The"replacement of business tax by VAT reform"(hereby refer to as"VAT reform"for short)is a newly promulgated and implemented tax policy,and its impact on various industries in China is very differ...The"replacement of business tax by VAT reform"(hereby refer to as"VAT reform"for short)is a newly promulgated and implemented tax policy,and its impact on various industries in China is very different,and the highway project industry is no exception.The implementation of the"VAT reform"will not only have a positive impact on the cost of highway projects,but will also have some negative impacts.For this reason,highway project construction corporates must actively respond.The author explores and analyzes the positive and negative effects of the"VAT reform"on the cost of highway projects,and proposes a reform strategy for highway project cost work under the background of the"VAT reform",in hope of helping with bringing out the intrinsic value of highway project cost management work.展开更多
Since 2013,optimizing the business environment has become China's national strategy.In recent years,the Party and the government have continuously introduced a series of new measures such as the'"streamli...Since 2013,optimizing the business environment has become China's national strategy.In recent years,the Party and the government have continuously introduced a series of new measures such as the'"streamline administration,delegate power,strengthen regulation,and improve services55 reform to promote the continuous optimization of the business environment.As an important part of the business environment,the tax business environment is of great significance to improve the business environment and promote economic development.By analyzing the current situation of the tax business environment in China,this article discusses the existing problems in the process of optimizing tax business environment in China.Taking Shunde Taxation Bureau's innovative reform of tax business environment optimization as an example,this article introduces the practical innovation and promotion of optimizing tax business environment from four aspects:promoting convenience,digitalization,legalization,and intensive reform,in order to provide relevant experience for the optimization of tax business environment in other areas of China.展开更多
China's 2004 value-added tax(VAT)pilot reform in the Northeast region,which changed the VAT from production type to consumption type,introduced a sizable tax credit for fixed investment in manufacturing industries...China's 2004 value-added tax(VAT)pilot reform in the Northeast region,which changed the VAT from production type to consumption type,introduced a sizable tax credit for fixed investment in manufacturing industries,leading to more investment and higher productivity at firm level.This paper,however,uses difference-in-difference estimation and finds a negative structural effect;that is,the VAT pilot reform leads to a reduction in the export sophistication of Northeast cities relative to other cities in China,and the results hold for a battery of robustness checks.It is found that resources are reallocated towards less-sophisticated industries.As the products with higher export sophistication are more skill and research and development(R&D)intensive,the shortfalls of skilled labor and R&D spending hinder the upgrading process.With a new round of revitalization plans in the Northeast,policymakers should be cautious with similar structural effects and focus on increasing skilled labor supply and R&D investment.展开更多
It has become a global problem to levy the standard value-added tax(VAT)on financial services.Due to the infeasibility of credit input VATs by invoice,it is infeasible to build a standard VAT system in this field.If t...It has become a global problem to levy the standard value-added tax(VAT)on financial services.Due to the infeasibility of credit input VATs by invoice,it is infeasible to build a standard VAT system in this field.If the government has to levy VAT on financial services,a practical choice is to adopt an account book method,which is to levy the special tax base through the account book using a single-rate.Meanwhile,it is not allowed to credit input VATs in this method.This kind of VAT is in effect a business tax.Due to the government’s authorized monopoly,there is no so-called over-taxation in China’s financial sector.As a result,the reform of“Replacing Business Tax with VAT”in finance should proceed without changing the original tax burden.After having conducted abundant research and statistical analyses,as for the VAT rate,9%is advised.The original way of levying taxes on the full amount of value is suggested to supplant with a new means of levying taxes on added value,with a slightly raised tax ratio,to reduce the tax base.展开更多
Tax reform is perceived as an applicable strategy for attracting investment and promoting economic development for its impact on decision-making process carried out by business players and investors.Driven by the visi...Tax reform is perceived as an applicable strategy for attracting investment and promoting economic development for its impact on decision-making process carried out by business players and investors.Driven by the vision to boost economic growth,attain escalated national development,and establish a more solid tax landscape,Indonesia opened a new chapter of vast tax system reform during the period of 2018-2021.This paper discusses Indonesia’s tax reform on two essential aspects,which are tax policy reform and organisational reform of the tax authority,culminating with the impacts of the reform on business environment and potential investors.展开更多
文摘The"replacement of business tax by VAT reform"(hereby refer to as"VAT reform"for short)is a newly promulgated and implemented tax policy,and its impact on various industries in China is very different,and the highway project industry is no exception.The implementation of the"VAT reform"will not only have a positive impact on the cost of highway projects,but will also have some negative impacts.For this reason,highway project construction corporates must actively respond.The author explores and analyzes the positive and negative effects of the"VAT reform"on the cost of highway projects,and proposes a reform strategy for highway project cost work under the background of the"VAT reform",in hope of helping with bringing out the intrinsic value of highway project cost management work.
