Intense red emitting mechanoluminescence from CaZnOS:Mn,Li with c-axis preferred orientation

We report that the co-doping of Li^(+)ions significantly enhances the crystallinity and mechanoluminescence(ML)intensity of CaZnOS:Mn.The prepared CaZnOS:Mn,Li showed a preferred orientation of c-axis,and the particles possessed a plate-like morphology,which could be attributed to the layered structure of CaZnOS.At the same time,the ML induced by compressive load exhibited intense red emission and obvious intensity enhancement by the Li^(+)co-doping.

Preferred Orientation in Nanocomposite Permanent Magnet Materials

Melt-spun （Nd11.4Fe82.9B5.7）0.99M1 ribbons （M = Zr, Nb, Ga, Zr＋ Ga, Nb ＋ Ga）were prepared by melt-spinning technique. Ga addition is found to be effective for the orientation of c-axis of Nd2Fe14B grains perpendicular to the ribbon plane. Better magnetic properties can be achieved by adding both the two kinds of elements Zr ＋ Ga, Nb ＋ Ga, and it is found that the preferred orientation is further improved. The alignment degree changes with ribbon thickness and is highest when ribbon thickness is 120 μm. Heat treatment can improve the texture degree, but lead to coarser grains. Cryogenic treatment is first applied for the treatment of nanocomposite Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe melt-spun ribbons. The effects on magnetic properties and texture degree of nanocomposite magnets after cryogenic treatment were studied. The result shows that cryogenic treatment is beneficial to the enhancement of texture degree of melt-spun ribbon and the grain size has no obvious change.

Relationship between crystal growth mode, preferred orientation and magnetostriction of (Tb_(0.3)Dy_(0.7))Fe_(1.95) alloys

The relationship between crystal growth mode, preferred orientation and magnetostrictive properties of （Tb0.3Dy0.7）Fe1.95 alloys was investigated at different directional solidification rates. The results showed that preferred orientation had a strong influence on the characteristics of （Tb0.3Dy0.7）Fe1.95 alloys. At lower solidification rates, the sample with 〈110〉 preferred orientation showed larger low-field magnetostriction and apparent compressive stress effect. The excessive solidification rate resulted in failure of preferred orientation and a poor magnetostrictive performance. With an increase in solidification rates, the crystal growth modes changed gradually from cellular and primary dendrite morphology to developed dendritic morphology. In addition, domain configurations were observed using magnetic force microscopy, and the change of magnetostrictive properties was interpreted in terms of revealing the domain configurations.

PREFERRED ORIENTATION OF DEPOSITED TiC COATING ON STEEL BY CVD

Investigation was made of the deposited rate,surface morphology and crystal pre- ferred orientation of the dense TiC coating onto austenitic stainless steel in relation with CH_4/TiCl_4 mole ratio and temperature adopted in CVD processing. When the CH_4/TiCl_4 ratio is low or high,the preferred orientation may be(220)or(200),respec- tively,which is mainly dependent on the equilibrium concentration of active C in vapour phase.

Environmental Embrittlement and Preferred Orientation of Cold-Rolled and Annealed Fe_3 (Al,Cr,Zr) Alloy at Ambient Temperature

The room temperature tensile properties of cold rolled and annealed Fe 3(Al,Cr,Zr) alloy are similar to those of warm rolled Fe 3Al alloys. The cold rolled Fe 3(Al,Cr,Zr) alloy is also susceptible to test environments. It has been shown that the ductility in various environments decreases in sequence of oxygen—oil—air—distilled water. The results of X ray diffraction analysis show that (211) preferred orientation of B 2 phase appears in cold rolled Fe 3(Al,Cr,Zr) alloy after recrystallization annealing.

ELECTRO－OXIDATION OF ETHANOL ON HIGHLY PREFERRED ORIENTATION NICKEL ELECTRODE IN NaOH

The electro-oxidation of ethanol on a highly preferred orientation (220) Ni electrode and alower texture degree Ni electrode in 1 mol/L NaoH was investigated with cyclicvoltammetry. The mechanism of ethanol oxidation on the highly preferred orientation Nielectrode is proposed. It is shown that the current peak of electro-oxidation of ethanol onthe highly preferred orientation (220) Ni electrode is much higher than that of the lowertextUre degree (220) Ni electrode, Ni(Ⅲ) on the surface of the highly preferredorientation(220)Ni electrode is responsible for the oxidation ethanol.

