Understanding activity of butyrate at a cellular level

Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid of four carbons in length that is a by-product produced by the microbial fermentation of dietary fiber and undigested carbohydrates within the colon.Over the years,butyrate has attracted significant attention due to its diverse roles within cells.

Coated sodium butyrate ameliorates high‑energy and low‑protein diet induced hepatic dysfunction via modulating mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy and apoptosis in laying hens

Background Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome(FLHS),a fatty liver disease in laying hens,poses a grave threat to the layer industry,stemming from its ability to trigger an alarming plummet in egg production and usher in acute mortality among laying hens.Increasing evidence suggests that the onset and progression of fatty liver was closely related to mitochondria dysfunction.Sodium butyrate was demonstrated to modulate hepatic lipid metabolism,alle-viate oxidative stress and improve mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro and mice models.Nevertheless,there is limited existing research on coated sodium butyrate(CSB)to prevent FLHS in laying hens,and whether and how CSB exerts the anti-FLHS effect still needs to be explored.In this experiment,the FLHS model was induced by administering a high-energy low-protein(HELP)diet in laying hens.The objective was to investigate the effects of CSB on alleviating FLHS with a focus on the role of CSB in modulating mitochondrial function.Methods A total of 288 healthy 28-week-old Huafeng laying hens were arbitrarily allocated into 4 groups with 6 replicates each,namely,the CON group(normal diet),HELP group(HELP diet),CH500 group(500 mg/kg CSB added to HELP diet)and CH750 group(750 mg/kg CSB added to HELP diet).The duration of the trial encompassed a period of 10 weeks.Results The result revealed that CSB ameliorated the HELP-induced FLHS by improving hepatic steatosis and patho-logical damage,reducing the gene levels of fatty acid synthesis,and promoting the mRNA levels of key enzymes of fatty acid catabolism.CSB reduced oxidative stress induced by the HELP diet,upregulated the activity of GSH-Px and SOD,and decreased the content of MDA and ROS.CSB also mitigated the HELP diet-induced inflammatory response by blocking TNF-α,IL-1β,and F4/80.In addition,dietary CSB supplementation attenuated HELP-induced activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response(UPRmt),mitochondrial damage,and decline of ATPase activity.HELP diet decreased the autophagosome formation,and downregulated LC3B but upregulated p62 protein expression,which CSB administration reversed.CSB reduced HELP-induced apoptosis,as indicated by decreases in the Bax/Bcl-2,Caspase-9,Caspase-3,and Cyt C expression levels.Conclusions Dietary CSB could ameliorate HELP diet-induced hepatic dysfunction via modulating mitochondrial dynamics,autophagy,and apoptosis in laying hens.Consequently,CSB,as a feed additive,exhibited the capacity to prevent FLHS by modulating autophagy and lipid metabolism.

Dietary sodium acetate and sodium butyrate improve high-carbohydrate diet utilization by regulating gut microbiota, liver lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation in largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)

Background Adequate level of carbohydrates in aquafeeds help to conserve protein and reduce cost. However, studies have indicated that high-carbohydrate(HC) diet disrupt the homeostasis of the gut–liver axis in largemouth bass, resulting in decreased intestinal acetate and butyrate level.Method Herein, we had concepted a set of feeding experiment to assess the effects of dietary sodium acetate(SA) and sodium butyrate(SB) on liver health and the intestinal microbiota in largemouth bass fed an HC diet. The experimental design comprised 5 isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets, including LC(9% starch), HC(18% starch), HCSA(18% starch;2 g/kg SA), HCSB(18% starch;2 g/kg SB), and HCSASB(18% starch;1 g/kg SA + 1 g/kg SB). Juvenile largemouth bass with an initial body weight of 7.00 ± 0.20 g were fed on these diets for 56 d.Results We found that dietary SA and SB reduced hepatic triglyceride accumulation by activating autophagy(ATG101, LC3B and TFEB), promoting lipolysis(CPT1α, HSL and AMPKα), and inhibiting adipogenesis(FAS, ACCA, SCD1 and PPARγ). In addition, SA and SB decreased oxidative stress in the liver(CAT, GPX1α and SOD1) by activating the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Meanwhile, SA and SB alleviated HC-induced inflammation by downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory factors(IL-1β, COX2 and Hepcidin1) through the NF-κB pathway. Importantly, SA and SB increased the abundance of bacteria that produced acetic acid and butyrate(Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1). Combined with the KEGG analysis, the results showed that SA and SB enriched carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism pathways, thereby improving the utilization of carbohydrates. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that growth performance was closely related to hepatic lipid deposition, autophagy, antioxidant capacity, inflammation, and intestinal microbial composition.Conclusions In conclusion, dietary SA and SB can reduce hepatic lipid deposition;and alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation in largemouth bass fed on HC diet. These beneficial effects may be due to the altered composition of the gut microbiota caused by SA and SB. The improvement effects of SB were stronger than those associated with SA.

