Sub-Saharan African cities are uniquely characterized by retail competition influencing outlet location.This work focused on revealing retail outlet location in Uyo and its relationship with distances from the Central...Sub-Saharan African cities are uniquely characterized by retail competition influencing outlet location.This work focused on revealing retail outlet location in Uyo and its relationship with distances from the Central Business Districts.Distance was measured along the six major arterial roads that link the city to the central business districts by the use of Google Map[5]Distance Calculator and itouch maps[7]technology.Six arteries were divided into four distinct spaces in kilometers namely 0-1km,1-2km,2-3km,3-4km.Retail Outlets were grouped into ten classes.Data was analysed using distance in kilometers from the Central Business District as variable Y1.The independent variables X1,X2,X3,X4,X5 and X6 were the six major arteries represented by the location of each specific retail outlet group.Utilising SPSS version 20 software the results reflected centre a 47.9 percent variation in retail outlets location with correlation coefficient(R)of 69.2%revealing a strong relationship between the distances from the Central Business Districts and the location of retail outlets located across the six major arteries.H1 was accepted which states a significant relationship in the location of retail outlets as distance increase from the city centre across the linkages.This confirms a strong intensity of location of retail outlets in the city centre with a gradual decline as distance increase from the centre.Although there was an increase in intensity of retail outlets in junctions away from the Central Business Districts according to multiple nuclei concept.It is recommended that urban expansion through growth poles.Aim:To access the relationship between retail outlets location and distance from central business district in a Uyo.Research Questions:This work provided answers to the following questions:1.Where are these retail outlets located in the city space?2.What is the relationship between Retail outlets and the distance from the City Centre?Objectives:1.To explain the distribution of location of retail outlets in city space.2.To reveal the relationship between Retail Outlets and distance from the City Centre.Hypothesis:There is no significant relationship between the distance from the central business district and the location of retail outlets.展开更多
利用2012~2013年北京中央商务区(Central Business District,CBD)加密观测资料,分析CBD区域城市热岛(Urban Heat Island,UHI)强度日变化和空间变化特征及其影响因子。研究发现,CBD区域气温高于周边自动站气温,平均偏高0.64°C;CBD...利用2012~2013年北京中央商务区(Central Business District,CBD)加密观测资料,分析CBD区域城市热岛(Urban Heat Island,UHI)强度日变化和空间变化特征及其影响因子。研究发现,CBD区域气温高于周边自动站气温,平均偏高0.64°C;CBD区域城市热岛强度呈现夜间强、白天弱的现象,中午甚至存在"城市冷岛"现象。季节平均UHI日变化表现为:在夜间,秋季最强,冬季次之,春季和夏季较弱;在白天,夏季最强,冬季次之,春季和秋季较弱。相对于晴朗无风天气,雾、雨、大风等天气对城市热岛有抑制作用,并结合小波分析结果发现,秋季城市热岛强度强于冬季是由于冬季雾、雨、大风等天气过程发生比例较高的缘故。CBD区域城市热岛空间变化特征研究发现,花园、学校等绿地有助于缓解城市热岛效应。雾日、雨日和大风日的CBD区域城市热岛强度空间变化标准差比晴朗无风日小。展开更多
北京商务中心区(Central Business District,CBD)位于北京市中心的东部,距离故宫博物院约4.5km,占地约4km2,最高建筑物超过300m,建成后会导致局地大气环境改变。采用基于k-ε湍流闭合的城市冠层模式对CBD建成后的大气环境进行模拟,结果...北京商务中心区(Central Business District,CBD)位于北京市中心的东部,距离故宫博物院约4.5km,占地约4km2,最高建筑物超过300m,建成后会导致局地大气环境改变。采用基于k-ε湍流闭合的城市冠层模式对CBD建成后的大气环境进行模拟,结果表明:主导风向西北风时的大气通风能力稍优于次主导风向西南风,空气动力学粗糙度约5.3m,零平面位移约110.0m;浅色建筑外观、屋顶绿化及高叶面指数植被有助于气温的降低,可缓解夏季热岛效应;交通高峰时段,主要道路尤其是交叉路口的NOx浓度超过国家二级标准。上述研究结果对优化CBD规划设计有重要参考价值。展开更多
文摘Sub-Saharan African cities are uniquely characterized by retail competition influencing outlet location.This work focused on revealing retail outlet location in Uyo and its relationship with distances from the Central Business Districts.Distance was measured along the six major arterial roads that link the city to the central business districts by the use of Google Map[5]Distance Calculator and itouch maps[7]technology.Six arteries were divided into four distinct spaces in kilometers namely 0-1km,1-2km,2-3km,3-4km.Retail Outlets were grouped into ten classes.Data was analysed using distance in kilometers from the Central Business District as variable Y1.The independent variables X1,X2,X3,X4,X5 and X6 were the six major arteries represented by the location of each specific retail outlet group.Utilising SPSS version 20 software the results reflected centre a 47.9 percent variation in retail outlets location with correlation coefficient(R)of 69.2%revealing a strong relationship between the distances from the Central Business Districts and the location of retail outlets located across the six major arteries.H1 was accepted which states a significant relationship in the location of retail outlets as distance increase from the city centre across the linkages.This confirms a strong intensity of location of retail outlets in the city centre with a gradual decline as distance increase from the centre.Although there was an increase in intensity of retail outlets in junctions away from the Central Business Districts according to multiple nuclei concept.It is recommended that urban expansion through growth poles.Aim:To access the relationship between retail outlets location and distance from central business district in a Uyo.Research Questions:This work provided answers to the following questions:1.Where are these retail outlets located in the city space?2.What is the relationship between Retail outlets and the distance from the City Centre?Objectives:1.To explain the distribution of location of retail outlets in city space.2.To reveal the relationship between Retail Outlets and distance from the City Centre.Hypothesis:There is no significant relationship between the distance from the central business district and the location of retail outlets.
文摘利用2012~2013年北京中央商务区(Central Business District,CBD)加密观测资料,分析CBD区域城市热岛(Urban Heat Island,UHI)强度日变化和空间变化特征及其影响因子。研究发现,CBD区域气温高于周边自动站气温,平均偏高0.64°C;CBD区域城市热岛强度呈现夜间强、白天弱的现象,中午甚至存在"城市冷岛"现象。季节平均UHI日变化表现为:在夜间,秋季最强,冬季次之,春季和夏季较弱;在白天,夏季最强,冬季次之,春季和秋季较弱。相对于晴朗无风天气,雾、雨、大风等天气对城市热岛有抑制作用,并结合小波分析结果发现,秋季城市热岛强度强于冬季是由于冬季雾、雨、大风等天气过程发生比例较高的缘故。CBD区域城市热岛空间变化特征研究发现,花园、学校等绿地有助于缓解城市热岛效应。雾日、雨日和大风日的CBD区域城市热岛强度空间变化标准差比晴朗无风日小。
文摘北京商务中心区(Central Business District,CBD)位于北京市中心的东部,距离故宫博物院约4.5km,占地约4km2,最高建筑物超过300m,建成后会导致局地大气环境改变。采用基于k-ε湍流闭合的城市冠层模式对CBD建成后的大气环境进行模拟,结果表明:主导风向西北风时的大气通风能力稍优于次主导风向西南风,空气动力学粗糙度约5.3m,零平面位移约110.0m;浅色建筑外观、屋顶绿化及高叶面指数植被有助于气温的降低,可缓解夏季热岛效应;交通高峰时段,主要道路尤其是交叉路口的NOx浓度超过国家二级标准。上述研究结果对优化CBD规划设计有重要参考价值。