Efficient Preparation of Nanoparticle-Reinforced Nickel-based Composite Coating with Highly Preferred(220)Orientation

Nanoparticle-reinforced metal matrix composite coatings have significant potential in mechanical part surface strengthening owing their excellent mechanical properties.This paper reports a phenomenon in which the grain orientation gradually evolves to(220)as the deposition current density increases when preparing nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composite coatings through jet electrodeposition(JED).During the preparation of the Ni-SiC composite coatings,the deposition current density increased from 180 A/dm2 to 220 A/dm2,and TC(220)gradually increase from 41.4%to 97.7%.With an increase of TC(220),the self-corrosion potential increases from−0.575 to−0.477 V,the corrosion current density decreases from 9.52μA/cm^2 to 2.76μA/cm^2,the diameter of the corrosion pits that after 10 days of immersion in a 3.5 wt%NaCl solution decreases from 278–944 nm to 153–260 nm,and the adhesion of the coating increases from 24.9 N to 61.6 N.Compared a conventional electrodeposition(CED),the Ni-SiC composite coating using JED has the advantages of a smooth surface morphology,high corrosion resistance,and strong adhesion,which are more obvious with an increase in TC(220).

Enhanced Ferroelectric Polarization in Laser-ablated Bi4Ti3O12 Thin Films by Controlling Preferred Orientation

Polycrystalline Bi_4Ti_3O_（12） thin films with various fractions of a-axis, c-axis and random orientations have been grown on Pt（111）/Ti/Si O_2/Si substrates by laser-ablation under different kinetic growth conditions. The relationship between the structure and ferroelectric property of the films was investigated, so as to explore the possibility of enhancing ferroelectric polarization by controlling the preferred orientation. The structural characterization indicated that the large growth rate and high oxygen background pressure were both favorable for the growth of non-c-axis oriented grains in the Bi_4Ti_3O_（12） thin films. The films with high fractions of a-axis and random orientations, i e, f（a-sxis） = 28.3% and f（random） = 69.6%, could be obtained at the deposition temperature of 973 K, oxygen partial pressure of 15 Pa and laser fluence of 4.6 J/cm^2, respectively. It was also noted that the variation of ferroelectric polarization was in accordance with the evolution non-c-axis orientation. A large value of remanent polarization（2 Pr = 35.5 μC/cm^2） was obtained for the Bi_4Ti_3O_（12） thin films with significant non-c-axis orientation, even higher than that of rare-earth-doped Bi_4Ti_3O_（12） films.

High temperature thermoelectric properties of highly c-axis oriented Bi_2Sr_2Co_2O_y thin films fabricated by pulsed laser deposition

High-temperature thermoelectric transport property measurements have been performed on the highly c-axis oriented Bi2Sr2Co20v thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition on LaA1Oa （001）. Both the electric resistivity p and the seebeck coefficient S of the film exhibit an increasing trend with the temperature from 300 K-1000 K and reach up to 4.8 m. cm and 202 V/K at 980 K, resulting in a power factor of 0.85 mW/mK which are comparable to those of the single crystalline samples. A small polaron hopping conduction can be responsible for the conduction mechanism of the film at high temperature. The results demonstrate that the Bi2Sr2Co2Oy thin film has potential application has high temperature thin film thermoelectric devices,

The preferences of orientations between the pairs of amino acids

In this work, we make an investigation on the preferences of orientations between amino acids using the orientation defined based on the local geometry of the amino acids concerned. It is found that there are common preferences of orientations （70°, 30°, 140°） and （110°, 340°, 100°） for various pairs of amino acids. Different side chains may strengthen or weaken the common preferences, which is related to the effect of packing. Some amino acids having specific local flexibility may possess some preferences of orientations besides the common ones, such as （10°, 280°, 210°）. Another analysis on the pairs of the amino acids with different secondary-structure preferences shows that the directional interaction may affect the distribution of orientation more effectively than the packing or local flexibility. All these results provide us some insight of the organization of amino acids in protein, and their relation with some related interactions.

