Experimental investigation on tensile strength of butt welded joint post high temperatures

In order to investigate the laws of variation on tensile strength of butt welded joint post high temperatures, the wide plate tension tests for butt welded joint were conducted after cooling down from different high temperatures. The tests indicate that specimens appear ductile fracture at the steel plate during the tension tests after cooling down. The maximum temperatures undergone and the cooling pattern are major factors influencing tensile strength of butt welded joint post high temperatures. The tensile strength mostly reduces by 8% within 900℃. Based on the experimental results, the paper proposes the calculation formulas of tensile strength of butt welded joint post high temperatures. The conclusions of the paper supply references for evaluation damage and reinforcement of steel structure post fire.

Fatigue properties of friction stir welded butt joint and base metal of MB8 magnesium alloy

The fatigue properties of friction stir welded （FSW） butt joint and base metal of MB8 magnesium alloy were investigated. The comparative fatigue tests were carried out using EHF-EM2OOK2-070-IA fatigue testing machine for both FSW butt joint and base metal specimens. The fatigue fractures were observed and analyzed using a scanning electron microscope of JSM-6063LA type. The experimental results show that the fatigue performance of the FSW butt joint of MB8 magnesium alloy is sharply decreased. The conditional fatigue limit （2 x 106） of base metal and welded butt joint is about 77.44 MPa and 49. 91 MPa, respectively. The conditional fatigue limit （2 x 106 ） of the welded butt joint is 64.45% of that of base metal. The main reasons are that the welding can lead to stress concentration in the flash area, tensile welding residual stress in the welded joint（ The residual stress value was 30. 5 MPa）, as well as the grain size is not uniform in the heat-affected zone. The cleavage steps or quasi-cleavage patterns present on the fatigue fracture surface, the fracture type of the FSW butt joint belongs to a brittle fracture.

Experimental Investigation of Laser Welding Process in Butt-Joint Configurations

This paper presents an experimental investigation of laser welding low carbon galvanized steel in butt-joint configurations. The experimental work is focused on the effects of various laser welding parameters on the welds quality. The investigations are based on a structured experimental design using the Taguchi method. Welding experiments are conducted using a 3 kW Nd:YAG laser source. The selected laser welding parameters (laser power, welding speed, laser fiber diameter, gap between sheets and sheet thickness) are combined and used to evaluate the variation of four weld quality attributes (bead width, penetration depth, underfill and hardness) and to identify the possible relationship between welding parameters and weld physical and geometrical attributes. The effects of these parameters are studied using ANOVA to find their contributions to the variation of different weld characteristics. Plots of the main effects and the interaction effects are also used to understand the influence of the welding parameters. The results reveal that all welding parameters are relevant to bead width (BDW) and depth of penetration (DOP) with a relative predominance of laser power and welding speed. The effect of laser fiber diameter on penetration depth is insignificant. Typical gap-dependent weld shapes show that a small gap results in a narrower and deeper weld. Due to the standard sheared edge, an underfill between 5% and 10% occurs for no-gap experiments. The resulting hardness values are relatively similar for all the experimental tests.

Improving fatigue performance of welded joints of X65 pipeline steel by UIT

Treating weld toes properly can improve the fatigue performance. Ultrasonic impact treatment （UIT） is a more effective and convenient method to enhance the fatigue strength of welded joints and suchlike structures. Fatigue tests were conducted on the specimens made of X65 pipeline steel. The test specimens were investigated on the fatigue strength and the fatigue life at the same stress range level by comparing the ones peened by UIT with the others without the treatment： the fatigue strength of the specimens as UIT, 90% of the fatigue strength of the base mental, is increased by 38% compared with that of as welded only; the fatigue life of the ones as UIT is prolonged by 11 multiples of the ones as welded only.

Study of closure welded joint between penstock and spiral case

In this paper, the closure-welded joint is studied through experiment after canceling telescopic joint of penstock in the hydropower station at dam toe. The closure-welded joint includes butt joint and lap joint and each has its own characteristics. According to calculation and experiment, these two joints can meet the requirements of design. There are little axial contraction and low restraint stress in the lap joint. Using some technologies, the restraint stress in butt joint can be reduced and cracks can be prevented. The lap joint has more complex stress distribution and higher stress concentration factor than butt joint. It is advantageous for safe running of penstock to use butt joint.

