耐辐射甲基杆菌JB18对菊苣幼苗生长及抗性的影响

为探究铅镉抗性菌株JB18对菊苣(Cichorium intybus L)幼苗的影响,在不同铅镉复合浓度胁迫土壤中种植菊苣。将菌株JB18接种到菊苣根部周围,测定菊苣幼苗部分生长指标、光合作用参数、抗氧化酶活性、蔗糖含量、蔗糖代谢酶的活性及基因表达量。结果表明:接种菌株JB18后,提高了菊苣幼苗含水量、抗坏血酸含量、叶绿素含量、胞间CO_(2)浓度、蒸腾速率、净光合速率、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性,显著减少菊苣内丙二醛及铅镉含量。蔗糖合酶、蔗糖磷酸合酶、蔗糖转化酶活性显著提升,菌株JB18促进了叶片中蔗糖积累。RT-qPCR结果显示,受Pb-Cd胁迫并接种JB18的菊苣幼苗中SS和SPS基因的相对表达量与对照组相比,分别上调2.1倍和5.6倍。因此,菌株JB18能够提高受铅镉复合胁迫下菊苣幼苗植株光合作用速率和抗氧化能力,上调蔗糖代谢相关基因的表达,促进蔗糖的积累,提高菊苣幼苗的铅镉抗性。

基于电荷耦合效应的超级结JBS二极管的仿真分析

为提升现代单极型功率二极管的性能,进一步突破“硅极限”,通过加大传统JBS二极管中P+区结深,引入超级结结构以减薄芯片厚度,缓解传统单极型器件通态压降与反向阻断电压之间的矛盾,提高单位面积器件的导通电流密度。使用数值方法分析了超级结JBS二极管中P柱区浓度、N柱区宽度和N柱区浓度对正向导通特性以及反向阻断特性的影响,应用电场耦合效应理论分析了超级结JBS二极管的正向导通和反向阻断机理,设计了一款300 V的超级结JBS二极管。

Maternal Burnout: Prevalence and Associated Factors in Northern Benin (2023)

Introduction: Also known as maternal burnout syndrome, maternal burnout is a state of physical, emotional and mental exhaustion generated by prolonged stress in the family environment. It is experienced by women in their role as mothers. Those affected can develop psychological disorders, sleep disturbances, etc., all of which impair their day-to-day lives, and thus their maternal role. The repercussions affect both the child and other family members. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate maternal burnout among female users of public and private health facilities in the commune of Parakou in 2023. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to July 2023 among all mothers using public and private health facilities in the commune of Parakou. All healthy mothers with at least one biological or adoptive child fully dependent on them and living at home, who came for a consultation in one of the health facilities or for an appointment at the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) and gave their free and informed consent. Sampling was done for non-exhaustive convenience were included in the study. Burnout was assessed using the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) scale. Results: A total of 888 mothers meeting the inclusion criteria were surveyed. The prevalence of burnout calculated using the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) scale was 6.19%. The risk factors for maternal burnout were poor relationships with family and friends (OR = 8.90;p = 0.045), moderate (OR = 11.71;p = 0.020) and severe depression (OR = 40.85;p = 0.001), followed by the presence of repeated nocturnal awakening (OR = 5.14;p = 0.014). Conclusion: This is a subject that is almost never discussed in African society, but whose reality is revealed by the present study, which provided statistical data on maternal burnout. From now on, the risk of burnout will no longer be discussed solely in the family context. It will also need to be explored within the family unit to prevent its deleterious consequences for children and adults alike.

Virtual reality for preoperative patient education: Impact on satisfaction, usability, and burnout from the perspective of new nurses

BACKGROUND Traditional paper-based preoperative patient education is a struggle for new nurses and requires extensive training.In this situation,virtual reality technology can help the new nurses.Despite its potential benefits,there are studies on patient satisfaction but there is limited information on the usability of virtual reality(VR)technology for new nurses in giving preoperative education to patients.AIM To investigate the impact on satisfaction,usability,and burnout of a system using VR technology in preoperative patient education.METHODS The study involved 20 nurses from the plastic surgery ward and 80 patients admitted between April and May 2019.Each nurse taught four patients:Two using traditional verbal education and two using virtual reality.The System Usability Scale,After-Scenario Questionnaire,and Maslach Burnout Inventory(MBI)were employed to evaluate the impact of these education methods.RESULTS The VR education groups showed a statistically higher satisfaction than the traditional verbal education groups.Among the three subscales of the MBI,emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment improved statistically significantly.VR was also better in terms of usability.CONCLUSION This study suggests VR enhances usability and reduces burnout in nurses,but further research is needed to assess its impact on depersonalization and objective measures like stress and heart rate.