Preferable Orientations of Interacting C_(60) Molecules inside Single Wall Boron Nitride Nanotubes

This work focuses on the preferable orientation analysis of the hybrid system where the C60 molecules are encap- sulated inside the boron nitride nanotubes by using the two-molecule model. The low-energy state can be acquired in the contour map, which provides the visual information of the systematical van der Waals interaction potential for the C60 molecules adopting different orientations. Our results show that the C60 molecules exhibit the pre- ferred pentagon and hexagon orientations with the tube＇s diameter smaller and larger than 13.55A, respectively. The preferred two-bond orientation obtained in the single-molecule model is absent in this study, indicating that the intermolecular interaction of adjacent C60 molecules plays an important role in the orientational behaviors of this peapod structure.

松辽盆地南部岩石圈地幔变形特征及各向异性分析——来自橄榄岩包体的约束

SKS测量结果显示松辽盆地快波方向分布较为复杂,由于缺乏深部岩石变形资料约束,制约了地震波各向异性成因解释。本文通过对松辽盆地南部双辽地区橄榄岩包体进行详细的岩石学、地球化学、显微结构、各向异性研究,结果显示双辽地区橄榄岩包体的平衡温度为893~1152℃,来源于岩石圈地幔。橄榄岩中橄榄石的晶格优选方位(CPO)类型主要为A型、D型和AG型,其中,AG型和D型CPO可能形成于西太平洋板块向欧亚大陆俯冲回撤导致的岩石圈变形,AG型橄榄石CPO也可能形成于熔体存在下的橄榄石变形。基于CPO计算获得的橄榄岩包体全岩VP各向异性(AVP)为4.79%~11.80%,最大剪切波各向异性(AVSmax)为3.13%~7.93%。结合地球物理测量结果,推断松辽盆地南部复杂的SKS各向异性的主要贡献可能来源于面理陡倾或直立的岩石圈地幔。

地球内核各向异性结构成因:矿物学模型和动力学机制

地震学观测表明,地球内核具有复杂的不均一性和各向异性结构,认知内核结构的关键在于研究内核各向异性结构的矿物学组成和动力学机制。本文将介绍内核各向异性结构特征,并探讨其矿物模型和动力学机制。在内核温压下,六方相(hcp)和体心立方(bcc)相铁合金都表现出各向异性,若其快轴沿自转轴产生定向排布,则可以解释内核南北方向快、赤道方向慢的各向异性特征。轻元素的加入将显著改变铁合金的各向异性,特别是超离子态铁-氢合金的快轴方向随氢含量的增加而发生倒转。内核各向异性的动力学机制可分为3种:(1)凝固时晶体的定向生长。凝固时的组构在内核温度下会很快消失,因此该机制不是导致内核各向异性结构的主要原因;(2)外应力驱动。外应力驱动的定向排列需要考虑内核物质的流变机制,目前的模型主要基于刚性内核假设,要求内核主要发生位错蠕变且黏度大于1018Pa·s;(3)扩散内应力驱动。若内核处于超离子态,地磁场驱动轻元素定向扩散所产生的内应力可驱动晶格的定向排布。上述机制的驱动力(化学对流、热对流、地磁场)均来自外核,因此了解外核动力学与内核动力学的相互作用是认知内核组成和结构的关键。

