Comparison between the Seismic Performance of Buried Pipes and Pipes in a Utility Tunnel

A utility tunnel system consists of pipes and ancillary facilities.In this paper,a finite element model of a concrete utility tunnel with pipes inside is established.Several tunnel segments were built to simulate a real utility tunnel,while the pipe was fixed by springs on the brackets in the utility tunnel.Using the discrete soil spring element to simulate the soil-structure interaction,actual earthquake records were adopted as excitation to analyze the seismic responses of pipes in a utility tunnel.Moreover,the influences of different parameters,including soil type,earthquake records,and field apparent wave velocity on the seismic responses of the utility tunnel and the pipes inside were studied.Finally,the seismic responses of buried pipes were analyzed and compared with those of pipes in a utility tunnel to evaluate the seismic performance of pipes for two working conditions.

Centrifuge modeling of PGD response of buried pipe

A new centrifuge based method for determining the response of continuous buried pipe to PGD is presented. The physical characteristics of the RPI's 100 g-ton geotechnical centrifuge and the current lifeline experiment split-box are described: The split-box contains the model pipeline and surrounding soil and is manufactured such that half can be offset, in flight, simulating PGD. In addition, governing similitude relations which allow one to determine the physical characteristics, (diameter, wall thickness and material modulus of elasticity) of the model pipeline are presented. Finally, recorded strains induced in two buried pipes with prototype diameters of 0.63 m and 0.95 m (24 and 36 inch) subject to 0.6 and 2.0 meters (2 and 6 feet) of full scale fault offsets and presented and compared to corresponding FE results.

Influence of Shear Effects on the Characteristics of Axisymmetric Wave Propagation in a Buried Fluid‑Filled Pipe

The acoustic propagation characteristics of axisymmetric waves have been widely used in leak detection of fluid-filled pipes.The related acoustic methods and equipment are gradually coming to the market,but their theoretical research obviously lags behind the field practice,which seriously restricts the breakthrough and innovation of this technology.Based on the fully three-dimensional effect of the surrounding medium,a coupled motion equation of axisymmetric wave of buried liquid-filled pipes is derived in detail,a contact coefficient is used to express the coupling strength between surrounding medium and pipe,then,a general equation of motion was derived which contain the pipe soil lubrication contact,pipe soil compact contact and pipe in water and air.Finally,the corresponding numerical calculation model is established and solved used numerical method.The shear effects of the surrounding medium and the shear effects at the interface between surrounding medium and pipe are discussed in detail.The output indicates that the surrounding medium is to add mass to the pipe wall,but the shear effect is to add stiffness.With the consideration of the contact strength between the pipe and the medium,the additional mass and the pipe wall will resonate at a specific frequency,resulting in a significant increase in the radiation wave to the surrounding medium.The research contents have great guiding effect on the theory of acoustic wave propagation and the engineering application of leak detection technology in the buried pipe.

Analysis of mechanical behaviors of big pipe roof for shallow buried large-span tunnel

A series of researches on mechanical behaviors of big pipe roof for shallow large-span loess tunnel were carried out based on the Wenxiang tunnel in Zhengzhou—Xi'an Special Passenger Railway. The longitudinal deformations of the pipe roofs were monitored and the mechanical behaviors of the pipe roofs were analyzed at the test section. A new double-parameter elastic foundation beam model for pipe roof in shallow tunnels was put forward in Wenxiang tunnel. The measured values and the calculation results agreed well with each other,revealing the force-deformation law of big pipe roof in loess tunnel:At about 15 m in front of the excavating face,the pipe roof starts to bear the load;at about 15 m behind the excavating face,the force of the pipe roof tends to be stabilized;the longitudinal deformation of the whole pipe roofs is groove-shaped distribution,and the largest force of pipe roofs is at the excavating face. Simultaneously,the results also indicate that mechanical behaviors of pipe roof closely relate to the location of the excavation face,the footage of the tunnelling cycle and the mechanics parameters of pipe roof and rock. The conclusions can be reference for the design parameter optimization and the construction scheme selection of pipe roofs,and have been verified by the result of numerical analysis software FLAC3Dand deformation monitoring.