The Influence of Preschool Teachers’Social Skills on Job Burnout:A Moderated Mediation Model

Background:Teacher burnout is a serious issue in the field of education,particularly in early childhood education,where teachers face high levels of work stress and emotional labor,leading to emotional exhaustion and job burnout.However,past research has not sufficiently explored the mechanisms of social skills,empathy,and mindfulness in mitigating teacher burnout.Therefore,this study aims to investigate the relationship between preschool teachers’social skills,empathy,and mindfulness with job burnout,in order to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for reducing teacher burnout.Methods:This research utilized a convenience sampling approach to target preschool teachers for a questionnaire survey.A total of 1109 questionnaires were collected.To ensure the quality of the data,we excluded questionnaires that were not carefully filled out in terms of lie scale questions,those with abnormal demographic variables,and outliers identified based on response time.Ultimately,901 valid questionnaires were obtained,achieving a valid response rate of 81.2%.Participants’levels of social skills,empathy,mindfulness,and job burnout were assessed using the Social Skills Scale(SKS),Empathy Scale(Measure of Empathy,ME),Mindful Attention Awareness Scale(MAAS),and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey(MBI-ES),respectively.Data analysis was conducted using SPSS.Results:After controlling for gender,age,teaching experience,educational level,grade taught,and location of the kindergarten,the study found:(1)There is a negative correlation between preschool teachers’social skills and the level of job burnout(r=−0.238);(2)Empathy has a dual-track effect on job burnout,where cognitive empathy negatively affects job burnout(r=−0.245),while emotional empathy has a positive effect(r=0.045);(3)Cognitive empathy partially mediates the relationship between social skills and job burnout(β=−0.124);(4)Mindfulness significantly impacts social skills,cognitive empathy,and job burnout(r=0.278;r=0.286;r=−0.539),and plays a moderating role in the mediation model(β=0.003;β=−0.023).Conclusion:These findings provide theoretical support for the development of burnout prevention and intervention strategies targeted at preschool teachers.They also point out new directions for future research and potential intervention targets,suggesting that enhancing preschool teachers’social skills and cognitive empathy,as well as increasing their mindfulness level,can help them cope with work-related stress and emotional labor,thereby alleviating job burnout.

A Study of the Relationship between Emotion Regulation and Job Burnout among Junior High School Novice English Teachers

This study aimed to examine the relationship between junior high school novice English teachers’emotion regulation and job burnout.To achieve this purpose,a survey consisting of various scales was administered to 133 primary school teachers selected from Yunnan Province in China.Statistical analyses revealed gender differences in job burnout and emotion regulation among these teachers and highlighted the association between these two variables.The findings established that male novice English teachers in junior schools generally experience lower levels of job burnout and possess better emotion regulation skills compared to their female counterparts.Additionally,a strong negative correlation was identified between job burnout and emotional regulation skills,indicating that the stronger the emotional regulation skills,the less likely novice English teachers are to experience job burnout.The study further emphasized caution in the use of cognitive reappraisal as an emotion regulation strategy,as it may have an adverse effect on mitigating job burnout.This study concluded with recommendations for providing junior high school novice English teachers with opportunities to develop and enhance their emotion regulation skills to reduce job burnout effectively.

The Influence of Swimming Athletes’ Burnout on Their Sports Participation Motivation in Hunan, China

Objective:This study aims to explore the effect of swimming athletes’burnout on their sports motivation in Hunan University,China.It seeks to understand how burnout influences various motivational factors,providing insights for optimizing swimming sports courses and enhancing student participation.Method:Employing random sampling,the study surveyed 260 swimming athletes from Hunan University.The research utilized a questionnaire divided into three parts:demographic information,the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire(ABQ),and the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory(IMI).Pearson’s r correlation analysis was conducted using SPSS to examine the relationships between burnout dimensions and motivational factors.Results:The study found significant correlations between a reduced sense of accomplishment and various motivational dimensions,including“interest/enjoyment,”“perceived competence,”“perceived choice,”and particularly“perceived tension.”Physical exhaustion showed a significant correlation only with“perceived tension,”indicating a strong link between psychological stress and physical fatigue.Sports devaluation was significantly correlated with“perceived tension,”suggesting that psychological stress impacts athletes’valuation of their sport.Conclusion:The findings highlight the complex interplay between burnout and motivation in swimming athletes.Psychological stress,as indicated by“perceived tension,”emerges as a key factor influencing both the physical and emotional aspects of burnout.The study underscores the need for holistic training approaches that balance physical training with psychological well-being,personalized coaching,and supportive environments to enhance intrinsic motivation and manage stress effectively.