连云山岩体韧性走滑剪切带变形特征及其动力学

晚侏罗世末‒早白垩世早期中国东部岩石圈经历了从挤压到伸展的构造转变,这一过程反映了古太平洋板片活动方式的变化。连云山岩体位于江南造山带中段,发育E-W向和NE-SW向走滑剪切带。E-W向走滑剪切带(F1)弥散地发育于二云母花岗岩中,而NE-SW向走滑剪切带(F2)以应变集中带形式切过黑云母花岗岩和斑状花岗岩岩株,叠加在F1之上。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,连云山岩体中剪切变形的黑云母二长花岗岩和斑状花岗岩的侵位年龄分别150±2 Ma和138±5 Ma。从F2剪切带斑状花岗岩中心向边缘,石英C轴组构揭示糜棱岩中石英滑移系从柱面<c>到底面,表明从岩体中心向边缘变形温度从500℃降至约300℃。据此可以确定F1变形时间为150 Ma之后,F2变形时间为斑状花岗岩冷却至中心温度约400~500℃时,接近138 Ma。应力分析揭示两条剪切带发育的最大主应力(σ1)为NEE-SWW向,指示早白垩世早期古太平洋板块向扬子板块低角度俯冲方向为NEE-SWW向,深俯冲板片“回绕”时间略晚于138 Ma。

Textured Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells Achieving Over 30% Efficiency Promoted by 4-Fluorobenzylamine Hydroiodide

Monolithic textured perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells(TSCs)are expected to achieve maximum light capture at the lowest cost,potentially exhibiting the best power conversion efficiency.However,it is challenging to fabricate high-quality perovskite films and preferred crystal orientation on commercially textured silicon substrates with micrometersize pyramids.Here,we introduced a bulky organic molecule(4-fluorobenzylamine hydroiodide(F-PMAI))as a perovskite additive.It is found that F-PMAI can retard the crystallization process of perovskite film through hydrogen bond interaction between F^(−)and FA^(+)and reduce(111)facet surface energy due to enhanced adsorption energy of F-PMAI on the(111)facet.Besides,the bulky molecular is extruded to the bottom and top of perovskite film after crystal growth,which can passivate interface defects through strong interaction between F-PMA+and undercoordinated Pb^(2+)/I^(−).As a result,the additive facilitates the formation of large perovskite grains and(111)preferred orientation with a reduced trap-state density,thereby promoting charge carrier transportation,and enhancing device performance and stability.The perovskite/silicon TSCs achieved a champion efficiency of 30.05%based on a silicon thin film tunneling junction.In addition,the devices exhibit excellent longterm thermal and light stability without encapsulation.This work provides an effective strategy for achieving efficient and stable TSCs.

Mg掺杂增强CuCrO_(2)陶瓷的电传导及各向异性

采用固相反应法制备了具有c轴择优的CuCr_(1-x)Mg_(x)O_(2)(x=0、0.005、0.010、0.020、0.030、0.040、0.050)系列多晶,分别从垂直和平行于压力的宏观面内方向和厚度方向研究Mg掺杂对CuCrO_(2)多晶微结构取向和电性能及各向异性的影响,探讨了Mg掺杂增强CuCrO_(2)陶瓷电导率各向异性的机制。当x≤0.030时,多晶为菱方R3m单相结构,随着掺杂量的增加,晶粒在面内充分长大,气孔和晶界减少,致密度逐渐提高,多晶呈现热激活半导体电输运行为;当x=0.030时,面内取向因子F((00l))达到最高值0.912,面内c轴择优取向远优于厚度方向,面内和厚度方向的CuCr_(1-x)Mg_(x)O_(2)多晶室温电阻率分别显著下降至1.80×10^(-3)和3.16×10^(-3)Ω·m,这是由于其结构各向异性的差异,热激活能均减小至0.03 eV,c轴择优取向对热激活能影响并不明显,最大载流子浓度比母相均增加3个量级,晶界缺陷更少,平均自由程增大,输运能力更强,电导率更高。实验表明最优掺杂量为x=0.030,当掺杂量x高于0.030时,出现MgCr_(2)O_(4)尖晶石杂相,样品的微观结构和电输运性能变差。

Lattice Preferred Orientation, Water Content, and Seismic Anisotropy of Orthopyroxene

