There are billions of tiny scales on the butterfly wings, which array regularly as the tiles on the roof. Such tilts can form various colors of the wing and afford the species many abilities to survive and propagate. ...There are billions of tiny scales on the butterfly wings, which array regularly as the tiles on the roof. Such tilts can form various colors of the wing and afford the species many abilities to survive and propagate. Morphological experiments on the wing scales of six butterfly species living in northeast of China were conducted. By the optics microscope; the form, geometry dimension and array of the scales were observed generally. By using scanning electron microscope （SEM）, the 2D scanning and measurement were carried out and the surface micro configurations of scales were observed. The dimension and microstructure characteristics of the cross section of single scale were achieved through transmission electron microscope （TEM）. Finally, by using 3D software, three 3D models were described and the 3D visual effect was achieved. This work can put forward a basic method for the future study on the morphology of biological microstructure.展开更多
Morpho butterfly, famous for its iridescence wing scales, has gradually evolved a diversity of functions and has attracted much attention recently. On the other hand, it is known that the wing surface of Morpho butter...Morpho butterfly, famous for its iridescence wing scales, has gradually evolved a diversity of functions and has attracted much attention recently. On the other hand, it is known that the wing surface of Morpho butterfly has some complex and so- phisticated structures. In fact, they are composed of an alternating multilayer film system of chitin and air layers, which have different refractive indexes. More importantly, these structures can interact strongly with visible light because the feature size of the structures is in the same order of magnitude with light wavelength. It is noteworthy that it is these optical architectures that cause the excellent multifunction including structural color, antireflection, thermal response, selective vapour response, direc- tional adhesion, superhydrophobicity and so on. This review mainly covers the excellent multifunctional features of Morpho butterfly wings with representative functional structures of multilayer film system, photonic crystal and ridges. Then, the mechanism of the structure-based optical multifunction of Morpho butterfly is analyzed. In order to facilitate mechanism analysis, the models of bionic functional structures are reported, as well as the interaction process between the multiscale structures and the external media It is concluded that these functions of Morpho butterfly wings have inevitable and corre- sponding regularity connection with the structural parameters and the dielectric coefficient of the filled medium. At last, the future direction and prospects of this field are briefly addressed. It is hoped that this review could be beneficial to provide some innovative insoirations and new ideas to the researchers in the fields of engineering, biomedicine, and materials science.展开更多
基金The authors are grateful to the financial support provided by the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education （No. 105059）；Fok Ying Tong Education Foundation （No.101020）；the Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30570235,50635030 ）.
文摘There are billions of tiny scales on the butterfly wings, which array regularly as the tiles on the roof. Such tilts can form various colors of the wing and afford the species many abilities to survive and propagate. Morphological experiments on the wing scales of six butterfly species living in northeast of China were conducted. By the optics microscope; the form, geometry dimension and array of the scales were observed generally. By using scanning electron microscope （SEM）, the 2D scanning and measurement were carried out and the surface micro configurations of scales were observed. The dimension and microstructure characteristics of the cross section of single scale were achieved through transmission electron microscope （TEM）. Finally, by using 3D software, three 3D models were described and the 3D visual effect was achieved. This work can put forward a basic method for the future study on the morphology of biological microstructure.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 51325501, 51175220, 51205161 and 51290292）, Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province （No. 20111808）, and the Graduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University （No. 20121085）.
文摘Morpho butterfly, famous for its iridescence wing scales, has gradually evolved a diversity of functions and has attracted much attention recently. On the other hand, it is known that the wing surface of Morpho butterfly has some complex and so- phisticated structures. In fact, they are composed of an alternating multilayer film system of chitin and air layers, which have different refractive indexes. More importantly, these structures can interact strongly with visible light because the feature size of the structures is in the same order of magnitude with light wavelength. It is noteworthy that it is these optical architectures that cause the excellent multifunction including structural color, antireflection, thermal response, selective vapour response, direc- tional adhesion, superhydrophobicity and so on. This review mainly covers the excellent multifunctional features of Morpho butterfly wings with representative functional structures of multilayer film system, photonic crystal and ridges. Then, the mechanism of the structure-based optical multifunction of Morpho butterfly is analyzed. In order to facilitate mechanism analysis, the models of bionic functional structures are reported, as well as the interaction process between the multiscale structures and the external media It is concluded that these functions of Morpho butterfly wings have inevitable and corre- sponding regularity connection with the structural parameters and the dielectric coefficient of the filled medium. At last, the future direction and prospects of this field are briefly addressed. It is hoped that this review could be beneficial to provide some innovative insoirations and new ideas to the researchers in the fields of engineering, biomedicine, and materials science.