JB 4732—1995附录Ⅰ浮头式换热器管板计算方法探讨

JB 4732—1995附录Ⅰ浮头式换热器管板计算方法未考虑筒体边缘附加弯矩,有待完善。通过对浮头式换热器管板计算方法进行推算,给出了相应的改进计算式,并对JB 4732—1995未计入筒体边缘附加弯矩对b型、c型、d型3种结构管板计算结果的影响进行了讨论分析。结果表明,不计入筒体边缘附加弯矩,在某些工况下可能会导致管板计算结果不够安全,应对JB 4732—1995附录Ⅰ浮头式换热器管板计算方法进行改进。

Experiment and simulation on degradation and burnout mechanisms of SiC MOSFET under heavy ion irradiation

Experiments and simulation studies on 283 MeV I ion induced single event effects of silicon carbide(SiC) metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors(MOSFETs) were carried out. When the cumulative irradiation fluence of the SiC MOSFET reached 5×10^(6)ion·cm^(-2), the drain–gate channel current increased under 200 V drain voltage, the drain–gate channel current and the drain–source channel current increased under 350 V drain voltage. The device occurred single event burnout under 800 V drain voltage, resulting in a complete loss of breakdown voltage. Combined with emission microscope, scanning electron microscope and focused ion beam analysis, the device with increased drain–gate channel current and drain–source channel current was found to have drain–gate channel current leakage point and local source metal melt, and the device with single event burnout was found to have local melting of its gate, source, epitaxial layer and substrate. Combining with Monte Carlo simulation and TCAD electrothermal simulation, it was found that the initial area of single event burnout might occur at the source–gate corner or the substrate–epitaxial interface, electric field and current density both affected the lattice temperature peak. The excessive lattice temperature during the irradiation process appeared at the local source contact, which led to the drain–source channel damage. And the excessive electric field appeared in the gate oxide layer, resulting in drain–gate channel damage.

半超结JBS反向恢复软度特性研究

为提高常见开关器件JBS二极管的软度特性,减小其自身电压尖峰、射频干扰和电磁干扰的发生,对JBS器件P^(+)区结深进行优化调整,利用Silvaco软件对器件关断过程、反向恢复等影响进行仿真研究。在仿真中构建半超结JBS二极管结构模型,利用器件-电路混合仿真调用此结构模型并改变P^(+)区结深参数,得到不同P^(+)区结深的反向恢复特性曲线,并以此为依据分析半超结JBS二极管中P^(+)区结深对反向恢复软度特性的影响。通过仿真研究,以半超结JBS二极管有效缓解传统JBS反向恢复时间长和超级结JBS二极管反向恢复硬度大的矛盾。

Prevalence and Social Demographic Factors Associated with Secondary Traumatic Stress, Burnout and Compassion Satisfaction among Nurses at Selected Teaching Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia

Introduction: Nurses’ constant exposure to severe human suffering within constrained health care environments places them at risk for developing Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burnout. The current study therefore sought to establish the prevalence and social demographic factors associated with Secondary Traumatic Stress, Burnout and Compassion Satisfaction among Nurses working at selected Teaching Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia. Methods: A correlational design employing a self-administered questionnaire adapted from version five of the Professional Quality of Life scale was used to collect data from 250 nurses drawn using proportional stratified sampling method. The resulting data were analyzed using version 23 of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burnout. Findings: Whilst the majority of respondents reported average levels of Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burnout, about a quarter reported high Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burnout scores at 23% and 26% respectively. Only 81 (32.4%) scored high on Compassion Satisfaction. Social demographic factors including;working in the main Intensive Care Unit, and being married accounted for the greatest variance in Secondary Traumatic Stress (R2 = 0.237, p Conclusion: Findings of the current study signify a need to institute measures to help nurses cope with the deleterious psychological effects of constant engagement with those in distress and to foster Compassion Satisfaction.

