Near-zero-adhesion-enabled intact wafer-scale resist-transfer printing for high-fidelity nanofabrication on arbitrary substrates

There is an urgent need for novel processes that can integrate different functional nanostructures onto specific substrates,so as to meet the fast-growing need for broad applications in nanoelectronics,nanophotonics,and fexible optoelectronics.Existing direct-lithography methods are difficult to use on fexible,nonplanar,and biocompatible surfaces.Therefore,this fabrication is usually accomplished by nanotransfer printing.However,large-scale integration of multiscale nanostructures with unconventional substrates remains challenging because fabrication yields and quality are often limited by the resolution,uniformity,adhesivity,and integrity of the nanostructures formed by direct transfer.Here,we proposed a resist-based transfer strategy enabled by near-zero adhesion,which was achieved by molecular modification to attain a critical surface energy interval.This approach enabled the intact transfer of wafer-scale,ultrathin-resist nanofilms onto arbitrary substrates with mitigated cracking and wrinkling,thereby facilitating the in situ fabrication of nanostructures for functional devices.Applying this approach,fabrication of three-dimensional-stacked multilayer structures with enhanced functionalities,nanoplasmonic structures with~10 nm resolution,and MoS2-based devices with excellent performance was demonstrated on specific substrates.These results collectively demonstrated the high stability,reliability,and throughput of our strategy for optical and electronic device applications.

Droplet morphology analysis of drop-on-demand inkjet printing

As an accurate 2D/3D fabrication tool,inkjet printing technology has great potential in preparation of micro electronic devices.The morphology of droplets produced by the inkjet printer has a great impact on the accuracy of deposition.In this study,the drop-on-demand(DoD)inkjet simulation model was established,and the accuracy of the simulation model was verified by corresponding experiments.The simulation result shows that the velocity of the droplet front and tail,as well as the time to disconnect from the nozzle is mainly affected by density(ρ),viscosity(μ)and surface tension(σ)of droplets.When the liquid filament is about to disconnect from the nozzle,the filament length and filament front velocity are found to have a linear correlation withσ/ρμand ln(ρ/(μσ1/2)).

Two-photon polymerization-based 4D printing and its applications

Two-photon polymerization(TPP)is a cutting-edge micro/nanoscale three-dimensional(3D)printing technology based on the principle of two-photon absorption.TPP surpasses the diffraction limit in achieving feature sizes and excels in fabricating intricate 3D micro/nanostructures with exceptional resolution.The concept of 4D entails the fabrication of structures utilizing smart materials capable of undergoing shape,property,or functional changes in response to external stimuli over time.The integration of TPP and 4D printing introduces the possibility of producing responsive structures with micro/nanoscale accuracy,thereby enhancing the capabilities and potential applications of both technologies.This paper comprehensively reviews TPP-based 4D printing technology and its diverse applications.First,the working principles of TPP and its recent advancements are introduced.Second,the optional4D printing materials suitable for fabrication with TPP are discussed.Finally,this review paper highlights several noteworthy applications of TPP-based 4D printing,including domains such as biomedical microrobots,bioinspired microactuators,autonomous mobile microrobots,transformable devices and robots,as well as anti-counterfeiting microdevices.In conclusion,this paper provides valuable insights into the current status and future prospects of TPP-based4D printing technology,thereby serving as a guide for researchers and practitioners.

Bending and Washing Reliabilities of Screen-Printed UHF RFID Tags Based on Woven Water-Mark Fabric

Compared with bar code and quick response( QR) code in the storage and retailing management of textiles, the ultra-high frequency( UHF) radio frequency identification( RFID) tags have high information capacity as well as reliability in complex environmental conditions. In this study,the UHF RFID tags with perfect integration with textiles are assembled with screen-printed antenna on woven water-mark nylon fabric and Alien UHF integrated circuit( IC), and their reading performance under various washing and bending conditions is evaluated by an RFID reader. The results show that the tags after fifty bending( both arch and sink) cycles of screen-printed antenna still have reading distance more than 5.5 m,and an average reading distance is over 4.0 m after five washing cycles. The experimental results demonstrate that the tag antenna on the water-mark fabric can be manufactured by the screen-printing technology,and a coating process on this fabric facilitates the reading performance and the resistance against complex mechanical impact.