文摘Since 2013,optimizing the business environment has become China's national strategy.In recent years,the Party and the government have continuously introduced a series of new measures such as the'"streamline administration,delegate power,strengthen regulation,and improve services55 reform to promote the continuous optimization of the business environment.As an important part of the business environment,the tax business environment is of great significance to improve the business environment and promote economic development.By analyzing the current situation of the tax business environment in China,this article discusses the existing problems in the process of optimizing tax business environment in China.Taking Shunde Taxation Bureau's innovative reform of tax business environment optimization as an example,this article introduces the practical innovation and promotion of optimizing tax business environment from four aspects:promoting convenience,digitalization,legalization,and intensive reform,in order to provide relevant experience for the optimization of tax business environment in other areas of China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.71803159,71703130)Ministry of Education Project of Humanities and Social Sciences(No.19YJC790061)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.JBK2007086).
文摘China's 2004 value-added tax(VAT)pilot reform in the Northeast region,which changed the VAT from production type to consumption type,introduced a sizable tax credit for fixed investment in manufacturing industries,leading to more investment and higher productivity at firm level.This paper,however,uses difference-in-difference estimation and finds a negative structural effect;that is,the VAT pilot reform leads to a reduction in the export sophistication of Northeast cities relative to other cities in China,and the results hold for a battery of robustness checks.It is found that resources are reallocated towards less-sophisticated industries.As the products with higher export sophistication are more skill and research and development(R&D)intensive,the shortfalls of skilled labor and R&D spending hinder the upgrading process.With a new round of revitalization plans in the Northeast,policymakers should be cautious with similar structural effects and focus on increasing skilled labor supply and R&D investment.
文摘It has become a global problem to levy the standard value-added tax(VAT)on financial services.Due to the infeasibility of credit input VATs by invoice,it is infeasible to build a standard VAT system in this field.If the government has to levy VAT on financial services,a practical choice is to adopt an account book method,which is to levy the special tax base through the account book using a single-rate.Meanwhile,it is not allowed to credit input VATs in this method.This kind of VAT is in effect a business tax.Due to the government’s authorized monopoly,there is no so-called over-taxation in China’s financial sector.As a result,the reform of“Replacing Business Tax with VAT”in finance should proceed without changing the original tax burden.After having conducted abundant research and statistical analyses,as for the VAT rate,9%is advised.The original way of levying taxes on the full amount of value is suggested to supplant with a new means of levying taxes on added value,with a slightly raised tax ratio,to reduce the tax base.
文摘Tax reform is perceived as an applicable strategy for attracting investment and promoting economic development for its impact on decision-making process carried out by business players and investors.Driven by the vision to boost economic growth,attain escalated national development,and establish a more solid tax landscape,Indonesia opened a new chapter of vast tax system reform during the period of 2018-2021.This paper discusses Indonesia’s tax reform on two essential aspects,which are tax policy reform and organisational reform of the tax authority,culminating with the impacts of the reform on business environment and potential investors.