多场环结构对GaN基JBS击穿电压和正向工作电流的影响

通过TCAD仿真模拟计算,系统地研究了不同结构参数对GaN基结势垒肖特基二极管(Junction Barrier Schottky Diode)电学特性的影响。JBS二极管在肖特基接触下方以若干个p型场环取代N--GaN漂移区,通过电荷耦合效应降低肖特基接触位置的电场强度,减弱镜像力的影响以达到减小反向漏电和提高击穿电压的效果。研究表明,P-GaN场环的厚度、掺杂浓度及场环的间隔均对器件的反向击穿电压有明显影响。例如,采用适当厚度的场环可以显著降低反偏状态下肖特基接触位置下方的电场强度,同时不会产生过大的pn结漏电,最优厚度300 nm的场环可以实现1 120 V的击穿电压。同时,由于阳极金属分别与N--GaN和P-GaN形成肖特基接触和欧姆接触,JBS二极管可以实现低开启电压。当pn开启后,P-GaN内空穴注入漂移区产生电导调制效应,有助于提高正向电流密度。

Occupational Burnout in Hospitals. A Population-Based Study among Health Professionals Working in Hellenic Red Cross Hospital

Occupational burnout, even though is a widespread subject of research, remains one of the factors that threaten the implementation and organizational structure of the provided health service. The aim of our study is to investigate the level of burnout among health professionals in Hellenic Red Cross Hospital, one of the biggest Public Hospitals in Athens, Greece. The study population included 116 health workers and was conducted in 2022. The present study, cross-sectional in nature, investigates burnout symptoms in the health-related professionals by measuring the three dimensions of burnout;emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal achievements. The overall findings show that people who provide health care services in hospitals are a vulnerable group to burnout syndrome. More specifically, it was found that emotional exhaustion moves at medium to high levels, as did depersonalization, while personal achievements are at moderate to low levels. The findings of the present study indicate that emphasis should be given to increasing the personal achievements of employees, which will in turn reduce emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Perhaps a more detailed study on this topic could enlighten us about the causes and treatment of burnout syndrome in health professionals.

Stress,Burnout,and Resilience:Are Teachers at Risk?

It is increasingly common to find alarming news related to tragic events occurring in schools around the world.Being able to deal with these situations without getting hurt is a task not suitable for everyone.In general,teachers are the ones who must deal with this type of situation in addition to other daily problems that appear in any classroom that make the level of stress to which they are subjected can become dangerous.This research aims to know the current situation of teachers in a region of southeastern Spain in terms of their level of work stress,resilience,and other associated variables,for which an ex post facto quantitative approach study was designed.For this purpose,an ad hoc sociodemographic questionnaire,and questions based on the Teaching and Learning International Survey of the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development,the Maslach Burnout Inventory,and the Brief Resilient Coping Scale were applied.The participating sample consisted of 470 teachers.The main findings were that 6%of teachers had burnout(high emotional exhaustion,high cynicism,and low professional effectiveness simultaneously).Resilience correlated inversely with stress,emotional exhaustion,cynicism,excessive teaching,and difficulty maintaining classroom discipline.In conclusion,knowing the needs of teachers allows us to reflect on what kind of prevention and intervention programs are necessary to improve the well-being of teachers and thus improve the quality of education.

An analysis of association of personality traits with job burnout among nurses working in hospital

Objective:The objective of the present study is to explore the effects of personality traits on job burnout among hospital nurses.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional research was done during 2019-2020 at Kashan Shahid Beheshti Hospital.The data analysis procedures included descriptive statistics and the partial least squares-based structural equation modeling.The participants were 150 nursing professionals.A questionnaire indicating information on demographics,burnout(measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory with three dimensions of depersonalization,emotional exhaustion,and personal accomplishment),and personality profile(measured employing the neuroticism extraversion openness five-factor inventory including extroversion,conscientiousness,agreeableness,neuroticism,and openness to experience dimensions)was used to gather the required data.Results:The results of the study showed that the validity and reliability of the measurement model were desirable(factor load higher than 0.5,the Cronbach’s alpha value and the composite reliability are>0.7).Structural model showed statistically drastic,negative relationship between the nurses’burnout levels and neuroticism(β=0.722)and openness to experience(β=0.437).However,the relationship was significantly positive between the nurses’burnout levels and conscientiousness(β=0.672),agreement(β=0.594),and extraversion(β=0.559)(P<0.03).Conclusions:The present study helped the recognition of burnout among nurses working in hospitals and approved the effects of personality features on the burnout experience.

A Survey on Pharmacists’ Job Burnout and Satisfaction during the COVID-19 Era

Background: The COVID-19 outbreak negatively impacted pharmacists who provided basic medical services by inducing anxiety and depression, thus, leading to medical errors. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the job burnout and satisfaction levels among hospital pharmacists during the period when China downgraded COVID-19 from a Category A disease to a Category B disease. Method: We selected pharmacists from several medical institutions in Yunnan Province as the subjects by using the general information questionnaire survey, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), and the Work Environment Scale-10 (WES-10). Results: After analyzing 461 questionnaires, the results showed that the age and marital status of the pharmacists displayed significant effects on their emotional exhaustion and sense of achievement, with younger pharmacists getting higher and lower scores for their tests on emotional exhaustion and sense of achievement, respectively (p Conclusion: Hence, it was concluded that the job burnout of pharmacists was at a low level during the period when China downgraded COVID-19 as a Category B disease from Category A.