模拟海水环境下G20Mn5QT/Q355异种钢对接焊接接头腐蚀疲劳性能试验研究

金属材料焊接接头的腐蚀疲劳失效往往会引发严重的工程事故。本工作对G20Mn5QT/Q355异种钢对接焊接接头在模拟海水环境下的腐蚀疲劳性能进行了研究,开展了其在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀疲劳试验,并对腐蚀疲劳断口进行了扫描电子显微镜试验,分析了其腐蚀疲劳的失效机理。揭示了在较大应力水平(>220 MPa)下,母材缺陷及焊接缺陷是导致裂纹形核的主要原因;而在较小应力水平(≤220 MPa)下,表面蚀坑是导致裂纹形核的主要原因。分别采用Stromeyer公式与基于三参数威布尔分布的模型建立了对接焊接接头的腐蚀疲劳寿命预测方法,结果表明三参数威布尔分布的腐蚀疲劳S-N曲线拟合精度更高,对实际工程疲劳设计具有指导意义。

焊趾工艺优化对压力管道对接接头残余应力的影响

为探讨焊趾工艺优化方案对压力管道对接接头残余应力分布的影响,以提高管道的疲劳寿命和整体性能。通过设计三种不同的焊趾工艺优化方案,利用有限元分析模拟了三种方案对X70管线钢对接接头周向和轴向残余应力的影响,并采用盲孔法对仿真结果进行了验证。仿真和试验结果表明,三种优化方案的周向和轴向残余应力变化趋势基本一致;焊趾位置凹形过渡(方案2)在减少应力峰值和平均应力方面表现最佳,其周向残余应力峰值为539.22 MPa,轴向应力峰值为204.57 MPa;盲孔法测量结果显示,残余应力仿真与试验结果趋势一致,误差控制在8.5%以内,该结果验证了仿真模型的可靠性。焊趾位置的凹形过渡设计能有效降低残余应力,提高压力管道的安全性和耐用性。

对接接头缺口应力集中系数不确定性分析

[目的]以典型对接接头为研究对象进行参数化建模,建立焊缝几何形状存在不确定性的有限元模型,来研究焊缝几何存在不确定性的对接接头焊趾处缺口应力集中系数K_(t),并统计分析其分布规律。[方法]首先,对以往采用的网格尺寸和单元类型进行改进,通过有限元网格敏感性分析,研究不同类型的单元以及网格尺寸对K_(t)的影响;其次,沿对接接头焊缝法向提取节点应力,通过绘制应力分布图,确定焊趾处最大应力集中所在部位;然后,通过引入控制点描述对接焊缝几何形状的变化来真实反映焊缝几何形状的不确定性,结合实际测量的焊缝形状数据的分布规律,随机抽样得到大量的焊缝几何参数数据;最后,基于缺口应力法计算K_(t),并对其进行统计分析,探究对接接头在焊缝几何参数存在不确定性时K_(t)的分布规律。[结果]结果表明,K_(t)的分布满足正态分布。[结论]通过探究焊趾处的应力分布,对于分析疲劳强度和提高疲劳寿命预测精度具有重要意义。

PE100级聚乙烯管热熔接头结晶度测定

以城镇燃气用PE100级聚乙烯管热熔接头为研究对象,制作典型温度区间的冷焊缺陷接头,采用X射线衍射仪测量接头材料的结晶度,得到冷焊缺陷安全评估的依据。结果表明:冷焊接头的结晶度与接头焊接温度密切相关,在焊接温度为210,230℃时的结晶度均最大,130℃冷焊和250℃过焊温度时的结晶度均较低;当结晶度增大时,最高峰向着衍射角增加的方向移动,130,150℃时的冷焊缺陷半峰宽均达1.3°以上,分子链排布无序性加大。

基于内聚力模型的气波机振荡管304对接钎焊接头拉伸强度研究

气波机核心部件振荡管采用钎焊连接,钎焊接头拉伸性能对气波机结构强度具有重要影响。为了对钎焊接头界面裂纹扩展过程进行探究,笔者针对气波机振荡管钎焊结构,制备304对接钎焊接头试样进行拉伸试验,并对拉伸断口进行形貌分析,断口处表现为韧性断裂;基于内聚力模型,开发了VUMAT子程序,进行了有限元模拟分析。模拟断裂载荷为5 039 N,试验值为5 242 N,2者误差为3.9%,验证了模拟的准确性,结果表明内聚力模型可以较好地模拟气波机振荡管钎焊接头的裂纹萌生与扩展过程。在此基础上研究焊缝缺陷对钎焊接头断裂载荷的影响,发现缺陷处内聚力单元损伤速率加快,引起断裂载荷显著下降。