Atmospheric-pressure Air Plasma Treatment of Polyester Fabrics for Inkjet Printing with Pigment Inks

Without any preprocessing,polyester fabric has lower ability to hold on water and inks due to the smooth morphology of polyester fibers. Therefore, patterns directly printed with pigment inks have poor color yields and bleed easily. Pretreatments of polyester fabric were carried out with atmospheric air plasma under different experimental conditions. After plasma treatment the samples were printed with magenta pigment ink. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses indicated that the enhanced color performance was mainly contributed by not only the etching effect but also oxygen-containing polar groups induced onto fiber surfaces through plasma treatment. Thereby the surface modification of polyester fabrics using atmospheric-pressure air plasma offers a potential way to fabric pretreatment for pigment inkjet printing with the advantages of environmental friendly and energy saving over traditional pretreatment methods.

Efficient nonfullerene organic solar cells with active layers fabricated by water transfer printing

Preparation of high-quality films plays an important role to achieve high-performance nonfullerene (NF) organic solar cells. NF active layer films are typically fabricated by spin coating. Novel fabrication methods to process the NF active layer are desirable to be compatible with large-area production. Herein, we report on the fabrication of NF active layer films via a water transfer printing method.This method delivers a uniform film with controllable film thicknesses. NF active layers of PDBD-T:ITIC and PBDB-T-2F:IT-4F were fabricated via the method to validate its effectiveness. Solar cells with the water transfer-printed active layers show comparable performance (up to 11.7%) to the cells with spin-coated active layers. Furthermore, NF solar modules containing 4-sub cells with the active area of 3.2 cm2 are also fabricated via the method. The module shows VOC of up to 3.4 V and a power conversion efficiency of 8.1% with the PBDB-T-2F:IT-4F active layer.

Washing Range after Printing for Knitted fabric from Goller

Goller Textilmaschinen GmbH, the leading manufacturer of wet finishing ranges for textile industry and also a Member of the Fong’s Group, presented new technology and equipments to the public at Shanghai

网孔结构3D打印面料的制备及力学性能研究

为提升3D打印面料的服用性能,探究3D打印面料的组织结构和力学性能的关系,以柔性聚乳酸为材料,通过熔融沉积成形技术制备出3种网孔结构3D打印面料,并对打印面料的拉伸性能、撕破性能及顶破性能进行测试表征。结果表明:3种网孔结构3D打印面料表面平整,无疵点,网孔效果明显,表面无焦黄现象,无脱散现象。3种网孔结构3D打印面料的拉伸性能、撕破性能及顶破性能均与面料网孔中的网格宽度呈正比。当网格宽度相同时,对于纵向断裂强力,菱形组织最小,仿纬平针组织最大;对于横向断裂强力,仿纬平针组织最小,仿平纹组织最大;对于纵向撕破强力,菱形组织最小,仿平纹组织最大;对于横向撕破强力,菱形组织最小,仿纬平针组织最大;对于顶破强力,菱形组织最小,仿纬平针组织最大。

黄原胶预处理对汉麻织物喷墨印花效果的影响

为解决汉麻印花织物得色量浅、清晰度差的问题,选取黄原胶为预处理剂对汉麻织物进行处理,并进行活性染料喷墨印花。结果表明:与海藻酸钠预处理剂相比,经黄原胶预处理后织物的润湿时间从32.18 s增加到98.19 s,接触角从70.13°提升至84.22°,说明预处理后黄原胶在织物表面构筑的薄膜使织物疏水性增加,进而抑制染料墨水在织物上的扩散,提升喷墨印花效果;当预处理液为1.5%黄原胶、10.0%尿素和2.0%NaHCO_(3),汽蒸时间为10 min时,织物色深达到最大值,此时,青、品红、黄和黑色色块的K/S值比海藻酸钠预处理织物分别提升了33.5%、20.2%、42.6%和109.3%,表明黄原胶预处理喷墨印花汉麻织物表现出优异的表观颜色深度;同时,印花织物的耐摩擦和耐皂洗色牢度均可达到4级以上。

基于直方图均衡化的毛织物服装印花缺陷检测

为了保证毛织物印花服装的生产质量,提出基于直方图均衡化的毛织物服装印花缺陷检测方法。设置毛织物服装印花不同缺陷特征作为检测标准,利用光学成像原理采集毛织物服装印花图像,通过颜色转换、图像滤波等步骤,实现初始印花图像的预处理;利用直方图均衡化技术提取服装印花图像特征,通过特征匹配确定缺陷状态与类型,实现毛织物服装印花缺陷的检测。测试结果表明,优化设计方法得出缺陷面积检测误差的平均值为0.09 mm^(2),缺陷类型检测错误率较低。