“There Are Many Cases That You Carry with You That Leave Scars”: Burnout and Secondary Trauma among Pediatric Residents in Routine and Covid Times

The current research joins previous studies in examining post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and burnout among healthcare workers. The research focuses on the experiences of pediatric residents working in an emergency department both in normal times and during the Covid pandemic. Research conducted prior to and during the Covid pandemic outbreak shows negative psychological effects among healthcare workers. Most of that research was conducted within the positivistic-quantitative paradigm. The current study is qualitative and focuses on pediatric residents who provide medical services to a unique population in a peripheral region of Israel, namely the Bedouin-Arab population. The research questions are the following: What characterizes pediatric residents’ work, in general and during the pandemic? Do they show signs of burnout and secondary trauma? How do they perceive their work with the Bedouin-Arab population, especially during the pandemic? The study, conducted within the phenomenological genre, included 14 pediatric residents in a large hospital in Israel’s periphery. Semi-structured clinical interviews were employed, in addition to questionnaires that examined PTSD and burnout to enhance the reliability of the findings. The results show that all residents reported stressful incidents in which patients’ physical integrity was threatened. The residents described the special nature of the medical cases they treated in routine times and during the pandemic outbreak, which stems mostly from the specific characteristics the population of Israel’s periphery. While at the early stages of the pandemic, the residents experienced reduced work pressure, they reported substantial difficulties later in the crisis, which intensified their sense of physical and emotional stress. Most residents reported feeling inadequately prepared for dealing with traumatic events. According to the results, most residents displayed secondary trauma (12 participants in interviews and 11 in questionnaires), which can be classified into categories based on the DSM-5. In the interviews, all 14 participants reported various signs of burnout. The questionnaires indicated burnout symptoms among 10 participants. Giving a voice to pediatric residents, the study highlights the complexity of their routine work as well as their role during the Covid crisis. Based on the findings, recommendations have been made for policymakers. The study highlights the importance of raising awareness to the implications of the residents’ rough work conditions in routine and emergency times and to the need to develop social support and intervention programs that might improve their well-being during their professional work.

NAO.99Jb模式在长江口的精度评估及潮流数模中的应用

为给长江口及邻近海域潮汐预报和长江口潮流数学模型外海开边界条件的给定提供有效手段,评估了NAO.99Jb模式在长江口及邻近海域的精度,研究了其为长江口潮流数学模型提供外海开边界条件的可行性。结果表明,NAO.99Jb模式能够准确模拟各主要分潮在长江口及邻近海域的传播;在长江口口外海域该模式潮位模拟精度较高,在长江口口内水域则精度较低;利用该模式预报的长江口外海潮位可以作为长江口潮流数学模型的开边界条件,且精度良好,该手段可进一步推广应用。

Burnout syndrome and anxiety among healthcare workers during global pandemics:An umbrella review

BACKGROUND Burnout syndrome and anxiety are two mental health symptoms experienced by healthcare workers(HCWs)that can be exacerbated during pandemics due to increased job demands and the global health workforce crisis.AIM To provide a comprehensive review and summary of evidence on burnout and anxiety in HCWs during previous global pandemics.METHODS A systematic search on electronic databases such as PubMed Central and MEDLINE was conducted to identify high-quality systematic review studies that reported on the prevalence of burnout and/or anxiety in HCWs during any previous global pandemic.RESULTS Twenty-four high quality systematic review articles were found to be suitable for inclusion.Twenty articles focused merely on Coronavirus disease 2019,while four articles examined multiple pandemics.Burnout was examined in nine articles,while anxiety was examined in the remaining 21 articles.Female HCWs and nurses were identified to be at a higher risk of developing burnout and anxiety during pandemic.We also observed a variation in the prevalence of burnouts and anxiety across different studies due to different mental health instruments were used in different studies.CONCLUSION Nurses and females HCWs had a high prevalence of burnout syndrome and anxiety during pandemic.More emphasis and attention should be paid to safeguarding the psychological well-being of these at-risk populations in the future pandemics.

650V50A SiC JBS的设计分析

阐述650 V/50 A SiC JBS结构二极管的设计与测试。通过优化有源区元胞设计、结终端设计、离子注入工艺,器件反向耐压VR达到873V,器件具有良好高温特性,正向导通压降VF为1.39 V(@IF=50A),器件结电容Cj为286pF,经过240h高温反偏(HTRB)试验,器件性能未退化。