Sodium butyrate alleviates fructose-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by remodeling gut microbiota to promoteγ-amino butyric acid production

Sodium butyrate(NaB)can regulate lipid metabolism and inhibit hepatic steatosis.This study aimed to investigate whether NaB can alleviate fructose-induced hepat ic steatosis via remodeling the gut microbiota and evaluate the anti-fatty liver mechanisms.The results showed that NaB and NaB-remodeled gut microbiota significantly alleviated fructose-induced hepatic steatosis and increased plasma uric acid and fructose levels.Furthermore,both NaB and NaB-remodeled gut microbiota increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and altered the levels of plasma amino acids(upregulating gamma-amino butyric acid(GABA)and downregulating L-glutamic acid and L-arginine)in fructose-exposed mice.The correlation analysis showed that GABA levels positively correlated with Lactobacillus abundance,and increased GABA levels might promote the reduction of the hepatic triglyceride content.Further studies confirmed that GABA significantly reduced lipid deposition in mouse hepatocytes induced via fructose pretreatment in vitro.These findings suggested that NaB could ameliorate fructose-induced hepatic steatosis by regulating gut microbiota.

Alginate oligosaccharide-mediated butyrate-HIF-1α axis improves skin aging in mice

The“gut-skin”axis has been proved and is considered as a novel therapy for the prevention of skin aging.The antioxidant efficacy of oligomannonic acid(MAOS)makes it an intriguing target for use to improve skin aging.The present study further explored whereby MAOS-mediated gut-skin axis balance prevented skin aging in mice.The data indicated the skin aging phenotypes,oxidative stress,skin mitochondrial dysfunction,and intestinal dysbiosis(especially the butyrate and HIF-1a levels decreased)in aging mice.Similarly,fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)from aging mice rebuild the aging-like phenotypes.Further,we demonstrated MAOS-mediated colonic butyrate-HIF-1a axis homeostasis promoted the entry of butyrate into the skin,upregulated mitophagy level and ultimately improving skin aging via HDAC3/PHD/HIF-1a/mitophagy loop in skin of mice.Overall,our study offered a better insights of the effectiveness of alginate oligosaccharides(AOS),promised to become a personalized targeted therapeutic agents,on gut-skin axis disorder inducing skin aging.

扶正解毒方联合信迪利单抗+Nab-PP方案治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌患者临床观察

目的:观察扶正解毒方联合新替利单抗+Nab-PP方案治疗晚期癌症的疗效和安全性。方法:选择2022年1月—2023年5月徐州市中医医院收治的40例晚期癌症患者。采用随机分组法分为对照组和治疗组,每组20例。对照组单用信迪利单抗+Nab-PP方案治疗,治疗组用信迪利单抗+Nab PP方案联合扶正解毒治疗。观察两组患者4个疗程后的疾病控制率、治疗前后肿瘤标志物指标、中医证候积分变化及不良反应。结果:治疗组的疾病控制率为80.0%,对照组为70.0%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗组血清细胞角蛋白19片段、糖类抗原125和癌胚抗原水平较治疗前下降,具有统计学意义(P<0.05),与对照组比较,下降更为显著,具有统计学显著性(P<0.05),糖类抗原125的下降无统计学意义(P>0.05)。中医证候积分比较,治疗组分数低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在呕吐、腹泻、食欲减退等方面的不良反应,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但在皮疹、甲状腺功能障碍、骨髓抑制等方面优于对照组,但无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:扶正解毒方能有效改善晚期癌症非小细胞肺癌患者的生活质量,提高信迪利单抗+Nab-PP方案的疗效,减少不良反应。

