Business Planning(BP)is a series of innovative activitiesfor designing a modern company.This paper deals withthe basic tasks of BP and Information System Planning(ISP).Then it presents the features of BP based on Bus-...Business Planning(BP)is a series of innovative activitiesfor designing a modern company.This paper deals withthe basic tasks of BP and Information System Planning(ISP).Then it presents the features of BP based on Bus-iness Process Reengineering(BPR),and puts forwardthe idea that modern BP should center on process inno-vation and be integrated with ISP.At the end of this pa-per,the fundamental work of modern BP.BusinessModel,Data Model and Process Model are discussed.展开更多
In order to improve the effectiveness of the artificial intelligence （AI） planning based web service composition problem, a business domain oriented AI planning algorithm for web service composition is introduced. T...In order to improve the effectiveness of the artificial intelligence （AI） planning based web service composition problem, a business domain oriented AI planning algorithm for web service composition is introduced. The algorithm uses the proposed business relation model to minimize the searching space and uses the proposed goal distance as a heuristic rule. Compared with other algorithms tackling web service composition such as AI planning, the proposed algorithm focuses not only on how to convert the web service composition problem to the AI planning problem, but also exerts its effort on how to apply the business feature of web service composition into planning in order to improve the effectiveness. The experiment shows the better performance of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
In order to diminish the impacts of extemal disturbance such as parking speed fluctuation and model un- certainty existing in steering kinematics, this paper presents a parallel path tracking method for vehicle based ...In order to diminish the impacts of extemal disturbance such as parking speed fluctuation and model un- certainty existing in steering kinematics, this paper presents a parallel path tracking method for vehicle based on pre- view back propagation （BP） neural network PID controller. The forward BP neural network can adjust the parameters of PID controller in real time. The preview time is optimized by considering path curvature, change in curvature and road boundaries. A fuzzy controller considering barriers and different road conditions is built to select the starting po- sition. In addition, a kind of path planning technology satisfying the requirement of obstacle avoidance is introduced. In order to solve the problem of discontinuous curvature, cubic B spline curve is used for curve fitting. The simulation results and real vehicle tests validate the effectiveness of the proposed path planning and tracking methods.展开更多
Aiming at the dimension disaster problem, poor model generalization ability and deadlock problem in special obstacles environment caused by the increase of state information in the local path planning process of mobil...Aiming at the dimension disaster problem, poor model generalization ability and deadlock problem in special obstacles environment caused by the increase of state information in the local path planning process of mobile robot, this paper proposed a Double BP Q-learning algorithm based on the fusion of Double Q-learning algorithm and BP neural network. In order to solve the dimensional disaster problem, two BP neural network fitting value functions with the same network structure were used to replace the two <i>Q</i> value tables in Double Q-Learning algorithm to solve the problem that the <i>Q</i> value table cannot store excessive state information. By adding the mechanism of priority experience replay and using the parameter transfer to initialize the model parameters in different environments, it could accelerate the convergence rate of the algorithm, improve the learning efficiency and the generalization ability of the model. By designing specific action selection strategy in special environment, the deadlock state could be avoided and the mobile robot could reach the target point. Finally, the designed Double BP Q-learning algorithm was simulated and verified, and the probability of mobile robot reaching the target point in the parameter update process was compared with the Double Q-learning algorithm under the same condition of the planned path length. The results showed that the model trained by the improved Double BP Q-learning algorithm had a higher success rate in finding the optimal or sub-optimal path in the dense discrete environment, besides, it had stronger model generalization ability, fewer redundant sections, and could reach the target point without entering the deadlock zone in the special obstacles environment.展开更多
A SWOT analysis is the method to evaluate the internal weaknesses and strengths of an organization as well as evaluating the threats and opportunities of its external environment.This is considered as an effective fra...A SWOT analysis is the method to evaluate the internal weaknesses and strengths of an organization as well as evaluating the threats and opportunities of its external environment.This is considered as an effective framework to plan and manage the organizational resources to achieve certain goals in a specific period of time.The purpose of implementing SWOT analysis in an organization is to formulate the strategy of a business based on existing internal and external factors.There may be several disadvantages associated with running a SWOT analysis;however,its efficiency in determining the future strategy of a business is more indeed.Although the origin of SWOT analysis is uncertain,there is a long historical background about its uses to facilitate the decision-making process in every complex environment.The final result of a SWOT analysis can be presented in a matrix which is a combination of the four factors and determines strengths and weaknesses that a company involves,with opportunities and threats that it may face.This article provides a study of SWOT analysis basics and provides several practical insights of steps to provide a SWOT matrix.展开更多
Instructional planning gives teachers control over teaching/learning process and assures learning achievement. However, instructional planning and the linkage to learning achievement remain deficient in literature. Th...Instructional planning gives teachers control over teaching/learning process and assures learning achievement. However, instructional planning and the linkage to learning achievement remain deficient in literature. This study assessed factors influencing teachers＇ decision to plan lessons, and effect of lesson planning on learning achievement. Primary data were obtained from 341 teachers of business studies. Bivariate analysis obtained cross-tabulations with Chisquare （χ2） and One-way Analysis of Variance （ANOVA）; while multivariate analysis obtained β coefficients and odds ratios. The study found that average workload accounted for the highest variance in the availability of lesson plans at 8.5%, suggesting that reducing workload is likely to increase the proportion of those planning their teaching by up to 8.5%, followed by professional experience （7.6%）, lesson plan inspection frequency （6.9%）, professional training （5.9%）, administrative duties （5.8%）, and teacher motivation （4.7%）. The adjusted regression model explained 46.5% of variance in availability of lesson plans. The study recommends： higher budgetary allocation for Teachers＇ Service Commission to hire more teachers; school boards to generate supplementary resources and hire trained teachers; regular spot checks on lesson plans; and appropriate motivation for teachers.展开更多
文摘Business Planning(BP)is a series of innovative activitiesfor designing a modern company.This paper deals withthe basic tasks of BP and Information System Planning(ISP).Then it presents the features of BP based on Bus-iness Process Reengineering(BPR),and puts forwardthe idea that modern BP should center on process inno-vation and be integrated with ISP.At the end of this pa-per,the fundamental work of modern BP.BusinessModel,Data Model and Process Model are discussed.