Sensitivity Analysis of Buried Jointed Pipelines Subjected to Earthquake Waves

In this study, a number of nonlinear time-history dynamic analyses are conducted on a part of Tehran water distribution network to investigate its functionality during transient large ground motions. The network is of 950-meter length, consisting of ductile iron pipes segments of 6-meter length. Pipes are modeled using beam elements and springs characterize the connections. Considering the time lag between support inputs, and the nonlinear soil-pipe interaction, by scaling the amplitude of the Tab as earthquake record, incremental dynamic analysis is carried out on the network in two orthogonal directions and the sensitivity of the network response is examined. Furthermore, the effects of variations in soil damping and soil spring stiffness are also studied in the network analysis. Finally the effect of changes in angle between incoming wave and pipeline is considered on a simplified network. Results show that the points other than critical ones at network intersections remain almost intact and when the angle of incidence is 30 degrees the stress and rotation peak.

交通载荷作用下埋地含缺陷玻璃钢管道力学行为研究

为分析含缺陷玻璃钢管道在交通载荷作用下的力学行为,基于ABAQUS有限元软件建立了含不同形状缺陷管道模型和不同埋深管土模型,研究了不同埋深、不同载荷及缺陷深度对管道不同层中截面沿环向应力分布规律的影响。结果表明,无缺陷管道各层应力分布均匀,含缺陷管道内区域层应力沿管材缠绕方向集中于缺陷对称角处;管道仅含轴向缺陷时管体应力峰值与应力突变幅度最大;缺陷相对深度对管道应力峰值影响较大。

基于单元生死技术的埋地管道塌陷过程力学分析

为解决埋地管道塌陷发育过程中管周土动态流失的非线性问题,首先,采用数值分析方法构建穿越塌陷区的管-土非线性耦合模型,并应用单元生死技术模拟土体流失过程;其次,依托试验实测数据及规范验证模型,分析不同塌陷阶段埋地管道的应力变形特征;然后,研究埋地管道遭受土体塌陷作用下的破坏机制,确定埋地管道的控制应力及危险截面;最后,通过分析管土接触,探讨管土相互作用揭示埋地管道塌陷动态演化过程及力学特征。结果表明:轴向应力为控制应力,跨中管底为控制点,跨中截面为危险截面,过度的拉应力是埋地管道失效的主要原因;证实管土分离现象的存在,且在塌陷深度达到48 mm时管土分离;随着塌陷过程的进展,管-土结构从开始变形到埋地管道受拉破坏的全过程分为3个阶段,即顶部受压阶段、过渡阶段和底部受拉阶段,塌陷深度80与160 mm为分界点;塌陷深度达到59 mm时,管顶应力在跨中位置处实现谷值到峰值的转变;塌陷深度达到80 mm时,摩擦应力出现。

横向滑坡载荷作用下埋地PE管道的损伤数值模拟

埋地燃气输送管道服役环境复杂,其中滑坡地质灾害严重威胁管道的服役安全。以埋地聚乙烯(polyethylene,PE)管道为研究对象,利用ABAQUS有限元软件模拟了横向滑坡载荷作用下的管道损伤行为,探讨了滑坡参数(滑坡体位移量)、管道埋深以及内压对PE管力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:滑坡作用下埋地PE管最大偏移、最大Mises应力和最大主应变均位于管轴向横截对称面上。管道最大Mises应力随滑坡位移的增大而增大,管底为管道最终屈服点,屈服主要原因为管横截面被压扁变形。管道未屈服时,最大Mises应力随内压的增大呈现先减小后增大的现象,最大主应变随内压的增大而增大。最大Mises应力和最大主应变均随埋深的增大而增大。

基于土壤分层的双U型地埋管出口温度及土壤温度场研究

目的 探究在土壤分层和地下水渗流条件下地埋管的出口温度以及传热规律。方法 基于多孔介质理论建立分层岩土体瞬态三维模型,分析土壤的初始温度、地下水渗流、回填材料种类对地埋管出口温度及土壤温度场的影响。结果 土壤初始温度为290.15 K时,热泵运行30 d后地埋管的出口温度最高,达到280.43 K;三种常用的回填材料中沙土的换热效果最好,黏土作为回填材料时,地埋管附近出现明显的冷量堆积;地下水渗流速度达到200 m/a时,地埋管出口温度为280.85 K,相较于不存在地下水渗流时的出口温度增加了0.51 K。结论 土壤初始温度、地下水渗流速度均与地埋管出口温度呈正相关;土壤温度场的变化在一定程度上取决于回填材料的种类及热物性;地下水渗流的存在能够消除土壤冷量的堆积,在地埋管敷设时应适当增加沿着渗流方向管间距离。