钢轨固定闪光焊接头及母材拉伸性能分析

测试了型式检验不同成套工艺下的钢轨固定闪光焊接头及其母材的拉伸性能,分析了拉伸试样的断裂原因。结果表明:热处理钢轨各部位拉伸强度(Rm和Rp0.2)波动较大,其中轨头最高,但是经过固定焊后的接头各部位拉伸强度趋于一致。钢轨及其固定焊接头的屈强比在0.58~0.63。采用固定焊成型的接头具有优异的拉伸强度,热轧钢轨接头抗拉强度可达到母材的99%~126%,热处理钢轨接头抗拉强度可达到92%~95%。焊后接头的韧性普遍下降明显,接头的断后延伸率(A)占到母材的47%~86%,表明焊接生产工艺尚有优化空间。统计发现,接头拉伸试样一般断在焊缝中心或焊后热处理软化区,如果焊缝没有缺陷,拉伸试样基本都断在软化区,灰斑和MnS夹杂可显著弱化焊缝的拉伸性能。母材的MnS偏析降低了钢轨的焊接性。建议钢厂严格控制钢轨母材轨腰MnS偏析,提高钢轨焊接性;同时建议焊轨厂持续优化生产工艺,减少焊缝灰斑,提高焊接接头的韧塑性。

自动焊接技术在指套管焊接中的应用

为缩短指套管更换时间、减少核电大修工作时间,指套管出现磨损时可通过焊接封堵工艺临时封堵磨损严重的指套管,当封堵的指套管数量不满足堆芯中子测量需求时再进行统一更换。根据指套管材质、结构特点及手工焊修复的难点,研发指套管堵管自动焊接工艺,提高指套管堵管焊接修复质量,可以使焊接工作人员免受环境剂量侵害。通过调节焊接基值电流、峰值电流、电弧电压和保护气流量,最终获得表面无缺陷、余高满足要求的焊接参数和焊接试件。试验结果表明:焊接电流在60~66A之间变化,指套管与堵头能够实现良好的熔融与连接,并能够得到表面无缺陷、余高≤0.1mm的焊缝,焊缝组织形貌符合RCC-M要求。该焊接参数的开发对核电现场焊接施工具有指导意义。

热处理工艺对M390/304闪光对焊焊接接头微观组织及力学性能的影响

本工作基于提高M390高碳马氏体不锈钢与304奥氏体不锈钢焊接接头的力学性能并且使M390/304焊接接头达到高端刀具的硬度要求,对闪光对焊的M390/304焊接接头进行不同热处理工艺研究。实验采用拉伸、维氏显微硬度测试及扫描电镜(SEM)表征不同热处理工艺的焊接接头的力学性能及微观组织演变,并通过线扫描研究了不同热处理工艺下焊接接头的元素扩散,揭示了不同热处理工艺下焊接接头的断裂机理。研究结果表明,1150℃空冷热处理工艺为M390/304闪光对焊焊接接头的最佳热处理工艺,对应的抗拉强度和延伸率分别为494 MPa和15.7%,分别比焊态提高了2.7%和182%。延伸率显著提高是由于在1150℃空冷工艺下焊接接头的元素扩散程度较大,焊缝中化学成分的均匀性得到提高。不同热处理工艺下焊接接头的断裂类型均为脆性断裂,但断裂位置并不相同。断裂位置的变化是由于不同热处理工艺下C、Cr、Ni等元素的扩散程度不同,焊缝中碳化物的尺寸和形貌也不同,导致焊缝中第二相强化作用不同。

激光焊缝跟踪系统设计与应用

针对当前小型生产车间难以做到智能化生产问题,设计一套智能焊接系统,使机器人在焊接过程中可以对搭接焊缝、对接焊缝的路线进行精确跟踪。以ABB公司irb1600机器人为载体,实现机器人与传感器的通信,通过校准传感器的视觉以及对算法的设定,使传感器识别到焊缝的特征点,并通过特征点的位置与校准的位置误差反馈给机器人纠偏信号。使用ABB机器人专用的编程指令编写程序,通过上位机实时对传感器的视觉进行监控并做出调整。实验结果表明:此系统针对不同的焊缝均可实现精确跟踪,有效提高焊接质量与效率。

基于压条拘束的薄板接头焊接失稳控制

将焊接试验与数值模拟相结合,对采用压条拘束控制的2种典型焊接接头失稳变形机理进行了研究。基于热-弹-塑性有限元方法,分别再现5mm厚对接接头和T型接头在常规自由态和压条拘束下的焊接过程,将2种接头计算得到的面外变形与焊接试验后测量的面外变形进行对比,从而验证所采用的有限元计算方法的准确性。分别计算对接接头与T型接头在不同压条拘束距离下的面外变形,并分析拘束距离对2种接头焊接失稳变形的控制效果;比较不同拘束距离下接头的焊接温度场及固有变形,阐明压条拘束控制2种焊接接头失稳变形的机理。结果表明:施加压条拘束使对接接头的纵向固有收缩和横向固有弯曲均减小,从而控制其焊接失稳变形;T型接头施加压条拘束后,几乎不影响纵向固有收缩,但使得横向固有弯曲显著减小,从而达到控制焊接失稳变形的效果。