真丝织物的尤加利叶拓染工艺

采用尤加利叶对真丝织物进行拓染,探讨直接拓染和不同媒染剂预媒拓染方法对拓染效果的影响,发现直接拓染和硫酸亚铁预媒拓染两种方法效果最佳。尤加利在真丝织物上直接拓染的最佳工艺参数为:轧车压力3.0 kg/cm^(2)(织物含水率123%),汽蒸温度110℃,汽蒸时间50 min;硫酸亚铁预媒拓染的最佳工艺为:媒染剂质量浓度0.20 g/L,汽蒸温度110℃,汽蒸时间50 min。

基于印花效果的四色经提花面料产品研发

为研发具有印花效果的四色经提花面料新产品,对产品的花稿设计、纱线配置和编织工艺3方面内容进行了研究与实践。通过设计合适的花稿图案,选用5.56tex/36f的加捻涤纶低弹色纱,色彩分别为红、蓝、黄、黑4种颜色的纱线作为经纱,8.33tex/72f的白色或黑色涤纶色纱作为纬纱,运用重经组织结构使这4种不同颜色经纱形成不同的浮长,利用经纱混色配置的方式实现花稿图案的丰富色彩,研发出色彩丰富且立体感强、面密度轻、环保性能好、具有印花效果的轻薄型提花面料。

真丝/黏胶弹力交织物立体印花面料的开发

采用真丝作经线,黏胶、锦纶、氨纶作纬线,织造平纹真丝/黏胶弹力交织物。对真丝/黏胶弹力交织物先烂花印花后数码印花,使面料呈现色彩多变的立体印花效果。成品面料布面效果接近全真丝织物,具有花型立体、层次分明、质地轻薄、手感柔软且弹性好等特点。

固本与造意:梁平传统蓝印花布纹样的当代表达

目的为梁平蓝印花布的保护与传承提供新的思路和方法,为“非遗”的创造性转化和创新性发展增添动力。方法采用文献资料、走访调查、DFA分析、计算机辅助设计等方法,对梁平蓝印花布传统纹样进行研究。首先,基于文化基因理论,对梁平蓝印花布传统纹样进行基因识别和提取;然后,利用形状文法对提取的形态基因进行推演,形成新的纹样图形;最后,将新纹样图形应用到文创产品设计上。结论固本与造意是梁平蓝印花布纹样保护与传承的基本思路,梁平蓝印花布纹样的文化基因是由纹样的形态基因、结构基因、色彩基因和意蕴基因共同构成的。以纹样的形态基因为基点,以结构基因、色彩基因和意蕴基因为约束条件,借助形状文法,可以推演出多种纹样图案,进而设计出传统与现代相结合的创新型文创产品。

基于二氧化钛纳米颗粒的辐射制冷织物的制备及其性能

利用磷酸-微晶纤维素法(PA-MCC),将二氧化钛纳米颗粒(TiO_(2)-NP)制成均匀的分散液,再使用丝网印花方式将分散液整理到棉织物表面,制备了表面负载TiO_(2)-NP的辐射制冷(RC)织物。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察MCC-TiO_(2)-NP制冷层表面和截面的形貌;采用紫外可见近红外分光光度计测得RC织物在0.3~2.5μm太阳光波段的最高反射率为0.9;采用傅里叶红外光谱仪得到RC织物在8~14μm的中红外波段的平均发射率为0.98;一个标准太阳光照下,RC织物下的温度比棉织物平均低1.59℃,比室温平均低9.48℃;不同弯折次数下的降温效果证明织物辐射制冷性能的耐久性;接触角测试测得RC织物的吸水性能仍然较佳;室外测试证明了RC织物能成功调节人体温度。

双环境背景稳态变色织物的制备及变色性能

针对常规温致变色纺织品因仅有一个变色点而在某些特殊领域应用时无法实现自主控制颜色的问题,利用分散染料不变色,以及变色微胶囊在高温条件下呈无色态和低温条件下呈有色态的性能特点,将双稳态温致变色微胶囊与分散染料复配,配制出高温浅棕-低温深灰、高温深绿-低温红棕和高温黄绿-低温中灰三种稳态互变的温致变色色浆,并采用筛网印花法将印花色浆施加到纺织品上,制备具有双环境背景稳态互变的迷彩织物。印制的迷彩织物高温和低温变色响应时间分别约为20 s和120 s,变色循环可达200次,耐摩擦色牢度为4~5级,耐水洗色牢度为4级,耐日晒色牢度为3级,且手感较好。此外,分别通过高温和低温刺激,印制的迷彩织物在-5~60℃的环境温度范围内可以稳态呈现两种不同的颜色效果,从而实现对迷彩织物的自主呈色控制。