NAB2-STAT6融合基因及STAT6在眼眶孤立性纤维性肿瘤中的表达及意义

目的探讨NAB2-STAT6融合基因和STAT6在眼眶孤立性纤维性肿瘤(solitary fibrous tumor,SFT)中的表达及意义。方法采用qRT-PCR和免疫组化EnVision法检测19例眼眶SFT、16例眼眶神经纤维瘤、14例眼眶神经鞘瘤及8例眼眶纤维组织细胞瘤中4种NAB2-STAT6融合基因、STAT6、CD34和CD99的表达,并探讨其临床病理学意义。结果19例眼眶SFT中16例完成qRT-PCR检测,其中10例检测出NAB2 exon6-STAT6 exon17融合基因,阳性率为62.5%,未检测出其他3种融合形式,在恶性及复发病例中NAB2 exon6-STAT6 exon17融合基因具有更高的检出率;STAT6在眼眶SFT中的阳性率为100%(19/19),在8例眼眶纤维组织细胞瘤中3例呈弱阳性,在眼眶神经纤维瘤和神经鞘瘤中均呈阴性,CD34和CD99在眼眶SFT中的阳性率分别为84.2%和63.2%。结论眼眶SFT具有部位的特殊性,其中存在较高的NAB2-STAT6融合基因表达率,以NAB2 exon6-STAT6 exon17融合基因为主,在恶性及复发性SFT中表达率更高,免疫组化标记STAT6具有很高的灵敏度与特异性,可作为较理想的免疫组化指标。

HNAB的制备及其热分解动力学

以2,4,6-三硝基氯苯为原料,经亲核取代、九水合硝酸铁研磨氧化制得2,2',4,4',6,6'-六硝基偶氮苯(HNAB)。利用MS,IR和1H NMR对中间体和最终产物的结构进行了表征,并对各反应条件进行了优化。亲核取代反应较优工艺为:硫酸肼2.0 g,2,4,6-三硝基氯苯7.6 g,甲醇15 mL,三乙胺6 mL,反应温度45℃,反应时间24 h;氧化反应较优工艺为:1,2-二(2,4,6-三硝基苯基)肼2.0 g,九水合硝酸铁7.1 g,累计研磨8 h,总收率68.5%。利用DSC和TG研究了HNAB的热行为。由Ozawa法计算得热分解机理为n=1的成核和核生长机理,机理函数为f(α)=(1-α),其活化能和指前因子分别为123.48 kJ·mol-1,3.965×1011s-1。

NaB对人卵巢上皮癌细胞株3AO增殖和凋亡的影响

目的探讨丁酸钠(N aB)对人卵巢上皮癌细胞株3AO增殖和凋亡的影响及其作用机制。方法用不同浓度N aB对3AO细胞作用不同时间,观察其对3AO细胞增殖活性的影响,分析细胞周期、DNA含量和细胞凋亡率的变化。结果随培养时间延长,N aB浓度≥4mm o l/L时,3AO细胞皱缩,数量渐减;同一N aB浓度下,3AO细胞增殖抑制率随作用时间的延长有增加趋势;N aB浓度为4mm o l/L、8mm o l/L、12mm o l/L时,对3AO细胞增殖有明显抑制作用;N aB作用72h,随浓度升高,增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)阳性细胞百分率逐渐下降,与对照组相比差异有显著性,P<0.05。N aB作用24h开始出现细胞周期阻滞,随浓度增高,G1期细胞增多,S期细胞减少,作用48h,出现细胞凋亡峰;增加N aB浓度或相同浓度增加作用时间,凋亡峰增高。结论N aB呈剂量、时间依赖模式影响卵巢上皮癌细胞株3AO的体外增殖,可能通过G1期阻滞诱导卵巢上皮癌细胞凋亡。

小型NAB光纤耦合医用激光器

本文报道了以（3×21）mm3的小型脉冲氙灯泵浦（3×21）mm3的NAB晶体的脉冲激光器，通过聚焦系统和光纤耦合组成体积小，重量轻，携带方便的小型光纤耦合医用激光器。