基金The National Key Technologies R & D Program of China during the 10th Five-Year Plan Period(No2004BA721A05)
文摘In order to improve the effectiveness of the artificial intelligence （AI） planning based web service composition problem, a business domain oriented AI planning algorithm for web service composition is introduced. The algorithm uses the proposed business relation model to minimize the searching space and uses the proposed goal distance as a heuristic rule. Compared with other algorithms tackling web service composition such as AI planning, the proposed algorithm focuses not only on how to convert the web service composition problem to the AI planning problem, but also exerts its effort on how to apply the business feature of web service composition into planning in order to improve the effectiveness. The experiment shows the better performance of the proposed algorithm.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11072106,No.51005133 and No.51375009)
文摘In order to diminish the impacts of extemal disturbance such as parking speed fluctuation and model un- certainty existing in steering kinematics, this paper presents a parallel path tracking method for vehicle based on pre- view back propagation （BP） neural network PID controller. The forward BP neural network can adjust the parameters of PID controller in real time. The preview time is optimized by considering path curvature, change in curvature and road boundaries. A fuzzy controller considering barriers and different road conditions is built to select the starting po- sition. In addition, a kind of path planning technology satisfying the requirement of obstacle avoidance is introduced. In order to solve the problem of discontinuous curvature, cubic B spline curve is used for curve fitting. The simulation results and real vehicle tests validate the effectiveness of the proposed path planning and tracking methods.
文摘Aiming at the dimension disaster problem, poor model generalization ability and deadlock problem in special obstacles environment caused by the increase of state information in the local path planning process of mobile robot, this paper proposed a Double BP Q-learning algorithm based on the fusion of Double Q-learning algorithm and BP neural network. In order to solve the dimensional disaster problem, two BP neural network fitting value functions with the same network structure were used to replace the two <i>Q</i> value tables in Double Q-Learning algorithm to solve the problem that the <i>Q</i> value table cannot store excessive state information. By adding the mechanism of priority experience replay and using the parameter transfer to initialize the model parameters in different environments, it could accelerate the convergence rate of the algorithm, improve the learning efficiency and the generalization ability of the model. By designing specific action selection strategy in special environment, the deadlock state could be avoided and the mobile robot could reach the target point. Finally, the designed Double BP Q-learning algorithm was simulated and verified, and the probability of mobile robot reaching the target point in the parameter update process was compared with the Double Q-learning algorithm under the same condition of the planned path length. The results showed that the model trained by the improved Double BP Q-learning algorithm had a higher success rate in finding the optimal or sub-optimal path in the dense discrete environment, besides, it had stronger model generalization ability, fewer redundant sections, and could reach the target point without entering the deadlock zone in the special obstacles environment.
文摘A SWOT analysis is the method to evaluate the internal weaknesses and strengths of an organization as well as evaluating the threats and opportunities of its external environment.This is considered as an effective framework to plan and manage the organizational resources to achieve certain goals in a specific period of time.The purpose of implementing SWOT analysis in an organization is to formulate the strategy of a business based on existing internal and external factors.There may be several disadvantages associated with running a SWOT analysis;however,its efficiency in determining the future strategy of a business is more indeed.Although the origin of SWOT analysis is uncertain,there is a long historical background about its uses to facilitate the decision-making process in every complex environment.The final result of a SWOT analysis can be presented in a matrix which is a combination of the four factors and determines strengths and weaknesses that a company involves,with opportunities and threats that it may face.This article provides a study of SWOT analysis basics and provides several practical insights of steps to provide a SWOT matrix.
文摘Instructional planning gives teachers control over teaching/learning process and assures learning achievement. However, instructional planning and the linkage to learning achievement remain deficient in literature. This study assessed factors influencing teachers＇ decision to plan lessons, and effect of lesson planning on learning achievement. Primary data were obtained from 341 teachers of business studies. Bivariate analysis obtained cross-tabulations with Chisquare （χ2） and One-way Analysis of Variance （ANOVA）; while multivariate analysis obtained β coefficients and odds ratios. The study found that average workload accounted for the highest variance in the availability of lesson plans at 8.5%, suggesting that reducing workload is likely to increase the proportion of those planning their teaching by up to 8.5%, followed by professional experience （7.6%）, lesson plan inspection frequency （6.9%）, professional training （5.9%）, administrative duties （5.8%）, and teacher motivation （4.7%）. The adjusted regression model explained 46.5% of variance in availability of lesson plans. The study recommends： higher budgetary allocation for Teachers＇ Service Commission to hire more teachers; school boards to generate supplementary resources and hire trained teachers; regular spot checks on lesson plans; and appropriate motivation for teachers.
