 1152 to 1080℃,respectively.The hydrogen-rich traditional blast furnace conditions narrowed the melting zone temperature range and shifted it toward the high-temperature zone,significantly improving the burden layer permeability.However,under the hydrogen-rich oxygen blast furnace conditions,there were a decrease in the melting start temperature,a shift of the melting zone location to the low-temperature zone,and an increase in the burden layer permeability and pressure difference.A comparison of the slag–iron–coke interface characteristics under different atmospheric conditions showed that the carbon content in metallic iron decreased under hydrogen-rich traditional blast furnace conditions compared with traditional blast furnace conditions.Contrastingly,under hydrogen-rich oxygen blast furnace conditions,the carbon content in metallic iron increased compared with oxygen blast furnace conditions.These findings provide guidance for the development of low-carbon ironmaking processes in blast furnaces.

H_(2)含量对高球比炉料还原行为的影响

为了研究H_(2)含量对高炉高球比炉料还原行为的影响,针对首钢京唐公司高球比炉料结构,进行不同H_(2)含量下的还原试验和粉化试验,并与传统高烧比炉料进行对比分析。结果表明,在还原气体中H_(2)体积分数由0%增加至10%的过程中,高球比炉料的失重量、还原度、还原速率和金属化率均提高,球团之间的黏结现象减弱;同时,900℃还原条件下,在还原气体中加入H_(2)会使高球比炉料的粉化现象减弱。可见,与传统高烧比炉料相比,在还原气体中加入H_(2)更能发挥高球比炉料的优势。研究结果可为高炉高球比炉料结构下富氢冶炼提供参考。

富氢气氛下不同含铁炉料的还原行为

高炉低碳富氢冶炼技术如高炉喷吹煤粉、富氢燃料等会导致炉内炉腹煤气中氢气体积分数增加,为探究富氢对高炉上部炉料的影响,对富氢条件下不同含铁炉料的还原行为进行了试验研究。粉化试验结果表明,在20%H2(体积分数)条件下,块矿和烧结矿的粉化率明显改善,RDI>3.15mm分别增加了11.08%和30.23%,同时富氢条件有利于含铁炉料粒度的均匀化。还原试验结果表明,在CO体积分数不变、改变H2加入量条件下,球团矿和烧结矿还原度最高时的H2体积分数为25%,块矿H2体积分数则为10%。在保持(CO+H2)体积分数30%不变、改变H2加入量时,当H2体积分数超过20%时,各含铁炉料的还原度均超过90%。扫描电镜分析结果表明,还原后的块矿明显生成渣相和铁相,球团矿出现良好的赤铁矿和磁铁矿相,烧结矿则呈"针状铁酸钙相-磁铁矿相-铁相"分层现象。

鼓风条件及块矿比例对炉料软熔性能的影响

为了研究不同鼓风条件下块矿比例对高炉含铁炉料软熔性能的影响,计算模拟了3种鼓风条件下的温度和气体含量并使用高温熔滴炉研究了块矿比例对含铁炉料软熔性能的影响,进而进行综合炉料结构优化的分析。结果表明,富氧、加湿鼓风条件下,氢气含量增加,能有效降低炉内最大压差,窄化熔融区间,改善炉内透气性;富氧、加湿鼓风条件下,块矿比例的增加虽然会导致炉内最大压差和软熔区间的增大,但是最大压差的绝对值仍远小于基准条件下的最大压差值,软熔带宽度也小于基准条件下的宽度。可以得知,在富氧和加湿鼓风条件下适当增加块矿比例,综合炉料软熔性能仍然优于基准条件,且能降低高炉生产成本,对于炉料结构是一种有效的优化措施。