丁酸盐对炎症性肠病保护作用的实验研究

目的:探究丁酸盐(BT)在炎症性肠病(IBD)细胞模型中的保护作用。方法:将人正常结肠上皮细胞(FHC)进行培育,用脂多糖(LPS)诱导构建炎症性肠病细胞模型,分为对照组、炎症组及0.25 mmol/L BT+LPS组、0.5mmol/L BT+LPS组、1 mmol/L BT+LPS组。其中对照组正常培育,不需额外添加任何试剂,炎症组加入浓度为100 g/mL的LPS刺激FHC细胞24 h;BT+LPS组分别加入相应浓度(0.25、0.5、1 mmol/L)的BT干预FHC细胞24 h,再加入浓度为100 g/mL的LPS刺激24 h。使用不同浓度(0、0.5、1、2、5 mmol/L)的BT作用于FHC细胞24 h和48 h后,通过细胞活力检测确定BT的浓度范围;然后分别使用0.25、0.5及1 mmol/L的BT溶液干预FHC细胞24 h后,加入100 g/mL的LPS作用24 h,RT-qPCR和ELISA分别检测对照组、炎症组、0.25 mmol/L BT+LPS组、0.5 mmol/L BT+LPS组和1 mmol/L BT+LPS组中COX-2、白细胞介素(IL)-6 mRNA以及蛋白的水平,明确BT对FHC细胞的保护作用与浓度的关系;最后电镜观察对照组、炎症组及1 mmol/L BT+LPS组中细胞的微观结构变化。结果:BT的浓度在1 mmol/L以下时FHC细胞活力在90%以上,并且作用24 h和48 h后细胞活力无明显变化。RT-qPCR结果显示,与对照组相比,炎症组中COX-2 mRNA、IL-6 mRNA升高(均P<0.001);与炎症组相比,1 mmol/L BT+LPS组COX-2 mRNA和IL-6 mRNA降低(t=3.384、4.722,均P<0.05);0.5 mmol/L BT+LPS组COX-2 mRNA和IL-6 mRNA水平降低(t=2.817、3.753,均P<0.05);0.25 mmol/L BT+LPS组COX-2 mRNA和IL-6 mRNA水平差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。与0.5 mmol/L BT+LPS组比较,1 mmol/L BT+LPS组COX-2 mRNA和IL-6 mRNA(t=4.561、5.196,均P<0.05)差异具有统计学意义。ELISA结果显示,与对照组相比,炎症组COX-2和IL-6表达水平升高(均P<0.001);与炎症组相比,1 mmol/L BT+LPS组COX-2和IL-6水平降低(t=4.547、3.452,均P<0.001);0.5 mmol/L BT+LPS组COX-2和L-6水平降低(t=2.927、3.265,均P<0.05);0.25 mmol/L BT+LPS组COX-2和IL-6水平差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。与0.5 mmol/L BT+LPS组比较,1 mmol/L BT+LPS组IL-6和COX-2水平(t=4.674、3.217,均P<0.05)差异具有统计学意义。电镜下对照组FHC细胞展现出正常且完整的微观结构,实验组FHC细胞微绒毛变稀疏,紧密连接结构被破坏,1 mmol/L BT+LPS组FHC细胞微绒毛呈现部分脱落,紧密连接结构破坏减轻。结论:BT浓度在1 mmol/L以下时,对炎症性肠病细胞模型的保护作用随浓度的增加而增强。

NAB和NYAB晶体的斯塔克能级

在液氮温度下测量ＮＡＢ和ＮＹＡＢ的全波段吸收光谱，并由此初步指认了ＮＡＢ和ＮＹＡＢ的斯塔克能级，利用Ｊ－Ｒ理论首次对ＮＡＢ和ＮＹＡＢ的斯塔克能级进行了全谱项拟合计算，并作了正确的指认。

行业融合促进电影技术新发展——从美国NAB展会看电影技术发展现状

一、综述美国广播影视展(National Association of Broadcasters,以下简称NAB展会)由美国国家广播电视协会主办,是全球最大的广播电影电视技术展会,展示当前影视传媒行业的各种新产品、新技术,是行业技术发展的风向标。