Laser Beam Welding of 600 MPa Quenched and Tempered High-Strength Steel

Conventional fusion arc welding of high-strength quenched and tempered steel can be improved through the use of non-conventional laser beam welding. This article presents the investigations of autogenous bead on plate and butt CO2 Laser Welding (LW) of 7 mm thick high-strength quenched and tempered low alloy SM570 (JIS) steel plates. The influence of laser welding parameters, mainly welding speed, defocusing distance and shielding gas flow rate on the weld profile, i.e., weld zone penetration depth and width, microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints was determined. All welded joints showed smooth and uniform weld beads free from superficial porosity and undercuts. The selected best welding conditions were a laser power of 5.0 kW, welding speed of 500 mm/min, argon gas shielding flow rate of 30 L/min and a defocusing distance of -0.5 mm. It was observed that these conditions gave complete penetration and minimized the width of the weld bead. The microstructure of the welded joints was evaluated by light optical microscopy. The weld metal (WM) and heat-affected zone (HAZ) near weld metal achieved maximum hardness (355 HV). The tensile fractured samples showed the ductile mode of failure and ultimate tensile strength of 580 MPa.

6082铝合金中厚板高频脉冲MIG对接焊接头的组织和性能分析

采用高频脉冲MIG焊进行6082-T6铝合金15 mm中厚板对接焊,研究接头成形、微观组织和力学性能。接头条件为:坡口角度40°,焊接间隙1 mm,钝边0.5 mm,3层3道。结果表明:与常规脉冲MIG焊(深熔焊模式)相比,在相同的接头条件、焊接热输入降低约11%的状况下(常规脉冲MIG焊热输入为17.12 kJ/cm,高频脉冲MIG焊热输入为15.21 kJ/cm),高频脉冲MIG深熔焊的根部熔深增加约14%,两种焊接方法接头的组织类型相同,均为α-Al基体+化合物析出相,但常规脉冲MIG焊接头过热区的晶粒明显较为粗大;拉伸试样均断在热影响区处,断口呈典型的韧性断裂形貌,高频脉冲MIG接头的强度系数约为79%,较常规脉冲MIG焊接头的高出约4%;侧弯试样弯曲180°后,受拉面均无裂纹,焊接接头的塑性及熔合良好。对于6082-T6铝合金15 mm板厚的对接接头,高频脉冲MIG焊的焊接成形及接头的组织和性能优于常规脉冲MIG焊。

固定闪光焊接头轨底过热区微裂纹产生原因及控制措施

针对固定闪光焊接头轨底过热区微裂纹问题,通过逐层磨削、超声波探伤、金相检验的试验方法对3种不同状态的固定闪光焊接头进行检验与分析,明确固定闪光焊接头轨底微裂纹的产生原因并提出控制措施。结果表明:接头轨底下表面存在的微裂纹缺陷是引起固定闪光焊接头轨底轻伤的原因;微裂纹是在推凸过程中产生的推凸裂纹,探伤得到的伤损严重程度与微裂纹的总体积及分布密度相关;增大推凸余高、提高焊接热输入、增大顶锻力、提高母材的纯净度和均质化程度均可以有效降低轨底微裂纹的严重程度,但要结合操作的复杂程度和成本进行综合考虑。

既有线伤损钢轨移动闪光焊接施工技术现状

铁路线路的维修维护是保证运输安全与稳定的重要工作,采用闪光焊接方法处理无缝线路中伤损钢轨的效果较好。概述了既有线闪光焊施工技术现状,包括线下焊接、线上焊接和插入焊3种施工方式;分析总结了3种方式存在的问题和解决方法;对既有线闪光焊施工技术的进一步发展提出展望。

工艺参数对平板对接焊温度场及残余应力的影响

焊接变形和残余应力对集装箱船的建造质量有着重要影响,通过优化焊接工艺可以有效提高其结构的焊接质量。为选择合理的焊接工艺参数,文章基于ANSYS软件,建立了船舶平板对接焊的有限元分析模型,采用高斯热源模型,对接头的温度场及应力变形进行了数值模拟,并将焊接电流、焊接速度和板厚对平板对接焊残余应力场及变形的影响规律进行了分析和总结,对实际生产中集装箱船结构焊接质量的控制具有一定的参考价值。