1+1罗纹3D打印面料的制备

为满足近几年消费者对服装面料可持续创新的需求,丰富3D打印服装面料的结构和外观风格,以柔性聚乳酸为原材料,在3ds Max软件中,采用NURBS曲线建模方法,结合实物测量情况,对1+1罗纹组织进行三维模拟;通过探究分层厚度、打印温度、打印速度、沉积方向对1+1罗纹3D打印面料拉伸性能的影响,确定出最优打印参数;通过FDM工艺,在最优打印参数下,对模拟的组织进行打印,得到1+1罗纹3D打印面料。该面料打印效果与模拟效果相同,线圈平整,无歪斜现象,面料表面无焦黄现象,可形象地表现出纱线的形态及服装的纹理效果,符合后疫情时代消费者对服装面料创新性和多元化的需求。

基于印织工艺的图案变形问题研究

为了解决印织工艺中规整图案难控制的问题,选择不同织物组织结构与纱线密度为实验探究变量,通过在织机上进行丝网印花探究图案变形规律,并进行4个系列产品设计实践。结果表明:在相同纱线密度条件下,平纹、斜纹、缎纹组织纬向尺寸织造前后基本不变,但经向尺寸上,平纹变化较大(12.80%~14.50%),5枚3飞缎纹图案变化较小(8.50%~9.00%),2上2下斜纹变化波动范围也相对较小(10.25%~10.33%);同一纬密及组织结构下,经密为346根/(10 cm)时,纬向尺寸变化较大,且纬向尺寸与经向尺寸数据稳定性较差;经密为504根/(10 cm)和583根/(10 cm)时,纬向尺寸接近设定值且数据稳定;经向尺寸波动与经密成正相关性。通过研究与设计实践,根据不同织物组织结构及经纬密选取织缩率范围内的中间值计算出需要印花的尺寸,织造后可获得接近设定尺寸的图案,关于图案变形问题基本做到可控,并为新产品开发提供参考依据。

飞行器智能蒙皮异质多层电路制造技术进展

智能蒙皮在飞行器承载结构蒙皮表面集成异质多功能电路系统,是实现未来变体飞行器“Fly-by-Feel”的使能技术。飞行器智能蒙皮涉及多功能分布式传感系统、共形天线、频率选择表面、防/除冰等功能模块,这提升了飞行器态势感知能力并促进其结构向轻量化发展,其技术关键在于复杂3D结构表面异质多层电路的成型制造。针对智能蒙皮多功能电路制造难题,本文对不同种类曲面功能单元制造中的难点进行详细分析,并对比阐述适用于不同类型结构的制造技术,包括共形打印、通孔互联、曲面贴装、薄膜制备等。最后总结和展望了智能蒙皮异质多层电路制造技术面临的挑战和潜在解决方案,为下一代飞行器智能蒙皮制造技术的突破提供有益的参考。

丝网印刷还原氧化石墨烯改性蚕丝织物的导电与电热性能

为探究组织结构与丝网印刷次数对蚕丝织物导电性、耐水洗性以及电热性能的影响,设计缎纹组织、斜纹组织、重纬组织3种结构,通过丝网印刷工艺制备氧化石墨烯(GO)改性蚕丝织物,经过原位还原制得还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)改性导电蚕丝织物。借助扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪对RGO改性蚕丝织物进行表观形态观察与晶体结构表征,分析了RGO改性蚕丝织物的导电性、耐水洗性和电热性能。结果表明:随着丝网印刷次数的增加,织物的电阻率逐渐减小;相同丝网印刷次数下电阻率最小的为RGO改性重纬蚕丝织物,经9次水洗后,丝网印刷5次所得RGO改性缎纹、斜纹、重纬蚕丝织物的电阻率分别增大了0.710、0.472、0.308 kΩ·cm;相比RGO改性斜纹和重纬蚕丝织物,RGO改性缎纹蚕丝织物具有较好的电热性能,在0.025 A的恒定电流下以10℃/s的升温速率达到96℃的饱和温度。通过丝网印刷工艺制备的RGO改性蚕丝织物在智能可穿戴纺织品领域具有良好应用潜力。