硼酸钇铝(NAB)——LD泵浦微型激光器的好材料——再谈自激活激光晶体在激光技术上的应用

Starting from the data obtained recently,that the crystal yttrium aluminum borat e(NAB)is an ideal material for LD pumped microchip laser is demonstrated.Coopera ting with Material Physics Department of Autonoma University of Madrid,Ti:sappir e laser was used to simulate laser diode to pump a NAB crystal sample of 0.3mm t hickness.For incident pump power of 375mW,laser output power at 1.064μm reach 1 57mW with optical to optical efficiency as high as 42%.The corresponding effici e ncy at 1.341μm is 25%.Output laser beams belong to TEM 00 mode.The thresho ld of laser oscillation at 1.064μm were 13,18,30,100 and 140mW for output mirr ors with transmittance of 0.36%,1%,2%,4% and 6% respectively.NAB crystal has a wide and flat absorption band with half high width of 45nm for pump light and so th e temperature shift of the laser diode wavelength will not affect the pumping effi ciency.All the advantages mentioned show the this crystal is obviously an ideal material for LD pumped microchip laser. Therefrom,the possible application of a series of self ativated laser crystal developed in the seventies years 20th century will be discussed in the case of L D lasers have been well developed.

NaB_5H_n团簇的几何结构与电子性质的理论研究

使用密度泛函理论(DFT)的杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法在6-311+g(d)基组水平上对NaB5Hn团簇各种可能的构型进行几何结构优化,预测了各团簇的最稳定结构:并对最稳定结构的平均结合能(Eb),二阶能量差分(△2E)和能隙(Eg)等进行了理论研究:结果表明,随着氢原子数的增加,NaB5Hn团簇的结构由平面转变为复杂的三维立体结构,当氢原子数小于4时,簇的结构为平面构型,其他所有的团簇都是三维立体结构;NaB5Hn团簇的平均结合能、二阶差分能和能隙等均表现出明显的"奇-偶"振荡和"幻数"效应;NaB5H8,NaB5H12,NaB5H18和NaB5H20团簇稳定性大于NaB5Hn中的其他团簇,为NaB5Hn团簇中最稳定的几种团簇。

’96NAB见闻

’９６ＮＡＢ见闻曹青（中央电视台）１９９６年４月１４～１８日，’９６ＮＡＢ（美国全国广播机构协会的年会）在美国西部城市拉斯维加斯拉开帷幕，这次年会分为学术研讨会和广播电视专业设备展览会。展览分别设在拉斯维加斯的会议中心和Ｓａｎｄｓ饭店的会议中心，作为...

原发性鼻腔孤立性纤维性肿瘤1例

目的对发生于鼻腔的孤立性纤维性肿瘤(SFT)的临床病理特点、分子特征、鉴别诊断及治疗预后进行总结,以加强对此类疾病的认识。方法通过报道1例69岁老年男性,因鼻咽后壁新生物就诊,经病理学诊断为原发于鼻腔的SFT,同时结合既往文献资料,以期加强对该疾病的认识。结果SFT是一种间叶源性的软组织肿瘤,发生于鼻腔和鼻窦的SFT,占所有鼻窦肿瘤<0.1%。结论鼻腔是SFT的罕见发生部位,病理检查是其诊断的金标准。

NAB2004播出系统最新技术动态

2004年NAB刚刚落下帷幕,回顾这一世界上电视领域规模最大的盛会,最突出的印象是全面的数字化和获得迅速发展的高清电视.近期广泛建设的数字播出系统与常规频道相比有其自身显著的特点,综合考虑先进性、实用性与安全性等的因素,系统设计相对集中,多频道组合成为一体.

NAB2007技术考察报告

结合中央电视台正在进行的新台址的工艺框架设计,此次我们赴NAB展览会的主要目的是探询业界的最新技术动态,为新台址电视工艺系统的框架结构设计提供参考依据。同时考察各参展厂家的系统、设备进展以及其核心技术,完善框架设计的流程。

美国电视二十一世纪的主题:DTV——’98NAB观感

应香港永达公司的邀请,我们各地电视台一行14人,从广州出发于当地时间5月4日到达美国,参加在拉斯维加斯举行的’98全美广播电视展览会。