Lattice preferred orientation （LPO） and seismic anisotropy of orthopyroxene （enstatite） in mantle xenoliths from Spitsbergen, Svalbard, near the Arctic, are studied. LPOs of enstatite were determined using electron backseattered diffraction （EBSD）. We found four types of LPOs of orthopyroxene and defined them as type-AC, -AB, -BC, and -ABC. Type-AC LPO of orthopyroxene is defined as （100） plane aligned subparallel to foliation and [001] axis aligned subparallel to lineation. Type-AB LPO is defined as （100） plane aligned subparallel to foliation and [010] axis aligned subparallel to linea- tion. Type-BC LPO is defined as （010） plane aligned subparallel to foliation and [001] axis aligned subparallel to lineation. Type-ABC LPO is defined as both （100） and （010） planes aligned subparallel to foliation with a girdle distribution of both [100] and [010] axes normal to lineation and [001] axis aligned subparallel to lineation. We report for the first time the type-AB, -BC, and -ABC LPO of orthopyroxerie. We found that the LPO pattern has a correlation with the content of orthopyroxene in the specimen. Nicolet 6700 FTIR （Fourier transformation infrared） study of enstatite showed that type-AC LPO was observed mostly in the samples of enstatite with low water content. It is found that the strength of the LPO of enstatite decreases with increasing water content and has a correlation with the strength of the LPO of olivine： the stronger the LPO of enstatite, the stronger the LPO of olivine. Seismic anisotropy of enstatite was smaller than that of olivine in the same specimen.

Substrate angle-induced fully c-axis orientation of AlN films deposited by off-normal DC sputtering method

A highly c-axis-oriented aluminum nitride(Al N)thin film with smooth and crack-free surface was fabricated by an off-normal direct current(DC)sputtering method in a pure nitrogen atmosphere,in which the rotatable substrate holder positioned in the middle of four side targets was a key approach to guarantee the grain growth with no tilt.The detailed effects of substrate angle on the c-axis orientation of Al N films were investigated by varying the substrate angle from 0°to 90°.Moreover,theoretical analysis and Monte Carlo(MC)simulation reveal that the oblique or even vertical angle could improve the lateral kinetic energy of sputtered atoms deposited on the growing film.A variety of examining techniques including X-ray diffraction(XRD),(002)peak rocking curve,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)were conducted to evaluate the angle dependence on the crystallographic orientation.These test results indicate that larger substrate angle is beneficial to the(002)growth of Al N thin film,and a fully c-axis textured Al N thin film is obtained at 90°with small surface roughness(R_(a))of 3.32 nm.

Al_(2)O_(3)掺杂对ZnO薄膜结构及光电性能的影响

以ZnAl_(2)O_(4)陶瓷靶为溅射源,采用射频磁控溅射法,利用优化的氧化锌薄膜制备工艺,在石英衬底上沉积了Al_(2)O_(3)掺杂ZnO(AZO)透明导电薄膜,并通过X射线衍射仪、紫外-可见分光光度计、薄膜测厚仪、霍尔效应仪对其进行了结构表征和光电性能测试,研究了靶材中Al_(2)O_(3)不同掺杂质量分数(1%~5%)对薄膜结构及光电性能的影响。结果表明:沉积所得AZO薄膜为六方形纤锌矿结构,沿(002)晶面择优取向生长;随着Al_(2)O_(3)掺杂比例的提高,薄膜禁带宽度先增大后减小,电阻率先减小后增大;当Al_(2)O_(3)掺杂质量分数为4%时,薄膜择优取向性最好,可见光透过率最高,电阻率最小,具有最优的结晶质量和光电性能。

磁控溅射技术制备氮化钛薄膜的研究进展

氮化钛薄膜具有出色的涂层性能,如高硬度、低电阻率和良好的耐蚀耐磨性等,在汽车、航空航天和生物医学中有着广泛的应用。磁控溅射技术因其成本低、沉积速率高以及绿色环保等优势,成为氮化钛薄膜制备的主要技术之一。综述了磁控溅射工艺参数对氮化钛薄膜择优取向、晶粒大小、膜层厚度、相组成和力学性能等的影响规律和作用机制。另外,还讨论了掺杂元素的种类、浓度和不同的退火温度对氮化钛薄膜组织结构与性能的影响。最后,提出了磁控溅射制备氮化钛薄膜的研究难点,并展望了未来磁控溅射技术制备氮化钛薄膜的发展方向。