中深层地埋管热泵供热系统运行特性实测研究

通过大量工程实测研究,总结了中深层地埋管热泵供热技术的运行特性。中深层地埋管具有出水温度高、取热功率大、长期运行稳定的特点,为热泵系统提供了高品位的低温热源,以提升其运行性能;同时中深层地埋管自身存在间歇蓄热特性,能很好地满足建筑供热需求变化与柔性用能;无级变频热泵机组更适合与中深层地埋管匹配运行,节能减排效果显著;热源侧水系统具有小流量、大扬程,且阻力随着流量变化而大幅度变化的特性。研究结果可为提升该技术的供热性能提供关键指导。

深层埋管换热技术研究热点与发展趋势分析

为动态分析深层埋管换热领域研究热点与前沿发展趋势,运用可视化知识图谱分析软件,将近23年CNKI和WOS数据库中与深层埋管研究相关的学术性文献作为数据源,分别从发文量、国际核心机构和关键词等进行文献计量与内容分析,解析该领域的研究热点和前沿分析。研究结果表明:2000年以来深层埋管研究领域的文献发文量逐步上升,核心作者及机构之间的合作仅为单线或团队内部之间,跨机构之间较少;研究热点和趋势具有阶段性特征,不同阶段的研究重点不同。随着地热能+、“双碳”目标和“十四五”可再生能源发展规划等一系列战略决策及清洁能源高效利用理念的提出,深层埋管换热领域的研究热点更聚焦于交叉学科的渗透和技术方法的创新,国内深层埋管换热技术未来的发展趋势表现为开采技术突破、换热器类型及材质方面的创新与探索、研究方法优化和外扩中深层地热、综合效益评价等新的研究方向,国外则侧重于换热性能、热泵系统、深层埋管换热器和数值模拟等方向。相关数据可为深层埋管换热技术相关学者的研究工作提供借鉴。

考虑管道自重荷载的埋地钢管结构计算方法

埋地钢管在重大引调水工程中应用越发广泛,作为整个工程的生命线,保证其结构安全至关重要。然而,目前埋地钢管的结构计算方法仍然较为粗略,常忽略管道自重荷载。针对此,采用理论分析方法,在Spangler模型理论基础上,构建出考虑管道自重荷载的新计算方法,并与传统计算方法和有限元法结果比较分析。结果表明:新计算方法仅需在原计算公式的分子项上增加管重项,较为简单方便;管道自重对变形增幅的影响基本上不超过20%,对管径大且埋深小的管道,应予以考虑,而对管径<1 m或埋深>4 m的管道,可以忽略;新计算方法与有限元法得出的变形结果规律性较好,一般情况下其计算精度较传统方法更高,并且同样适用于其他类型的埋地柔性管道。

埋地管线数值模拟中土体计算区域的选取问题研究

详细论述了动力无限元基本理论,提出了一种在非一致激励时无限元边界面上地震动的输入方法。在此基础上,考虑管线-土体之间的黏结滑移效应,采用动力无限元边界,建立了埋地管线的三维有限元-无限元耦合的精细化模型,对非一致地震波激励下埋地管线的动力响应进行了数值分析,对管线周围的土体计算范围的取值进行了系统研究,给出了管线周围土体的有效计算宽度W、有效计算长度L和有效计算深度H的取值范围。结果表明:W的取值与管径D紧密相关,H可取30~60 m,L应至少包含一个地震动的卓越周期段的波长,此分析结果可满足大多数工程需求。

荷载作用下砂土边坡-管道相互作用试验研究

随着我国西气东输、南水北调等重大工程的快速推进,埋地管道不可避免地会穿越高陡山区,并受到区域地形地貌的影响,而关于边坡-管道相互作用机制的认识还相对滞后,相关研究亟需加强。基于分布式光纤应变传感(distributed strain sensing,简称DSS)、粒子图像测速(particle image velocimetry,简称PIV)技术,开展加载工况下砂土边坡-管道相互作用的室内模型试验,探究了临坡地基极限承载力的影响因素,并研究了不同坡角下边坡土体变形破坏机制及埋地管道的结构响应特征。研究结果表明:(1)临坡地基经历了弹性压密、局部剪切和整体破坏3个阶段,并呈现不对称楔形破坏模式;(2)临坡地基极限承载力随着坡角的增大呈减小趋势,同一坡角下埋地管道的存在会降低临坡地基极限承载力;(3)管道对边坡滑裂面形成路径的影响程度随着坡角的增大而变大;(4)在荷载作用下埋地管道横截面环向应变呈“椭圆化”分布,据此提出了管周界面土抗力的简化计算模型与椭圆度计算式。相关结论对边坡-管道系统的变形控制与结构设计有一定的参考和借鉴意义。

冷热原油顺序输送管道热应力与疲劳寿命分析

近年来,随着国外原油进口量的持续攀升以及国内油田产量的下降,管道输送出现了不同油品需要用同一条输油管线共同输送的情况。以庆铁四线管道为例,结合实际参数,应用ANSYS有限元分析方法,采用六面体结构性网格对管壁进行离散化处理,对埋地管道热结构耦合问题进行求解,分别计算了直管段和弯管段在不同温度下的热应力;基于断裂力学理论,计算了不同服役寿命下的年循环周期极限,分析了温度交替变化对管道疲劳寿命的影响。实验结果为冷热原油管道安全输送提供了理论依据。

土壤源热泵地埋管侧水系统优化运行研究

本文基于江苏无锡某典型厂房土壤源热泵空调项目的实测数据,以地源侧系统总能耗最低为目标,构建设备模型对地源水泵运行工况进行优化,并与两种传统控制策略的运行效果进行对比,据此提出进一步的优化建议。结果表明:基于负荷的优化控制策略,其节能效果要明显优于定频控制策略,冬夏季典型测试日平均节能率分别为28.33%和13.27%,相比于5℃温差变频策略节能了3.61%和2.21%。适当增大地埋管的埋管深度或管径,可以进一步提升该优化控制策略的节能效果。传统的定温差控制策略在负荷率大于60%时,可在5℃基础上将温差增加1~5℃以提升节能效果。

冲击作用双点腐蚀埋地管道力学分析

受落石冲击作用的埋地管道极易造成巨大损害,严重影响管道安全运行。受环境和输送介质影响,长输管道腐蚀产生往往不以单一缺陷出现,当管道上产生两个或多个缺陷时可能导致情况更加复杂。结合国内外研究现状,采用ABAQUS软件构建环向和轴向双点腐蚀有限元模型,对管道内压、落石冲击速度、腐蚀缺陷尺寸等参数进行力学分析。研究结果表明:轴向和环向双点腐蚀应力应变变化规律曲线大致相似,轴向双点腐蚀敏感性高,更易遭受破坏失效。管道内压、缺陷深度和落石冲击速度对双点腐蚀管道影响显著,腐蚀加深极易造成管道破坏失效,腐蚀长度和腐蚀宽度对管道应力应变影响较小。对于途经崩塌区的管道,可采取增加壁厚、管道埋深和设置防护网等措施,降低管道遭受落石冲击危害,有效提升管道整体安全性。

基于PCA-BPNN模型的埋地管道腐蚀速率预测研究

为了更加准确可靠地预测埋地管道的腐蚀速率,融合PCA分析法和多隐层BP人工神经网络模拟方法进行研究.选取陕西省某油气公司的埋地输油管道,构建8维度外腐蚀指标体系,在PCA-多隐层BPNN模型中模拟训练得到结果.通过PCA预处理将外腐蚀指标体系降为3维,以便减少多元素信息带来的耦合影响,模拟得到隐藏层参数最优的BPNN模型,预测腐蚀速率,求出预测值精确度,统计得到改进后方法精确度大于95%的个数是单一BP方法的2.5倍.为了检验PCA-多隐层BPNN方法的鲁棒性,另取20组数据代入验证,再次证实了PCA-多隐层BPNN模型所得的误差更小,更能满足实际工程需要.

沟埋式管道垂直土压力模拟试验研究

为研究沟埋式管道的垂直土压力,以甘肃某大型管道工程为研究背景,采用PFC3D数值分析方法,建立埋地管道三维离散元模型,模拟土体工后沉降过程中管土相互作用过程,分析不同埋深、管径条件下的管顶土压力分布规律和管顶垂直土压力,并与现场试验和理论计算进行对比验证。结果表明:沉降过程中土颗粒位移持续增大,最后趋于稳定,在管顶位置与土的接触处力达到最大。现场试验和数值模拟所得的管顶土压力分布规律一致,近似呈“中间大,两侧小”的抛物线分布形式,管顶垂直土压力随管道埋深的增加而增大。管径对管顶垂直土压力的影响较小,整体随着管径增大呈现出逐渐减小的趋势。数值模拟与折学森土压力计算理论更为接近,Marston计算理论偏于保守。